scholarly journals Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus variant strain from an outbreak in egg-layer flocks in Baghdad, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1358-1362
Author(s):  
Abdullah O. Alhatami ◽  
Furkan Alaraji ◽  
Husam Muhsen Abdulwahab ◽  
Yahia Ismail Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Good Strategy ◽  
Virus Variant ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
The North ◽  
Virus Strains

Background and Aim: Infectious bronchitis (IB) has an influential economic impact on the poultry industry, causing huge losses each year due to the condemnation of infected chickens. Despite the use of many kinds of vaccines in Iraq, it is common to find IB problems in vaccinated chickens. Information about the strains that affect Iraqi chickens is very limited. Therefore, we aimed to detect the currently circulating strains of IB virus that cause frequent outbreaks in egg layers despite the use of vaccination against the virus. Materials and Methods: Isolate detection, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed using a rapid IB virus antigen kit (32 tracheal swabs), flinders technology associates (FTA) card (32 tracheal swabs), and partial gene sequencing (16 positive FTA samples). Results: The isolated strain was different from other strains, especially the strain isolated in the North of Iraq (Sulemania Strain) and shares 98% homology with an Israeli strain (Israel variant 2, IS 1494). Conclusion: Although more studies are needed to detect IB virus strains circulating in Iraq, this work lays the foundation for making a good strategy to control the disease and selecting vaccines that should be used in farms.

scholarly journals Increased expression of Interleukin-6 related to nephritis in chickens challenged with an Avian infectious bronchitis virus variant

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe S. Fernando ◽  
Cintia H. Okino ◽  
Ketherson R. Silva ◽  
Camila C. Fernandes ◽  
Mariana C.M. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Virus Variant ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

A Brazilian field isolate (IBV/Brazil/PR05) of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), associated with development of nephritis in chickens, was previously genotyped as IBV variant after S1 gene sequencing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of IL-6 in kidneys and trachea of birds vaccinated and challenged with IBV/Brazil/PR05 strain, correlating these results with scores of microscopic lesions, specific IBV antigen detection and viral load. The up-regulation of IL-6 and the increased levels of viral load on renal and tracheal samples were significantly correlated with scores of microscopic lesions. Reduced levels of viral load were detected in kidneys of birds previously vaccinated and challenged, compared to non-vaccinated challenged group, although markedly microscopic lesions were observed for both groups. The expression of IL-6, present both in the kidney and in the tracheas, was dependent on the load of the virus present in the tissue, and the development of lesions was related with IL-6 present in the tissues. These data suggest that variant IBV/Brazil/PR05 can induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in a manner correlated with viral load and increased IL-6 is involved in the tissue with the influx of inflammatory cells and subsequent nephritis. This may contribute with a model to the development of immunosuppressive agents of IL-6 to prevent acute inflammatory processes against infection with IBV and perhaps other coronaviruses, as well as contribute to the understanding of the immunopathogenesis of IBV nephropatogenic strains.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Viruses Recently Isolated in South Korea Reveals Multiple Introductions of GI-19 Lineage (QX Genotype)

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Chae Lee ◽  
Sol Jeong ◽  
Andrew Y. Cho ◽  
Kyu-Jik Kim ◽  
Jun-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
The Past

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was first identified in the 1930s and it imposes a major economic burden on the poultry industry. In particular, GI-19 lineage has spread globally and has evolved constantly since it was first detected in China. In this study, we analyzed S1 gene sequences from 60 IBVs isolated in South Korea. Two IBV lineages, GI-15 and GI-19, were identified in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that there were six distinct subgroups (KM91-like, K40/09-like, and QX-like I to IV) of the South Korean GI-19 IBVs. Among them, QX-type III and IV subgroups, which are phylogenetically different from those reported in South Korea in the past, accounted for more than half of the total. Moreover, the phylogeographic analysis of the QX-like subgroups indicated at least four distinct introductions of GI-19 IBVs into South Korea during 2001–2020. The efficacy of commercialized vaccines against the recently introduced QX-like subgroups should be verified, and continuous international surveillance efforts and quarantine procedures should be enhanced to prevent the incursion of viruses.

scholarly journals Survey on circulation of infectious bronchitis virus strains in Northern Italy

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-311
Author(s):  
Calogero Terregino ◽  
Maria Serena Beato ◽  
Giovanni Ortali ◽  
Cristian De Battisti ◽  
Alessandra Drago
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Virus Strains
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