scholarly journals Early mammalian development: from basic research to the clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4-5) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Suwińska ◽  
Anna Ajduk
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Totipotent Cell ◽  
Early Mammalian Development ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development

Preimplantation embryonic development lays the foundations for the future individual. Fertilization, cleavage, differentiation of the first embryonic cell lineages and implantation of the embryo into the maternal uterus are absolutely critical for proper embryogenesis. Solving unanswered questions as well as creating new ideas and theories constitute the main axis of the basic research, which is driven by the curiosity of scientists and their desire to explore the unknown. We researchers have been exploring the development of mammalian embryos for decades, searching for the answer to the most fundamental question in the whole area of biology: how a complex organism derives from a single totipotent cell, a zygote. Due to obvious ethical concerns, animals, such as mice and, currently more and more often, cattle, pigs and rabbits, have become useful models for studying human embryonic development. Unprecedented advancement in cell and molecular biology techniques witnessed in the last years allows us to deepen our understanding of mammalian embryonic development.

scholarly journals Time-resolved succession of epigenetic regulation during early mammalian development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebing Chen ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Shuai Jiang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Wanying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Early Mammalian Development ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development ◽  
Accessible Chromatin

During early mammalian embryonic development, different epigenetic mechanisms undergo dramatic changes; yet how these interconnected epigenetic layers function together to coordinate expression of the genetic code in a spatiotemporal manner remains unknown. Here, we describe a time-resolved study of the hierarchy of epigenetic marks and events, which we used to model transcriptional programs that cannot be understood by investigating steady state. We found that, following fertilization, the re-establishment of accessible chromatin together with transcription factors inherited from oocytes initiates transcription at the 2-cell stage, and then the introduction of active histone modification, H3K4me3, facilitates gene up-regulation at the 4-cell stage, then stabilization of higher-order chromatin structures at the 8-cell stage further enhances transcriptional activity. During the first lineage specification at ICM, transcription activity multifaceted regulation of epigenetic marks. Finally, we quantitatively model the stage succession of different epigenetic marks on transcriptional programs during early embryonic development.

scholarly journals Features of DNA Repair in the Early Stages of Mammalian Embryonic Development

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Khokhlova ◽  
Zoia S. Fesenko ◽  
Julia V. Sopova ◽  
Elena I. Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Genomic Integrity ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Disparate Data ◽  
Mammalian Embryonic Development

Cell repair machinery is responsible for protecting the genome from endogenous and exogenous effects that induce DNA damage. Mutations that occur in somatic cells lead to dysfunction in certain tissues or organs, while a violation of genomic integrity during the embryonic period often leads to death. A mammalian embryo’s ability to respond to damaged DNA and repair it, as well as its sensitivity to specific lesions, is still not well understood. In this review, we combine disparate data on repair processes in the early stages of preimplantation development in mammalian embryos.

Symmetry Breaking in the Mammalian Embryo

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ting Zhang ◽  
Takashi Hiiragi
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Model System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

We present an overview of symmetry breaking in early mammalian development as a continuous process from compaction to specification of the body axes. While earlier studies have focused on individual symmetry-breaking events, recent advances enable us to explore progressive symmetry breaking during early mammalian development. Although we primarily discuss embryonic development of the mouse, as it is the best-studied mammalian model system to date, we also highlight the shared and distinct aspects between different mammalian species. Finally, we discuss how insights gained from studying mammalian development can be generalized in light of self-organization principles. With this review, we hope to highlight new perspectives in studying symmetry breaking and self-organization in multicellular systems.

scholarly journals STAT signaling is active during early mammalian development

1997 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Duncan ◽  
Zhong Zhong ◽  
Zilong Wen ◽  
James E. Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Stat Signaling ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

scholarly journals Heat shock proteins and their role in early mammalian development

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Walsh ◽  
Marshall J Edwards MJ ◽  
Murray SR Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

ISOLATION AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL-LINEAGE MUTANTS OF THE NEMATODE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Robert Horvitz ◽  
John E Sulston
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Recessive Mutations

ABSTRACT Twenty-four mutants that alter the normally invariant post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been isolated and genetically characterized. In some of these mutants, cell divisions fail that occur in wild-type animals; in other mutants, cells divide that do not normally do so. The mutants differ in the specificities of their defects, so that it is possible to identify mutations that affect some cell lineages but not others. These mutants define 14 complementation groups, which have been mapped. The abnormal phenotype of most of the cell-lineage mutants results from a single recessive mutation; however, the excessive cell divisions characteristic of one strain, CB1322, require the presence of two unlinked recessive mutations. All 24 cell-lineage mutants display incomplete penetrance and/or variable expressivity. Three of the mutants are suppressed by pleiotropic suppressors believed to be specific for null alleles, suggesting that their phenotypes result from the complete absence of gene activity.

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