scholarly journals Comparison of the most likely low-emission electricity production systems in Estonia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261780
Author(s):  
Zachariah Steven Baird ◽  
Dmitri Neshumayev ◽  
Oliver Järvik ◽  
Kody M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Low Emission

To meet targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, many countries, including Estonia, must transition to low-emission electricity sources. Based on current circumstances, the most likely options in Estonia are renewables with energy storage, oil shale power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS), or the combination of renewables and either oil shale or nuclear power plants. Here we compare these different scenarios to help determine which would be the most promising based on current information. For the comparison we performed simulations to assess how various systems meet the electricity demand in Estonia and at what cost. Based on our simulation results and literature data, combining wind turbines with thermal power plants would provide grid stability at a more affordable cost. Using nuclear power to compliment wind turbines would lead to an overall levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in the range of 68 to 150 EUR/MWh (median of 103 EUR/MWh). Using oil shale power plants with CCS would give a cost between 91 and 163 EUR/MWh (median of 118 EUR/MWh). By comparison, using only renewables and energy storage would have an LCOE of 106 to 241 EUR/MWh (median of 153 EUR/MWh).

scholarly journals Comparison of the most likely low-emission electricity production systems in Estonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachariah Baird ◽  
Dmitri Neshumayev ◽  
Oliver Järvik ◽  
Kody M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Oil Shale ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Low Emission

To meet targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, many countries, including Estonia, must transition to low-emission electricity sources. Based on current circumstances, the most likely options in Estonia are renewables with energy storage, oil shale power plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS), or the combination of renewables and either oil shale or nuclear power plants. Here we compare these different scenarios to help determine which would be the most promising based on current information. For the comparison we performed simulations to assess how various systems meet the electricity demand in Estonia and at what cost.Based on our simulation results and literature data, combining wind turbines with thermal power plants would provide grid stability at a more affordable cost. Using nuclear power to compliment wind turbines would lead to an overall levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) in the range of 68 to 150 EUR/MWh (median of 103 EUR/MWh). Using oil shale power plants with CCS would give a cost between 91 and 163 EUR/MWh (median of 118 EUR/MWh). By comparison, using only renewables and energy storage would have an LCOE of 106 to 241 EUR/MWh (median of 153 EUR/MWh).

scholarly journals The energy future of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 03005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Boretti ◽  
Stefania Castelletto ◽  
Wael Al-Kouz ◽  
Jamal Nayfeh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Novel Technologies

In a recent publication, North European experts argue that “Saudi Arabia can achieve a 100% renewable energy power system by 2040 with a power sector dominated by PV single-axis tracking and battery storage”. They also say “Battery storage contributed up to 30% of the total electricity demand in 2040 and the contribution increases to 48% by 2050”. Based on considerations specific to the geography, climate conditions, and resources of Saudi Arabia, it is explained as batteries and photovoltaic solar panels are not the best choice for the country's energy sector. To cover all the total primary energy supply of Saudi Arabia by solar photovoltaic, plus battery storage to compensate for the sun's energy intermittency, unpredictability, and seasonal variability, is impracticable and inconvenient, for both the economy and the environment. Better environment and economy may be achieved by further valorizing the fossil fuel resources, through the construction of other high-efficiency plants such as the combined cycle gas turbine plants of Qurayyah, development of novel technologies for the production of clean fuels and clean electricity, including oxyfuel combustion and carbon capture and storage. Construction of nuclear power plants may also be more beneficial to the economy and the environment than photovoltaic and batteries. Regarding solar energy, enclosed trough solar thermal power systems developed along the coast have much better perspectives than solar photovoltaic, as embedded thermal energy storage is a better approach than battery storage. Further, a centralized power plant works better than distributed rooftop photovoltaic installations covered by dust and sand, rusted or cracked. Finally, pumped hydro energy storage along the coast may also have better perspectives than battery storage.

Compressed Air Energy Storage System Exergy Analysis and its Combined Operation with Nuclear Power Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2786-2789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Chu Fu Li ◽  
Yan Xia Zhang ◽  
Hui Guo Yue
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Tracking Mode ◽  
Combined Operation

Nuclear plants are facing more and more peaking pressure, and combined operation with compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems is an effective approach to improve its peaking capacity. This work first simulates and conducts the exergy analysis for the CAES system. The results show that exergy efficiency of the CAES system is about 51.7%, as well as the exergy loss are primary in the fuel combustion and compressed air cooling processes, accounted for 25.4% and 11.3% of total exergy, respectively. Subsequently, three combined operation modes between CAES system and nuclear power plants for power grid peaking are investigated, which shows that three section tracking mode and incomplete tracking mode can achieve the balance between peaking effects and peaking cost.

Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Pavel Kirillov ◽  
Romney Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF RDE FEEDWATER PUMP IMPELLER

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sudadiyo
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Triangle Diagram ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Impeller Blade ◽  
Feedwater Pump

Nowadays, pumps are being widely used in the thermal power generation including nuclear power plants. Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) is a proposed nuclear reactor concept for the type of nuclear power plant in Indonesia. This RDE has thermal power 10 MWth, and uses a feedwater pump within its steam cycle. The performance of feedwater pump depends on size and geometry of impeller model, such as the number of blades and the blade angle. The purpose of this study is to perform a preliminary design on an impeller of feedwater pump for RDE and to simulate its performance characteristics. The Fortran code is used as an aid in data calculation in order to rapidly compute the blade shape of feedwater pump impeller, particularly for a RDE case. The calculations analyses is solved by utilizing empirical correlations, which are related to size and geometry of a pump impeller model, while performance characteristics analysis is done based on velocity triangle diagram. The effect of leakage, pass through the impeller due to the required clearances between the feedwater pump impeller and the volute channel, is also considered. Comparison between the feedwater pump of HTR-10 and of RDE shows similarity in the trend line of curve shape. These characteristics curves will be very useful for the values prediction of performance of a RDE feedwater pump. Preliminary design of feedwater pump provides the size and geometry of impeller blade model with 5-blades, inlet angle 14.5 degrees, exit angle 25 degrees, inside diameter 81.3 mm, exit diameter 275.2 mm, thickness 4.7 mm, and height 14.1 mm. In addition, the optimal values of performance characteristics were obtained when flow capacity was 4.8 kg/s, fluid head was 29.1 m, shaft mechanical power was 2.64 kW, and efficiency was 52 % at rotational speed 1750 rpm.Keywords: Blade, impeller, pump, RDEDESAIN AWAL IMPELER POMPA AIR UMPAN RDE. Saat ini, pompa digunakan secara luas dalam pembangkit tenaga termal termasuk pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir. Reaktor Daya Eksperimental (RDE) merupakan konsep reaktor nuklir yang diusulkan untuk tipe PLTN di Indonesia. RDE ini memiliki daya termal 10 MWth, dan menggunakan pompa air umpan dalam siklus uapnya. Kinerja pompa air umpan bergantung pada ukuran dan geometri model impeller, seperti jumlah sudu dan sudut sudu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat rancangan awal impeller pompa air umpan untuk RDE dan untuk mensimulasikan karakteristik kinerjanya. Kode Fortran digunakan sebagai bantuan dalam penghitungan data untuk untuk mengkalkulasi secara cepat bentuk sudu impeller pompa air umpan, terutama pada kasus RDE. Analisis perhitungan dipecahkan menggunakan korelasi empiris yang terkait dengan ukuran dan geometri model impeller pompa, sedangkan analisis karakteristik kinerja dilakukan berdasarkan diagram segitiga kecepatan. Pengaruh bocoran, melalui impeler akibat celah yang diperlukan antara impeller pompa air umpan dan saluran volute, juga dipertimbangkan. Perbandingan antara pompa air umpan HTR-10 dan RDE menunjukkan kemiripan dalam garis tren bentuk kurva. Kurva karakteristik ini akan sangat berguna untuk perkiraan nilai kinerja pompa air umpan RDE. Desain awal pompa air umpan memberikan ukuran dan geometri model sudu impeller dengan 5-sudu, sudut masuk 14,5 derajat, sudut keluar 25 derajat, diameter dalam 81,3 mm, diameter luar 275,2 mm, ketebalan 4,7 mm, dan tinggi 14,1 mm. Selain itu, nilai optimal karakteristik kinerja diperoleh ketika kapasitas aliran 4,8 kg/s, head fluida 29,1 m, tenaga mekanik poros 2,64 kW, dan efisiensi 52 % pada kecepatan putaran 1750 rpm.Kata kunci: Sudu, impeler, pompa, RDE

scholarly journals Potential assessment of using dry cooling mode in two different solar thermal power plants.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Taqiy Eddine Boukelia
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Dry Cooling

Most of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants are usually installed in desert regions where water resource availability is a critical limitation due to the lack of water required for the exploitation of these systems in these regions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the techno-economic competitiveness of deploying both modes of cooling (wet and dry) in two different parabolic trough solar thermal power plants integrated with thermal energy storage and fuel backup system; the first one is using thermic oil, while the other is working using molten salt. The obtained results show that the dry cooling mode can decrease the yields of the two power plants down to 8.7 % and 9.3 % for oil and salt configurations respectively. On the other hand, the levelized cost of electricity can increase by using this cooling option up to 9.3 % for oil plant, and 10.0 % for salt one. However, the main advantage of using dry cooling option is reducing water consumption which has been decreased by more than 94 % for both plants. The application of our methodology to other two sites worldwide, confirms the viability of the obtained results. The importance of this results is to show the effect of working fluids on the cooling system of solar power plants.

scholarly journals Design Considerations for the Liquid Air Energy Storage System Integrated to Nuclear Steam Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8484
Author(s):  
Seok-Ho Song ◽  
Jin-Young Heo ◽  
Jeong-Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Power Sources

A nuclear power plant is one of the power sources that shares a large portion of base-load. However, as the proportion of renewable energy increases, nuclear power plants will be required to generate power more flexibly due to the intermittency of the renewable energy sources. This paper reviews a layout thermally integrating the liquid air energy storage system with a nuclear power plant. To evaluate the performance realistically while optimizing the layout, operating nuclear power plant conditions are used. After revisiting the analysis, the optimized performance of the proposed system is predicted to achieve 59.96% of the round-trip efficiency. However, it is further shown that external environmental conditions could deteriorate the performance. For the design of liquid air energy storage-nuclear power plant integrated systems, both the steam properties of the linked plants and external factors should be considered.

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