scholarly journals Genetic diversity, antifungal evaluation and molecular docking studies of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles as prospective stem rust inhibitor candidates among some Egyptian wheat genotypes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0257959
Author(s):  
Hanaa S. Omar ◽  
Abdullah Al Mutery ◽  
Neama H. Osman ◽  
Nour El-Houda A. Reyad ◽  
Mohamed A. Abou-Zeid
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Main Cluster

Wheat has a remarkable importance among cereals worldwide. Wheat stem and leaf rust constitute the main threats that destructively influence grain quality and yield production. Pursuing resistant cultivars and developing new genotypes including resistance genes is believed to be the most effective tool to overcome these challenges. This study is the first to use molecular markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of eighteen Egyptian wheat genotypes. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis was also used to assess the Cu-chitosan nanoparticle (CuChNp) treatment and its mode of action in disease control management. The tested genotypes were categorized into two main cluster groups depending on the similarity matrix, i.e the most resistant and susceptible genotypes to stem and leaf rust races. The results of SCoT primers revealed 140 polymorphic and 5 monomorphic bands with 97% polymorphism. While 121 polymorphic and 74 monomorphic bands were scored for SRAP primers (99% polymorphism). The genotypes Sakha 94, Sakha 95, Beni Sweif 4, Beni Sweif 7, Sohag 4 and Sohag 5 were resistant, while Giza 160 was highly susceptible to all stem rust races at the seedling stage. However, in the adult stage, the 18 genotypes were evaluated for stem and leaf rust-resistant in two different locations, i.e. Giza and Sids. In this investigation, for the first time, the activity of CuChNp was studied and shown to have the potential to inhibit stem and leaf rust in studied Egyptian wheat genotypes. The Spraying Cu-chitosan nanoparticles showed that the incubation and latent periods were increased in treated plants of the tested genotypes. Molecular modeling revealed their activity against the stem and leaf rust development. The SRAP and SCoT markers were highly useful tools for the classification of the tested wheat genotypes, although they displayed high similarities at the morphological stage. However, Cu-chitosan nanoparticles have a critical and effective role in stem and leaf rust disease control.

Genetic studies of leaf and stem rust resistance in six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Bai ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Promising Source

Six accessions of Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides L. (4x, AABB) of diverse origin were tested with 10 races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and 10 races of stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.). Their infection type patterns were all different from those of lines carrying the Lr or Sr genes on the A or B genome chromosomes with the same races. The unique reaction patterns are probably controlled by genes for leaf rust or stem rust resistance that have not been previously identified. The six dicoccoides accessions were crossed with leaf rust susceptible RL6089 durum wheat and stem rust susceptible 'Kubanka' durum wheat to determine the inheritance of resistance. They were also crossed in diallel to see whether they carried common genes. Seedlings of F1, F2, and BC1F2 generations from the crosses of the dicoccoides accessions with RL6089 were tested with leaf rust race 15 and those from the crosses with 'Kubanka' were tested with stem rust race 15B-1. The F2 populations from the diallel crosses were tested with both races. The data from the crosses with the susceptible durum wheats showed that resistance to leaf rust race 15 and stem rust race 15B-1 in each of the six dicoccoides accessions is conferred by a single dominant or partially dominant gene. In the diallel crosses, the dominance of resistance appeared to be affected by different genetic backgrounds. With one exception, the accessions carry different resistance genes: CI7181 and PI 197483 carry a common gene for resistance to leaf rust race 15. Thus, wild emmer wheat has considerable genetic diversity for rust resistance and is a promising source of new rust resistance genes for cultivated wheats.Key words: wheat rust, leaf rust, stem rust, rust resistance, genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Exploitation of the genetic variability in the genotype of Egyptian Wheat by studding Molecular Markers, Molecular Docking, and Nano Composites. Regulation of leaf and stem rust.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa M Shamkh ◽  
Ahmed S El Faki ◽  
Mohammed F Abo El Magd ◽  
Dina Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Composite Nanoparticle ◽  
Before And After

Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) and P. triticina (Pt), the causal agents of stem rust and leaf rust, respectively form new physiological races that significantly reduce growth and yield of wheat cultivars. Therefore, seeking for resistant cultivars and exploring it to continuously produce new wheat cultivars resistant to stem and leaf rust through breeding programs is urgent. The aim of the present study was to assess 18 Egyptian wheat genotypes for resistance to stem and leaf rust. The 18 genotypes were also analyzed for polymorphism using 20 SCoT and SRAP primers. Furthermore, the activity of chitosan-cupper composite nanoparticle in controlling stem rust is examined and its mode of action is studied using molecular docking analysis. In seedling stage, the genotypes were tested against 20 stem rust races, and the host reaction types were noticed. The lowest host reaction types (It = 0; to 2++) were recorded for Sakha 94, Sakha 95, Beni Sweif 4, Beni Sweif 7, Sohag 4, Sohag 5 and Gemmeiza 12. These genotypes except Gemmeiza 12 were resistant to all races. The remaining genotypes were susceptable to most races, but Giza 160 was highly susceptible to all races. In adult stage, the 18 genotypes were evaluated for resistant to stem rust and leaf rust in two different location, i.e. Giza and sids. The evaluation was expressed as percentage of final rust severity (FRS%), Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and rate of rust disease increase (r-value). SCoT and SRAP analysis generated 140 and 121 polymorphic band with 97 and 99% polymorphism, respectively. Among them, 71 and 73 were unique loci for SCoT and SRAP, respectively. The 18 genotypes were divided into two main groups depending on the similarity matrix. The first cluster consists of the most resistant genotypes to leaf rust (Giza 171, Sakha 94, Misr 1, Misr 2, Misr 3, Giza 168, Gemmeiza 12 and Sids 12) in addition to two cultivars susceptible to leaf and stem rust (Beni Sweif 7, Gemmeiza 11). Meanwhile, the second ones consists of the most susceptible genotypes to stem and leaf rust (Giza 164, Sakha 69, Giza 160, Beni Sweif 4, Sohag 5 and Sohag 4) in addition to Sakha 95 (resistant to leaf rust but susceptible to stem rust) and Shandaweel 1 (resistant to stem rust but susceptible to leaf rust). Moreover, the 18 genotypes were sprayed with Cu-chitosan composite nanoparticle either before or before and after inoculation with uridiospores of stem rust to determine the effect of this solution and its application method in controlling the disease. The infection was reduced when the plant sprayed 24 h before and 24 h before and after inoculation. Incubation and latent periods were increased in treated plant genotypes. Besides, the treatment gave the lowest infection type compared to the control. The foliar spray application did not affect the efficacy of the tested treatment. Keywords: Molecular markers, Genetic diversity, stem rust, leaf rust, nanoparticle.

scholarly journals Wheat sRNA transcriptome reveals R-gene associated distinct temporal miRNA profiles in response to stem rust and leaf rust diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu M Nair ◽  
Hari Krishna S Kumar ◽  
Jyothsna S ◽  
Krishna TS ◽  
Manjunatha C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Passenger Strand

Abstract Wheat rusts, the dreadful fungal diseases caused by members of the Puccinia genus remain as a major threat to global wheat production and food security. The R-gene mediated resistance has been employed as an efficient approach to develop rust resistant varieties. However, evolution of new fungal races and infection strategies put forward the urgency of unravelling novel genomics assisted molecular players, including non-coding RNAs for rust disease management. MicroRNAs are crucial regulators of genes associated with plant growth, development, abiotic and biotic stress responses. In this study, high throughput small RNA sequencing was performed on susceptible and resistant wheat near-isogenic lines inoculated with stem rust and leaf rust, together with mock inoculated controls. While miRNA mining in stem rust inoculated libraries revealed a total of twenty-six known and seven novel miRNAs, the search in leaf rust libraries culminated with twenty-two known and four novel miRNAs. The identified candidate miRNAs constituted both guide and passenger miRNA strands along with their isomiRs. Temporal expression pattern of differentially expressed miRNAs pinpoints their possible role during the progress of infection. Comparative analysis provides a better understanding of altered miRNA profiles associated with Sr36 and Lr45 disease resistance genes in response to stem rust and leaf rust, respectively. Also, the disclosure of guide strand, passenger strand and a variant of novel-Tae-miR02 with various sub-genomal origins might serve as an important common link between stem rust and leaf rust defense mechanisms downstream to the respective R-genes. Further, cis-regulatory elements that modulate MIR genes, targets of identified miRNAs related to various signal transduction pathways, and miR-SSRs which might be useful for rust disease control, are the emphasized attributes of our results. The outcome from this simultaneous study of miRNA profiles among two rust diseases and further characterization of the identified miRNAs can contribute to the expanding rust disease management programs.

Genetic diversity of durum wheat genotypes using morpho-protein analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-686
Author(s):  
M. Rajabi Hashjin ◽  
M.H. Fotokian ◽  
M. Agahee Sarbrzeh ◽  
M. Mohammadi ◽  
D. Talei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Homology Modeling of Mus Musculus CDK5 and Molecular Docking Studies with Flavonoids

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Suri ◽  
Rumana Waseem ◽  
Seshagiri Bandi ◽  
Sania Shaik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5

A 3D model of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) (Accession Number: Q543f6) is generated based on crystal structure of P. falciparum PFPK5-indirubin-5-sulphonate ligand complex (PDB ID: 1V0O) at 2.30 Å resolution was used as template. Protein-ligand interaction studies were performed with flavonoids to explore structural features and binding mechanism of flavonoids as CDK5 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 5) inhibitors. The modelled structure was selected on the basis of least modeler objective function. The model was validated by PROCHECK. The predicted 3D model is reliable with 93.0% of amino acid residues in core region of the Ramachandran plot. Molecular docking studies with flavonoids viz., Diosmetin, Eriodictyol, Fortuneletin, Apigenin, Ayanin, Baicalein, Chrysoeriol and Chrysosplenol-D with modelled protein indicate that Diosmetin is the best inhibitor containing docking score of -8.23 kcal/mol. Cys83, Lys89, Asp84. The compound Diosmetin shows interactions with Cys83, Lys89, and Asp84.

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