scholarly journals Effects of obesity and foot arch height on gait mechanics: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260398
Author(s):  
Daekyoo Kim ◽  
Cara L. Lewis ◽  
Simone V. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Gait Mechanics ◽  
Lower Arch

Foot arch structure contributes to lower-limb joint mechanics and gait in adults with obesity. However, it is not well-known if excessive weight and arch height together affect gait mechanics compared to the effects of excessive weight and arch height alone. The purpose of this study was to determine the influences of arch height and obesity on gait mechanics in adults. In this study, 1) dynamic plantar pressure, 2) spatiotemporal gait parameters, 3) foot progression angle, and 4) ankle and knee joint angles and moments were collected in adults with normal weight with normal arch heights (n = 11), normal weight with lower arch heights (n = 10), obesity with normal arch heights (n = 8), and obesity with lower arch heights (n = 18) as they walked at their preferred speed and at a pedestrian standard walking speed, 1.25 m/s. Digital foot pressure data were used to compute a measure of arch height, the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI). Our results revealed that BMI and arch height were each associated with particular measures of ankle and knee joint mechanics during walking in healthy young adults: (i) a higher BMI with greater peak internal ankle plantar-flexion moment and (ii) a lower arch height with greater peak internal ankle eversion and abduction moments and peak internal knee abduction moment (i.e., external knee adduction moment). Our results have implications for understanding the role of arch height in reducing musculoskeletal injury risks, improving gait, and increasing physical activity for people living with obesity.

scholarly journals Arch Height Mediation of Obesity-Related Walking in Adults: Contributors to Physical Activity Limitations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone V. Gill ◽  
Cara L. Lewis ◽  
Jeremy M. DeSilva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Stance Time

Walking and foot arch structure have risk-increasing effects that contribute to decreased physical activity in adults with overweight and obese body mass index (BMI) scores. However, it is unknown whether both excessive weight and arch height influence walking compared to the effects of excessive weight or arch height alone. The purpose of this study was to investigate if arch height mediates obesity-related walking characteristics among adults with different BMI classifications. Spatiotemporal walking kinematics and dynamic plantar pressure were collected as adults with normal (n=30), overweight (n=34), and obese (n=25) BMI scores walked at their preferred speed. Digital footprints created with plantar pressure data were used to calculate a measure of arch height, the Chippaux-Smirak Index (CSI). The results showed that obese adults had lower arches than normal weight adults (P<0.05). Arch height was related to velocity, double limb support time, stance time, step length, and foot rotation (all Ps < 0.05). Overweight participants with lower arches had lower velocities and higher double limb support times (all Ps < 0.05). The results have implications for aiding an increase in physical activity for overweight adults via intervening in adults’ arch height.

IMPACT OF BMI AND FOOT ARCH HEIGHT ON PHYSICAL PERFORMANCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Selvaganapathy ◽  
Roshini Rajappan ◽  
Geeta Soohinda ◽  
Hu Mey Mai
Keyword(s):  
Arch Height ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Physical Performances

scholarly journals The influence of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes in two-child women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqing Chen ◽  
Suhua Zou ◽  
Zhuyu Li ◽  
Jianbo Yang ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Abstract Background Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain were related to perinatal outcomes. It was not know the changes of pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy and its effect on perinatal outcomes in two-child women.Methods This was a retrospective study. Data of single term women delivered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected from July 2017 to June 2018. Gestational weight gain criteria of the American Institute of Medical Research and pre-pregnancy body mass index classes were used to evaluate the effects on pregnancy outcomes.Results A total of 3049 cases were enrolled in the study. Overweight cases was 9.0% and obesity was 2.4%. The weight gain of the two-child women was less than that of primipara(12.4±3.9vs13.3±4.0kg, P<0.001). The proportion of primipara with excessive weight gain was higher compared to two-child women(20.1%versus17.3%, P<0.001). There were 40.0% overweight primipara and 55.2% of two-child women had excessive weight gain. And 40.5% primipara and 54.5% two-child women of obesity had excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Obese primipara increased the risk of pre-eclampsia (aOR2.38, 95%CI 0.76-7.46). And the odds of diabetes mellitus and large for gestational age also increased in this group (aOR3.49, 95%CI 1.46-8.35 and aOR7.65, 95%CI 1.83-31.97, respectively). Two-child women had similar results. Underweight primipara with excessive weight gain increased the pre-eclampsia risk (aOR2.26, 95%CI 0.29-17.46). Normal weight and overweight/obese primipara also had similar results. But in two-child women, only overweight/obesity increased the risk of pre-eclampsia (aOR2.01, 95%CI 0.41-9.98). Underweight two-child women with less weight gain increased the risk of diabetes(aOR2.06, 95%CI 0.43-9.8). Two-child women with overweight/obese increased the odds of LGA even if they had less weight gain(aOR2.58, 95%CI 0.11-63.22). Normal weight primipara and two-child women with overweight and obese with excessive weight gain had similar results. On the other way, underweight primipara with less weight gain increased the risk of SGA(aOR1.74, 95%CI 0.81-3.76).Conclusions Gestational weight gain of two-child women was less than primipara. Overweight/obese women with excessive weight gain of two-child women increased the risk of adverse outcomes.

