Relationship of Smoking to Cardiovascular Disease and Peripheral Vascular Disease

1968 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth L. Bush ◽  
Michael A. Kallen ◽  
Debra R. Liles ◽  
Jeffrey T. Bates ◽  
Laura A. Petersen

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 0691-0697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Howell ◽  
Mary Paula Colgan ◽  
Richard W. Seeger ◽  
Don E. Ramsey ◽  
David S. Sumner

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-231
Author(s):  
Scot Walker

Migraine is a common disorder affecting 12% of the US population. Use of triptans results in migraine pain relief within 2 hours in 16% to 51% of patients. However, due to their vasoconstrictive properties, triptans are contraindicated in patients with cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and uncontrolled hypertension because of the potential for ischemia. This article will review 2 new classes of drugs being developed for the treatment of acute migraine without vasoconstrictive effects.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
Made Ayu Lely Suratri

Periodontitis is a disease of periodontal tissue that has affected the supporting tissues of teeth due to plaque accumulation. The prevalence of periodontitis in people aged ≥ 15 years according to the data Riskesdas 2018 is 67.8%, this means that of ten Indonesians as many as 7 people who suffer from periodontitis. The prevalence of hypertension in the world continues to increase, and is a risk factor for various diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and kidney failure. The results of the Riskesdas 2018 showed an increase in hypertension prevalence from 25.8% in 2013 to 34.1% in 2018. Reported periodontal disease can cause an increased risk of non-communicable diseases including hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hypertension on the incidence of periodontal tissue disease (periodontitis) in Indonesian community. The research method is a further analysis of the data Riskesdas 2018 with cross sectional design and non-intervention. The research sample is all household members in selected households. The sample analyzed was household members aged 15 years and over who did the right habit of brushing their teeth. The dental and oral health data collection was carried out through interviews and examinations on the periodontal tissue status, while for hypertension by blood pressure measurement. Further analysis of this data was carried out univariate, bivariate and multivariate. The results showed that respondents in the 26-45 years age group had a significant relationship with periodontitis, with a p-value<0.05(p=0.046). There was no significant relationship between hypertension and periodontal tissue disease (periodontitis), with a p-value> 0.005 (p = 0.926). Conclusion, that periodontal disease is mostly found at a young age, it is known that more women than men, more respondents who work and who live in urban areas. There is no significant relationship between periodontal disease and hypertension. Hypertension has no effect on the incidence of periodontal tissue disease in respondents who brush their teeth correctly. Keywords: influence, hypertension, periodontitis, community Abstrak Periodontitis merupakan penyakit pada jaringan periodontal yang sudah mengenai jaringan pendukung gigi akibat akumulasi plak. Prevalensi periodontitis pada masyarakat usia ≥ 15 tahun menurut data Riskesdas 2018 adalah 67,8% ini berarti dari sepuluh orang penduduk Indonesia sebanyak 7 orang yang menderita periodontitis. Prevalensi hipertensi di dunia terus meningkat, dan merupakan faktor risiko berbagai penyakit antara lain cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, peripheral vascular disease, dan penyakit gagal ginjal. Hasil Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan prevalensi hipertensi dari 25,8 % pada tahun 2013 menjadi 34,1 % pada tahun 2018. Dilaporkan penyakit periodontal dapat menyebabkan peningkatan risiko penyakit tidak menular termasuk hipertensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipertensi terhadap kejadian penyakit jaringan periodontal (periodontitis) pada masyarakat di Indonesia. Metode penelitian merupakan analisis lanjut data Riskesdas 2018 dengan disain potong lintang (cross sectional) dan non intervensi. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh anggota rumah tangga (ART) dalam rumah tangga terpilih. Sampel yang dianalisis adalah anggota rumah tangga berusia 15 tahun keatas yang melakukan kebiasaan menggosok gigi dengan benar. Pelaksanaan pengumpulan data kesehatan gigi dan mulut dilakukan melalui wawancara dan pemeriksaan pada status jaringan periodontal, sedangkan untuk hipertensi dengan melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah. Analisis lanjut data ini dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden pada kelompok umur 26-45 tahun terdapat hubungan yang signikan dengan periodontitis, dengan p-value < 0,05 (p=0,046). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara hipertensi dengan penyakit jaringan periodontal (periodontitis), dengan p-value > 0,005 (p=0,926). Kesimpulan, penyakit periodontal banyak ditemukan pada usia muda, diketahui perempuan lebih banyak dari pada laki-laki, lebih banyak pada responden yang bekerja dan yang tinggal di perkotaan. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara hipertensi dengan penyakit periodontal. Hipertensi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit jaringan periodontal pada responden yang mengosok gigi dengan benar. Kata kunci: pengaruh,hipertensi,periodontitis, masyarakat


1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Kasiske ◽  
C Guijarro ◽  
Z A Massy ◽  
M R Wiederkehr ◽  
J Z Ma

Although cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation, its pathogenesis and treatment are poorly understood. We conducted separate analyses of risk factors for ischemic heart disease, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease after 706 renal transplants, all of which functioned for at least 6 months. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to examine the effects of multiple pretransplant and posttransplant risk factors and included time-dependent variables measured at 3, 6, and 12 months, and annually to last follow-up at 7.0 +/- 4.2 yr. The independent relative risk (RR) of diabetes was 3.25 for ischemic heart disease, 3.21 for cerebral vascular disease, and 28.18 peripheral vascular disease (P < 0.05). The RR of each acute rejection episode was 1.40 for ischemic heart disease and 1.24 for cerebral vascular disease. Among serum lipid levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was the best predictor of ischemic heart disease (RR = 0.80 for each 10 mg/dL). Posttransplant ischemic heart disease was strongly predictive of cerebral (5.80) and peripheral vascular disease (5.22), whereas ischemic heart disease was predicted by posttransplant cerebral (8.25) and peripheral vascular disease (4.58). Other risk factors for vascular disease included age, gender, cigarette smoking, pretransplant splenectomy, and serum albumin. Hypertension and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had no effect, perhaps because of aggressive pharmacologic treatment. Thus, the incidence of cardiovascular disease continues to be high after renal transplantation, and multiple risk factors suggest a number of possible strategies for more effective treatment and prevention.


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