scholarly journals Ethics for Laboratory Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M Gronowski ◽  
Melissa M Budelier ◽  
Sheldon M Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Practice

Abstract BACKGROUND Laboratory medicine, like other areas of medicine, is obliged to adhere to high ethical standards. There are particular ethical issues that are unique to laboratory medicine and other areas in which ethical issues uniquely impact laboratory practice. Despite this, there is variability in ethics education within the profession. This review provides a foundation for the study of ethics within laboratory medicine. CONTENT The Belmont Report identifies 3 core principles in biomedical ethics: respect for persons (including autonomy), beneficence (and its corollary nonmalfeasance), and justice. These core principles must be adhered to in laboratory medicine. Informed consent is vital to maintain patient autonomy. However, balancing patient autonomy with the desire for beneficence can sometimes be difficult when patients refuse testing or treatment. The use of leftover or banked samples is fundamental to the ability to do research, create reference intervals, and develop new tests, but it creates problems with consent. Advances in genetic testing have created unique ethical issues regarding privacy, incidental findings, and informed consent. As in other professions, the emergence of highly contagious and deadly infectious diseases poses a difficult ethical dilemma of helping patients while protecting healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS Although many clinical laboratorians do not see or treat patients, they must be held accountable to the highest ethical and professional behavior. Recognition and understanding of ethical issues are essential to ethical practice of laboratory medicine.

The Ethics of Informed Consent for Psychotherapy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair McKean ◽  
Manuel Trachsel ◽  
Paul Croarkin
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Informed Consent Process ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Surgical Interventions

Informed consent, enshrined in many of the codes of conduct of psychology and psychiatry professional organizations, is an integral component behind the ethical practice of psychotherapy. Foundationally, informed consent respects patient autonomy and should be a knowledge sharing process that allows patients greater agency and improved alliance with their clinician. Psychotherapy differs from medical and surgical interventions in that it is a longitudinal, collaborative, and interpersonal treatment. As many psychotherapists are not trained in traditional medical models of care, a medically based framework for informed consent may not be as familiar and appropriate for psychotherapy. These nuances do not diminish the need for informed consent but rather emphasize the distinctiveness of psychotherapy and necessity of adapting to this treatment modality. In this chapter, the informed consent process for psychotherapy is examined, detailing its historical development, legal and ethical foundations, as well as the subtleties and challenges regarding implementation.

Technology and the Ethical Practice of Reproductive Care

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-258
Author(s):  
Laura A. Sturgill ◽  
Sara G. Shields ◽  
Lucy M. Candib
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Centered Care

This chapter applies the lens of woman-centered care to examine the complexity of ethical decision making involving technology in contemporary reproductive health settings. It begins by situating the discussion within an international perspective, revealing that pregnancy is still a highly risky state globally for women, including risk of abuse from both within and outside healthcare. The model of woman-centered care is presented as an ethical strategy to approach a woman considering reproductive options and decisions. Using this model and a series of vignettes, ethical issues involving technology in routine reproductive care during key periods are examined, including contraception and adolescence, genetic screening, woman-centered care in childbirth, technology in labor (induction, informed consent, fetal monitoring), human rights during labor, and infant feeding. Solutions beyond technology are also offered.

scholarly journals Ethical Standards of Scientific Research for Beginning Accounting Scholars

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Cole Engel
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Easy Answer

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Analogous to public and private accounting practice, ethical scientific researchers must maintain the standards of honesty and objectivity as they carry out their scholarly pursuits. Any activities that compromise honesty and objectivity may introduce bias into research. Ethical considerations play a role in all research, and all investigators must be aware of and attend to the ethical considerations related to their studies. A foundation of trust is vital to scientific research. Nevertheless, ethical practice involves much more than merely following a set of guidelines. Ethical issues often have no easy answer. The issues are never black and white. Rather, they are various shades of grey. This article discusses how to ensure that all aspects of proposed research proceed with care and integrity and meet the ethical standards of scientific research.</span></p>

scholarly journals What Does Artificial Intelligence Mean for Oncologists?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gali Katznelson ◽  
Brandon Chan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Ethical Imperative ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Structural Inequities

Recent developments with artificial intelligence (AI) and cancer care suggest that AI has far reaching implications for the field. Such developments bring with them many ethical challenges for the oncologist. When integrating AI into patient care, oncologists can start with Beauchamp and Childress’ framework of biomedical ethics to consider ethical issues that AI can pose, such as challenges related to informed consent, preventing harm from bias, and the potential to reinforce structural inequities. In using AI, the greatest ethical imperative for the oncologist is to have an in-depth understanding of the technology being used. Understanding the AI being used in patient care will help oncologists navigate the myriad ethical problems associated with it.