Ankle Angle but Not Knee Angle Influences Force Fluctuations During Plantar Flexion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Trypidakis ◽  
Ioannis G. Amiridis ◽  
Roger Enoka ◽  
Irini Tsatsaki ◽  
Eleftherios Kellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Ankle Angle

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of changes in ankle- and knee-joint angles on force steadiness and the discharge characteristics of motor units (MU) in soleus when the plantar flexors performed steady isometric contractions. Submaximal contractions (5, 10, 20, and 40% of maximum) were performed at two ankle angles (75° and 105°) and two knee angles (120° and 180°) by 14 young adults. The coefficient of variation of force decreased as the target force increased from 5 to 20% of maximal force, then remained unaltered at 40%. Independently of knee angle, the coefficient of variation for force at the ankle angle of 75° (long length) was always less (p<0.05) than that at 105° (shorter length). Mean discharge rate, discharge variability, and variability in neural activation of soleus motor units were less (p<0.05) at the 75° angle than at 105°. It was not possible to record MUs from medial gastrocnemius at the knee angle of 120° due to its minimal activation. The changes in knee-joint angle did not influence any of the outcome measures. The findings underscore the dominant role of the soleus muscle in the control of submaximal forces produced by the plantar flexor muscles.

scholarly journals Calcaneus height is a key morphological factor of sprint performance in sprinters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Msafumi Terada ◽  
Takahiro Tanaka ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Relative Height ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Foot Morphology

Abstract This study examined the relationships between the foot bone morphologies and sprint performance in sprinters. Foot images in 56 male sprinters obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative lengths of the forefoot bones of the big and second toes, which were calculated as total lengths of the forefoot bones for each toe normalized to the foot length, correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time (r =  − 0.293 and − 0.459, both Ps < 0.05). The relative lengths of the rearfoot talus and calcaneus normalized to the foot length also correlated significantly with the sprint performance (r =  − 0.378 and − 0.496, both Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative height of the calcaneus, but not the talus, normalized to body height correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.690, P < 0.001). Additionally, the relative calcaneus height correlated significantly with the foot arch height index (r = 0.420, P = 0.001), and the foot arch height index correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.517, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the taller calcaneus may be a key morphological factor for achieving superior sprint performance, potentially via modeling the longer forefoot and rearfoot bones and functional foot morphology in sprinters.

scholarly journals Physiological Gait versus Gait in VR on Multidirectional Treadmill—Comparative Analysis

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jochymczyk-Woźniak ◽  
Katarzyna Nowakowska ◽  
Jacek Polechoński ◽  
Sandra Sładczyk ◽  
Robert Michnik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Pelvic Tilt ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Active Motion ◽  
Flexion Extension

Background and objectives: Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly often finding applications in physiotherapy and health promotion. Recent years have seen the use of advanced technologies in the promotion of physical activity (PA) in society. New simulators, e.g., treadmills, enable the performance of PA (e.g., locomotive movements) in VR (artificially created virtual world). The question of how such movements are similar to natural forms of human locomotion (march, run) inspired the comparative analysis of physiological gait and gait in VR on a multidirectional Omni treadmill. Materials and Methods: The tests involved the use of the BTS Smart system for the triplanar analysis of motion. The test involved 10 healthy females aged 20–24 (weight: 52 ± 3.1 kg, height 162 ± 5.4 cm). Measurements were performed at two stages. The first stage involved the standard assessment of physiological gait, whereas the second was focused on gait forced by the Omni treadmill. The following gait parameters were analyzed: Flexion-extension in the ankle, knee joint and hip joint, rotation in the hip joint and knee joint, foot progression, adduction-abduction in the knee joint and hip joint, pelvic obliquity, pelvic tilt, pelvic rotation as well as energy expenditure and the movement of the body center of mass. Results: The analysis of the test results revealed the existence of differences in the kinematics of physical gait and gait on the treadmill. The greatest differences were recorded in relation to the dorsal-plantar flexion in the ankle, the foot progression, the rotation of the knee joint, pelvic tilt and rotation. In addition, the gait on the treadmill is characterized by the longer duration of the stance phase and reduced ranges of the following movements: Flexion-extension in the ankle, knee joint and hip joint, adduction-abduction in the hip joint as well as rotation in the ankle and hip joint. The values of potential, kinetic and total energy recorded in relation to forced gait are significantly lower than those of physiological gait. Conclusions: Because of the fact that the parameters of gait on the Omni platform vary significantly from the parameters of physical gait, the application of the Omni treadmill in the re-education of gait during rehabilitation should be treated with considerable care. Nonetheless, the treadmill has adequate potential to become a safe simulator enabling active motion in VR using locomotive movements.

scholarly journals Analysis of Differences in the Degree of Biomechanical Adaptation according to Habituation to Different Heel Heights

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Cha
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
High Maximum ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Balance Ability

This study aims to comprehensively investigate whether there are any differences in the degree of biomechanical adaptation according to habituation to different heel heights. The biomechanical characteristics of 54 subjects in 3 groups habituated to three heel heights (low, medium-high, and high heels) were evaluated by the measurement of surface EMG, myotonometer (e.g., measurement of muscle tension), foot pressure, and lumbosacral angle, and comparative analysis was carried out to find out whether they showed differences in the comfort visual analog scale (comfort VAS). Wearers of high-heeled shoes (6 cm or more in heel height), in foot pressure comparison, showed significantly high peak pressure in the mask of the hallux, high maximum peak EMG in the gastrocnemius medius (GM), and a high percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) in the plantar flexor. Wearers of low-heeled shoes (3 cm and below in heel height) showed the highest plantar peak pressure in the lateral forefoot and midfoot, the highest contact area in midfoot, the highest %MVIC in the plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the tibialis anterior (TA), and the highest stiffness in the TA, and they showed the lowest static balance ability with eyes open (EO) among the three groups. It was found that there were significant differences between those habituated to high-heeled shoes and those not habituated to high-heeled shoes and that longtime wearing of high-heeled shoes brings about biomechanical adaptive changes in the human body.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Self-awareness and Clinical Diagnostic Findings of Abnormal Foot Arch Height in Koreans

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Youngsuk Son ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kang ◽  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
Ji Hye Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Self Awareness ◽  
Arch Height ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Foot Arch
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