scholarly journals Ethical Standards of Scientific Research for Beginning Accounting Scholars

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Cole Engel
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Easy Answer

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Analogous to public and private accounting practice, ethical scientific researchers must maintain the standards of honesty and objectivity as they carry out their scholarly pursuits. Any activities that compromise honesty and objectivity may introduce bias into research. Ethical considerations play a role in all research, and all investigators must be aware of and attend to the ethical considerations related to their studies. A foundation of trust is vital to scientific research. Nevertheless, ethical practice involves much more than merely following a set of guidelines. Ethical issues often have no easy answer. The issues are never black and white. Rather, they are various shades of grey. This article discusses how to ensure that all aspects of proposed research proceed with care and integrity and meet the ethical standards of scientific research.</span></p>

Ethical Considerations for Psychophysiology Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Roger A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
British Psychological Society ◽  
The Uk

All psychology research should strictly adhere to ethical principles outlined by the researcher's local governing body. In the UK, this is the British Psychological Society (BPS). However, in papers advising on methodology used in psychophysiology (a research area within psychology), issues linked to ethics are rarely mentioned despite the invasive nature of this type of research. Guidelines published by local governing bodies are never mentioned. In this paper, important ethical issues in psychophysiology research are discussed with respect to BPS guidelines. Recommendations are made for ensuring ethical practice when conducting psychophysiology research. This paper is intended for those new to psychophysiology research (postgraduate and undergraduate students) and should be read in conjunction with the BPS ‘Code of ethics and conduct’.

scholarly journals Ethics for Laboratory Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M Gronowski ◽  
Melissa M Budelier ◽  
Sheldon M Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Practice

Abstract BACKGROUND Laboratory medicine, like other areas of medicine, is obliged to adhere to high ethical standards. There are particular ethical issues that are unique to laboratory medicine and other areas in which ethical issues uniquely impact laboratory practice. Despite this, there is variability in ethics education within the profession. This review provides a foundation for the study of ethics within laboratory medicine. CONTENT The Belmont Report identifies 3 core principles in biomedical ethics: respect for persons (including autonomy), beneficence (and its corollary nonmalfeasance), and justice. These core principles must be adhered to in laboratory medicine. Informed consent is vital to maintain patient autonomy. However, balancing patient autonomy with the desire for beneficence can sometimes be difficult when patients refuse testing or treatment. The use of leftover or banked samples is fundamental to the ability to do research, create reference intervals, and develop new tests, but it creates problems with consent. Advances in genetic testing have created unique ethical issues regarding privacy, incidental findings, and informed consent. As in other professions, the emergence of highly contagious and deadly infectious diseases poses a difficult ethical dilemma of helping patients while protecting healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS Although many clinical laboratorians do not see or treat patients, they must be held accountable to the highest ethical and professional behavior. Recognition and understanding of ethical issues are essential to ethical practice of laboratory medicine.

Students who Self-Injure: School Counselor Ethical and Legal Considerations

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2156759X0601000
Author(s):  
Victoria E. White Kress ◽  
Nicole Drouhard ◽  
Amanda Costin
Keyword(s):  
School Counselors ◽  
School Counselor ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
American School ◽  
Ethical And Legal Considerations

This article explores ethical considerations that school counselors may need to address when providing counseling services to self-injurious students. Ethical issues related to student confidentiality, responsibilities to parents and to the school, and professional competence are discussed in relation to the American School Counselor Association's (2004) Ethical Standards for School Counselors. Implications and recommendations for school counselors working with self-injurious students are provided.

scholarly journals Medical errors: Moral and ethical considerations

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Bonney
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Practical Implications

Medical errors are an inevitable part of the practice of medicine and pose a significant threat to the safety of patients. Improper management of healthcare professionals, clinical workflow processes, and information systems often leads to medical errors. Disclosure of medical errors to patients and family members serves as a catalyst for litigation and thus, the establishment of appropriate moral and ethical standards cannot be ignored when implementing solutions to remedy the situation. In this paper, a systematic literature review was used to explore and evaluate the moral and ethical issues that confront the healthcare industry as a result of medical errors. The practical implications of medical errors were also discussed.

Utilising Indigenous Knowledge or Crime against Humanity?: A Critical Engagement with the Debate Generated by Alick Macheso’s Use of Manhood to Treat Nhova (Sunken Fontanelle)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tembo ◽  
Allan Maganga ◽  
Peterson Dewah
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
African Ethics ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Face ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Points Of View

 This article presents various points of view regarding the treatment of sunken fontanelle by various communities as ignited by the controversial practice of kutara(a practice that involves the father of a child sliding his penis from the lower part of the left and right cheeks to the top of the head, as well as from the lower part of the face to the top of the head, and from the lower back part of the head to the top). The story of Alick Macheso’s use of his manhood to treat nhova (sunken fontanelle) opened a Pandora’s box. The story not only attracted the attention of critics from diverse cultural and ethical backgrounds, but revealed multi-ethnic positions. That is, reactions were steeped in a multiplicity of intellectual, religious and even cultural grounding. Reactions ranged from accusations of backwardness and absurdity, through to medical and Christian orientations toward the treatment of nhova. The overarching idea is that there is a general tendency to dismiss the age-old practice of kutara,coupled with an uncritical celebration of certain positions. The debate that ensued following publication of the story seemed to revolve around ethical considerations. The school of thought that dismisses kutara with disdain regards it as unethical and unimaginable in the present-day world—it is redolent with insinuations of absurdity on the part of those that live and celebrate it. We contend that the raging debate that followed the publication of the story can best be conceptualised within the context of African ethics. We note that kutara has relevance to the spirituality, ethical values, privacy, and protection of children’s rights, among other ethical issues. It is hoped that the article will stir further debate and encourage more research among information practitioners, scholars and researchers into the ethical issues surrounding the treatment of sunken fontanelle in various African communities. It argues for an Afrocentric conceptualisation of phenomena in order to contribute to debates on the renaissance of African cultures, and stresses that it is imperative to harness the life-furthering age-old traditions in African ontological existence.