Ethical issues experienced by healthcare workers in nursing homes

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah HL Preshaw ◽  
Kevin Brazil ◽  
Dorry McLaughlin ◽  
Andrea Frolic
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Nursing Assistants ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Staff Burnout

Background: Ethical issues are increasingly being reported by care-providers; however, little is known about the nature of these issues within the nursing home. Ethical issues are unavoidable in healthcare and can result in opportunities for improving work and care conditions; however, they are also associated with detrimental outcomes including staff burnout and moral distress. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to identify prior research which focuses on ethical issues in the nursing home and to explore staffs’ experiences of ethical issues. Methods: Using a systematic approach based on Aveyard (2014), a literature review was conducted which focused on ethical and moral issues, nurses and nursing assistants, and the nursing home. Findings: The most salient themes identified in the review included clashing ethical principles, issues related to communication, lack of resources and quality of care provision. The review also identified solutions for overcoming the ethical issues that were identified and revealed the definitional challenges that permeate this area of work. Conclusions: The review highlighted a need for improved ethics education for care-providers.

Ethical Standards of Practice in Neuropsychology

2012 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Greg J. Lamberty ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluation ◽  
Patient Report ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Measurement Selection ◽  
Diversity Issues ◽  
Release Of Information

Chapter 7 explores some of the more commonly encountered ethical issues that may arise during neuropsychological evaluation, including informed consent, test and measurement selection, cultural and diversity issues, release of information, the patient report, and feedback. Topics are presented across three chronological phases: pre-evaluation, evaluation proper, and post-evaluation.

Patient Protection and Paternalism in Psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Annoni
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Paternalistic Intervention

This chapter provides a synthetic overview of the ethics of paternalism in psychotherapy with a focus on involuntary hospitalization to protect patients from self-harm. Paternalism entails the intentional overriding of someone’s preferences or actions on grounds of beneficence and nonmaleficence. After the emergence of autonomy in medical ethics, paternalism is generally considered prima facie wrong, as it infringes on patient autonomy, trust, and right to informed consent. In particular, the use of paternalism in psychotherapy raises a host of complex and delicate ethical issues due to the nature of the therapeutic relationship and the difficulty to assess the autonomy of the person who will supposedly benefit from the paternalistic intervention.

Psychotherapy Integration as an Ethical Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin grosse Holtforth ◽  
Juan Martin Gómez Penedo ◽  
Cosima Locher ◽  
Charlotte Blease ◽  
Louis G. Castonguay
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Psychotherapy Integration ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrative Psychotherapy ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Integrative Therapy ◽  
Psychotherapy Practice ◽  
Clinical Responses

This chapter aims to analyze which ethical challenges clinicians face when practicing different forms of psychotherapy integration. With this purpose, the authors first define psychotherapy integration and differentiate four types of integrative approaches. Drawing on Beauchamp and Childress’s (2013) principles of biomedical ethics, the chapter highlights important common and particular ethical issues in the four types of integrationist psychotherapy practice. Finally, the authors frame questions for future research into integrative-psychotherapy ethics and consider possible clinical responses to ethics issues raised in integrative therapy.

scholarly journals Ethical Considerations in Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine: A Discussion Based on ‘The Belmont Report’

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miliva Mozaffor ◽  
Mariya Tabassum ◽  
Mohammad Tipu Sultan ◽  
Shamima Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Clinical Biochemistry ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Belmont Report ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Routine Work

With technical sophistication and innovation in the field of medical science, a considerable proportion of medical diagnosis now rely on laboratory analyses, which emphasises the crucial role of laboratory physicians in patient care. Sustaining high ethical standards remains crucial in both clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine, and several ethical dilemmas are faced by laboratory physicians in day-to-day practice. In a low-resource country like Bangladesh, formal ethics education or ethical framework in laboratory practice is still absent; ethics has not received that much attention it this field. This paper has considered ethical issues encountered during the daily routine work of laboratory physicians and specially focused on the ethical issues encountered during the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical phases of laboratory medicine practice and discuss those issues in light of ‘The Belmont Report’ (1978) perspective. It is not intended to be a comprehensive one, rather it aims to complement existing guidelines and documents that are available in some institutions and to offer a framework for addressing ethical issues encountered in the practice of clinical biochemistry and laboratory medicine in Bangladesh.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document