scholarly journals What part of the brain is involved in graphic design thinking in landscape architecture?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0258413
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Tsai ◽  
Shih-Han Hung ◽  
Tsung-Ren Huang ◽  
William C. Sullivan ◽  
Shih-An Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Brain

Graphic design thinking is a key skill for landscape architects, but little is known about the links between the design process and brain activity. Based on Goel’s frontal lobe lateralization hypothesis (FLLH), we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan the brain activity of 24 designers engaging in four design processes—viewing, copy drawing, preliminary ideas, and refinement—during graphic design thinking. The captured scans produced evidence of dramatic differences between brain activity when copying an existing graphic and when engaging in graphic design thinking. The results confirm that designs involving more graphic design thinking exhibit significantly more activity in the left prefrontal cortex. These findings illuminate the design process and suggest the possibility of developing specific activities or exercises to promote graphic design thinking in landscape architecture.

Self‐Fulfilling Prophecies: The Influence of Gender Stereotypes on Functional Neuroimaging Research on Emotion

Hypatia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Bluhm
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Interpretive Strategies ◽  
The Brain

Feminist scholars have shown that research on sex/gender differences in the brain is often used to support gender stereotypes. Scientists use a variety of methodological and interpretive strategies to make their results consistent with these stereotypes. In this paper, I analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research that examines differences between women and men in brain activity associated with emotion and show that these researchers go to great lengths to make their results consistent with the view that women are more emotional than men.

Efficient orthogonal functional magnetic resonance imaging designs in the presence of drift

2020 ◽  
pp. 096228022095387
Author(s):  
Rakhi Singh ◽  
John Stufken
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Orthogonal Designs ◽  
The Brain

To study brain activity, by measuring changes associated with the blood flow in the brain, functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques are employed. The design problem in event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging studies is to find the best sequence of stimuli to be shown to subjects for precise estimation of the brain activity. Previous analytical studies concerning optimal functional magnetic resonance imaging designs often assume a simplified model with independent errors over time. Optimal designs under this model are called g-lag orthogonal designs. Recently, it has been observed that g-lag orthogonal designs also perform well under simplified models with auto-regressive error structures. However, these models do not include drift. We investigate the performance of g-lag orthogonal designs for models that incorporate drift parameters. Identifying g-lag orthogonal designs that perform best in the presence of a drift is important because a drift is typically assumed for the analysis of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

scholarly journals Perceiving actions before they happen: psychological dimensions scaffold neural action prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Thornton ◽  
Diana I Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Social World ◽  
Action Space ◽  
Action Prediction ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Dimensions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract The social world buzzes with action. People constantly walk, talk, eat, work, play, snooze and so on. To interact with others successfully, we need to both understand their current actions and predict their future actions. Here we used functional neuroimaging to test the hypothesis that people do both at the same time: when the brain perceives an action, it simultaneously encodes likely future actions. Specifically, we hypothesized that the brain represents perceived actions using a map that encodes which actions will occur next: the six-dimensional Abstraction, Creation, Tradition, Food(-relevance), Animacy and Spiritualism Taxonomy (ACT-FAST) action space. Within this space, the closer two actions are, the more likely they are to precede or follow each other. To test this hypothesis, participants watched a video featuring naturalistic sequences of actions while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We first use a decoding model to demonstrate that the brain uses ACT-FAST to represent current actions. We then successfully predicted as-yet unseen actions, up to three actions into the future, based on their proximity to the current action’s coordinates in ACT-FAST space. This finding suggests that the brain represents actions using a six-dimensional action space that gives people an automatic glimpse of future actions.

scholarly journals Adaptive brain activity changes during tongue movement with palatal coverage from fMRI data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Inamochi ◽  
Kenji Fueki ◽  
Nobuo Usui ◽  
Masato Taira ◽  
Noriyuki Wakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Motor Dexterity ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSuccessful adaptation to wearing dentures with palatal coverage may be associated with cortical activity changes related to tongue motor control. The purpose was to investigate the brain activity changes during tongue movement in response to a new oral environment. Twenty-eight fully dentate subjects (mean age: 28.6-years-old) who had no experience with removable dentures wore experimental palatal plates for 7 days. We measured tongue motor dexterity, difficulty with tongue movement, and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during tongue movement at pre-insertion (Day 0), as well as immediately (Day 1), 3 days (Day 3), and 7 days (Day 7) post-insertion. Difficulty with tongue movement was significantly higher on Day 1 than on Days 0, 3, and 7. In the subtraction analysis of brain activity across each day, activations in the angular gyrus and right precuneus on Day 1 were significantly higher than on Day 7. Tongue motor impairment induced activation of the angular gyrus, which was associated with monitoring of the tongue’s spatial information, as well as the activation of the precuneus, which was associated with constructing the tongue motor imagery. As the tongue regained the smoothness in its motor functions, the activation of the angular gyrus and precuneus decreased.

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