Recruitment Policies of Non-EU/EEA Nurses and Ethical Issues

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angèle Flora Mendy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Ethical Argument ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Institutional Legacies

By examining policies of recruiting non-EU/EEA health workers and how ethical considerations are taken into account when employing non-EU/EEA nurses in the United Kingdom, France, and Switzerland, this chapter intends to show that the use of the so-called ‘ethical’ argument to convince national public opinion of the relevance of restrictive recruitment policies is recent (since the 1990s). The analysis highlights the fact that in addition to the institutional legacies, qualification and skills—through the process of their recognition—play an important role in the opening or restriction of the labour market to health professionals from the Global South. The legacy of the past also largely determines the place offered to non-EU/EEA health professionals in the different health systems of host countries.

scholarly journals Ethical Considerations on Pediatric Genetic Testing Results in Electronic Health Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
pp. 755-763
Author(s):  
Shibani Kanungo ◽  
Jayne Barr ◽  
Parker Crutchfield ◽  
Casey Fealko ◽  
Neelkamal Soares
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Genetic Results

Abstract Background Advances in technology and access to expanded genetic testing have resulted in more children and adolescents receiving genetic testing for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. With increased adoption of the electronic health record (EHR), genetic testing is increasingly resulted in the EHR. However, this leads to challenges in both storage and disclosure of genetic results, particularly when parental results are combined with child genetic results. Privacy and Ethical Considerations Accidental disclosure and erroneous documentation of genetic results can occur due to the nature of their presentation in the EHR and documentation processes by clinicians. Genetic information is both sensitive and identifying, and requires a considered approach to both timing and extent of disclosure to families and access to clinicians. Methods This article uses an interdisciplinary approach to explore ethical issues surrounding privacy, confidentiality of genetic data, and access to genetic results by health care providers and family members, and provides suggestions in a stakeholder format for best practices on this topic for clinicians and informaticians. Suggestions are made for clinicians on documenting and accessing genetic information in the EHR, and on collaborating with genetics specialists and disclosure of genetic results to families. Additional considerations for families including ethics around results of adolescents and special scenarios for blended families and foster minors are also provided. Finally, administrators and informaticians are provided best practices on both institutional processes and EHR architecture, including security and access control, with emphasis on the minimum necessary paradigm and parent/patient engagement and control of the use and disclosure of data. Conclusion The authors hope that these best practices energize specialty societies to craft practice guidelines on genetic information management in the EHR with interdisciplinary input that addresses all stakeholder needs.

Gated reverb: Queering the pitch in Trade Queen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Prout
Keyword(s):  
Sound Design ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Picket Fence

Director David Wagner says Trade Queen ‘was never intended to be a period film’. However, the suitability of black-and-white 35 mm for the story points to the inflection between markers of analogue and digital registration as one that also codes the boundary between queer and straight experience. This article argues that while Trade Queen is tagged as a film without dialogue, the use of sound design and music in the film is critical to a narrative told aurally as well as visually. Furthermore, it is the use of sound in this film – which ends with vinyl interference – that articulates the tension between analogue and digital, and between heteronormative and queer experience. In punchlines, the synthesized reverb of Ruby Treasure’s score, and in interiors heard from the gated picket fence, we hear as well as see the transitions between public and private selves.

Situating requests for medical aid in dying within the broader context of end-of-life care: ethical considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Seller ◽  
Marie-Ève Bouthillier ◽  
Veronique Fraser
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
Aid In Dying

BackgroundMedical aid in dying (MAiD) was introduced in Quebec in 2015. Quebec clinical guidelines recommend that MAiD be approached as a last resort when other care options are insufficient; however, the law sets no such requirement. To date, little is known about when and how requests for MAiD are situated in the broader context of decision-making in end-of-life care; the timing of MAiD raises potential ethical issues.MethodsA retrospective chart review of all MAiD requests between December 2015 and June 2017 at two Quebec hospitals and one long-term care centre was conducted to explore the relationship between routine end-of-life care practices and the timing of MAiD requests.ResultsOf 80 patients requesting MAiD, 54% (43) received the intervention. The median number of days between the request for MAiD and the patient’s death was 6 days. The majority of palliative care consults (32%) came less than 7 days prior to the MAiD request and in another 25% of cases occurred the day of or after MAiD was requested. 35% of patients had no level of intervention form, or it was documented as 1 or 2 (prolongation of life remains a priority) at the time of the MAiD request and 19% were receiving life-prolonging interventions.InterpretationWe highlight ethical considerations relating to the timing of MAiD requests within the broader context of end-of-life care. Whether or not MAiD is conceptualised as morally distinct from other end-of-life options is likely to influence clinicians’ approach to requests for MAiD as well as the ethical importance of our findings. We suggest that in the wake of the 2015 legislation, requests for MAiD have not always appeared to come after an exploration of other options as professional practice guidelines recommend.

The Ethics of Testing

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Garton
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Test Administration ◽  
Test Interpretation ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Test Usage

This paper is concerned with ethical issues in the practice and administration of tests. Some broad principles related to the knowledge required for test usage are described, together with the skills necessary for competent test use. Ethical practice in relation to test users, training in testing, test administration, test interpretation and test instruments is also examined. The focus then changes to a consideration of the more general ethical principles that apply to professional practice and are equally applicable to testing. A final section examines the relevance of these issues for career guidance practitioners and also some recent professional developments that will encourage ethical practice in testing.

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