Risk Factors of Pleuropericardial Effusion Among Pediatric Patients Initially Presenting With Pleural Effusion and Pericardial Effusion Alone

Pediatric emergency patients are vulnerable population and require special care or interventions. Nevertheless, there is limited data on the prevalence and risk factors for life-saving interventions. This study is a retrospective analytical study. The inclusion criteria were children aged 15 years or under who were triaged as level 1 or 2 and treated at the resuscitation room. Factors associated with LSI were executed by logistic regression analysis. During the study period, there were 22 759 ER visits by 14 066 pediatric patients. Of those, 346 patients (2.46%) met the study criteria. Triage level 1 accounted for 16.18% (56 patients) with 29 patients (8.38%) with LSI. Trauma was an independent factor for LSI with adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 4.37 (1.49, 12.76). In conclusion, approximately 8.38% of these patients required LSI. Trauma cause was an independent predictor for LSI.

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Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Pediatric Palliative Care Patients with Severe Neurological Impairment—A Scoping Literature Review and Case Reports

Children ◽

10.3390/children7120312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Maximilian David Mauritz ◽

Carola Hasan ◽

Larissa Alice Dreier ◽

Pia Schmidt ◽

Boris Zernikow

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Young Adults ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Case Reports ◽

Neurological Impairment ◽

Opioid Therapy ◽

Pediatric Palliative Care ◽

Severe Neurological Impairment

Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) addresses children, adolescents, and young adults with a broad spectrum of underlying diseases. A substantial proportion of these patients have irreversible conditions accompanied by Severe Neurological Impairment (SNI). For the treatment of pain and dyspnea, strong opioids are widely used in PPC. Nonetheless, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the opioid-related side effects in pediatric patients with SNI, particularly concerning Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression (OIRD). Research on pain and OIRD in pediatric patients with SNI is limited. Using scoping review methodology, we performed a systematic literature search for OIRD in pediatric patients with SNI. Out of n = 521 identified articles, n = 6 studies were included in the review. Most studies examined the effects of short-term intravenous opioid therapy. The incidence of OIRD varied between 0.13% and 4.6%; besides SNI, comorbidities, and polypharmacy were the most relevant risk factors. Additionally, three clinical cases of OIRD in PPC patients receiving oral or transdermal opioids are presented and discussed. The case reports indicate that the risk factors identified in the scoping review also apply to adolescents and young adults with SNI receiving low-dose oral or transdermal opioid therapy. However, the risk of OIRD should never be a barrier to adequate symptom relief. We recommend careful consideration and systematic observation of opioid therapy in this population of patients.

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Risk factors for the development of hypocalcemia in pediatric patients after total thyroidectomy – A systematic review

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110666 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 110666

Author(s):

Kung-Ting Kao ◽

Elspeth C. Ferguson ◽

Geoff Blair ◽

Neil K. Chadha ◽

Jean-Pierre Chanoine

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Total Thyroidectomy ◽

Pediatric Patients

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Risk Factors for 30-Day Unplanned Readmission After Hepatectomy: Analysis of 438 Pediatric Patients from the ACS-NSQIP-P Database

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11605-021-04995-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elise Kang ◽

John Inho Shin ◽

Adam D. Griesemer ◽

Steven Lobritto ◽

Dana Goldner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Unplanned Readmission ◽

Acs Nsqip

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What are the risk factors for admission to the pediatric intensive unit among pediatric patients with COVID-19?

Italian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s13052-021-01057-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Susanna Esposito ◽

Fabio Caramelli ◽

Nicola Principi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Ventricular Function ◽

Early Identification ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Service Planning ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Heart Involvement

Abstract Background Although with exceptions, evidence seems to indicate that children have lower susceptibility than adults to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. When infected, children generally remain asymptomatic or develop mild disease. A small number of pediatric cases required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), respiratory support with a mechanical ventilation and additional life-saving interventions. Even if rarely, death can occur. Aim of this manuscript is to highlight the risk factors associated with severe outcome among pediatric patients with COVID-19. Main findings Early identification of SARS-CoV-2-infected children at risk of developing severe COVID-19 is vital for service planning, as severely affected pediatric patients require high-quality care and should be followed only where an adequately structured PICU is available. However, early identification of children who must be carefully monitored for substantial risk of severe COVID-19 remains difficult. An underlying comorbidity and heart involvement are frequently observed in severe paediatric cases. Reduced left ventricular systolic function with an ejection fraction < 60%; diastolic dysfunction; and arrhythmias, including ST segment changes, QTc prolongation, and premature atrial or ventricular beat, are the earliest manifestations of heart involvement. Inclusion of heart enzyme serum levels and evaluation of ventricular function among predictive markers could lead to a more effective evaluation of children at risk with proper selection of those to admit to the PICU and with more adequate treatment in case of more severe clinical manifestations. Conclusions To appropriately manage severe pediatric COVID-19 cases, greater attention should be paid to risk factors in children and adolescents, especially to cardiovascular alterations (e.g., heart enzyme serum levels and evaluation of ventricular function). Further studies are needed and the development of a validated score based on all the most common presumed markers of disease severity seems essential.

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Risk Factors for Failure After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Pediatric Population: A Prediction Algorithm

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967121991165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 232596712199116

Author(s):

Nicholas J. Lemme ◽

Daniel S. Yang ◽

Brooke Barrow ◽

Ryan O’Donnell ◽

Alan H. Daniels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Cruciate Ligament ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Collateral Ligament ◽

Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ◽

Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in pediatric patients is becoming increasingly common. There is growing yet limited literature on the risk factors for revision in this demographic. Purpose: To (1) determine the rate of pediatric revision ACLR in a nationally representative sample, (2) ascertain the associated patient- and injury-specific risk factors for revision ACLR, and (3) examine the differences in the rate and risks of revision ACLR between pediatric and adult patients. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The PearlDiver patient record database was used to identify adult patients (age ≥20 years) and pediatric patients (age <20 years) who underwent primary ACLR between 2010 and 2015. At 5 years postoperatively, the risk of revision ACLR was compared between the adult and pediatric groups. ACLR to the contralateral side was also compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the significant risk factors for revision ACLR and the overall reoperation rates in pediatric and adult patients; from these risk factors, an algorithm was developed to predict the risk of revision ACLR in pediatric patients. Results: Included were 2055 pediatric patients, 1778 adult patients aged 20 to 29 years, and 1646 adult patients aged 30 to 39 years who underwent ACLR. At 5 years postoperatively, pediatric patients faced a higher risk of revision surgery when compared with adults (18.0 % vs 9.2% [adults 20-29 years] and 7.1% [adults 30-39 years]; P < .0001), with significantly decreased survivorship of the index ACLR ( P < .0001; log-rank test). Pediatric patients were also at higher risk of undergoing contralateral ACLR as compared with adults (5.8% vs 1.6% [adults 20-29 years] and 1.9% [adults 30-39 years]; P < .0001). Among the pediatric cohort, boys (odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63-0.96; P = .0204) and patients >14 years old (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.86; P = .0035) had a decreased risk of overall reoperation; patients undergoing concurrent meniscal repair (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.43-2.38; P < .0001) or meniscectomy (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.72-2.82; P < .0001) had an increased risk of revision surgery. According to the risk algorithm, the highest probability for revision ACLR was in girls <15 years old with concomitant meniscal and medial collateral ligament injury (36% risk of revision). Conclusion: As compared with adults, pediatric patients had an increased likelihood of revision ACLR, contralateral ACLR, and meniscal reoperation within 5 years of an index ACLR. Families of pediatric patients—especially female patients, younger patients, and those with concomitant medial collateral ligament and meniscal injuries—should be counseled on such risks.

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