scholarly journals TEKNOLOGI PIRAMIDA GEN TANAMAN PADI DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM GLOBAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Fatimah ◽  
Joko Prasetiyono ◽  
Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Gene Pyramid ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing

In the attempt to maintain and hopefully increase national rice production, it is necessary to prepare agriculture sector in facing the impacts of climate change, land degradation, dry land, flooding, slowing production, and population growth rate. Adaptation efforts play an important role in ensuring the sustainability of food security. The development of adaptive rice varieties to abiotic stresses specifically drought and submergence stresses are expected to minimize damage, survive stress, continue to grow and produce. Development of Inpari 30 rice varieties tolerant to submergence to drought tolerant to have a broader spectrum of tolerance through marker-assisted backcrossing methods with the gene pyramid approach. The development of new variety using Inpari 30 as the background is one of the applications of pyramiding gene in Indonesia. Combining conventional breeding with molecular markers and phenotypic selection (drought and submergence) is expected to produce rice lines tolerant to drought and submergence with stabil yields and accelerate the homozygosity of the genome in the third generation. This is an alternative solution to dealing with climate change to support the national food security program.  

scholarly journals Drought-tolerant Varieties as an Adaptation Strategy in the Context of Climate Change: Insight from Maize Production Systems in Benin

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nasser Baco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Previous studies suggested that maize is set to become a cash crop while ensuring food security better than any other crop. However, climate change has become one of the key production constraints that are now hampering and threatening the sustainability of maize production systems. We conducted a study to better understand changes here defined as adaptations made by smallholder farmers to ensure food security and improve income through maize production in a climate change context. Our results show that maize farmers in northern Benin mainly rely on traditional seeds. Drought as abiotic stress is perceived by farmers in many agro-ecological zones as a disruptive factor for crop production, including maize. When drought is associated with pest damages, both the quantity (i.e. yield) and the quality (i.e. attributes) of products/harvests are negatively affected. The adverse effects of drought continue to reduce production in different agro-ecological zones of the country, because of the lack of widespread adoption of tolerant varieties. The study suggests actions towards the production of drought-tolerant maize seeds, a promotion of seed companies, the organization of actors and value chains. Apart from climate change, the promotion of value chains is also emerging as one of the important aspects to take into account to sustain maize production in Benin.

scholarly journals Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a drought tolerant and food security crop

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozipho M. Motsa ◽  
Albert T. Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Sweet potato is an important ‘indigenised’ root crop in South Africa. It features prominently in smallholder cropping systems because of its versatility, drought tolerance and positive role in food security. It outranks most staple crops in vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and protein content. Much information is available on sweet potato as a drought tolerant and food security crop, but critical reviews that link its drought tolerance with food security are lacking. We review sweet potato as a food security crop, focusing on mechanisms associated with drought. We conclude that the crop has great potential in the light of imminent challenges associated with drought as a negative effect of climate change.

scholarly journals SHORT COMMUNICATION: ADDRESSING VULNERABILITY OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
A. Raza ◽  
M. Imtiaz ◽  
Z. Ali ◽  
S. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

Agriculture sector, being the dominant user of fresh water (70%) is highly vulnerable to climate change in Pakistan. Increase in frequency of floods and drought, rising temperatures and changes in rainfall pattern across the country during the recent years are clear indicators of changing climate. Climate change has serious repercussions for national food security as farmers have limited knowledge and technologies for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on crop productivity. This situation is expected to decrease yield of major food crops. There exists dire need to make an intensive analysis of situation to identify existing knowledge and technology gaps and suggest doable measures for multiple stake holders like policy makers, scientists and farmers accordingly. This review paper covers the impact of climate change on agriculture and presents strategies to adapt to climate change. Strategies at policy/government level include increased funds for research, improvement of national capacity building (training of trainers) and development of a localized smart early warning system for climate change related events. Key research areas being identified to address vulnerability include development of innovative water use efficient technologies, zone specific agronomic research, applied root research, organic farming to increase soil resilience and research on ground water recharge and quality using simulation models. Farmers shall be sensitized about the issue of climate change through education and every effort shall be made to make proper use of existing farm resources and technologies to live with the changing climate so that national food security is not compromised.

Food Security in a Changing Climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (4II) ◽  
pp. 815-816
Author(s):  
M. E. Tusneem
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Marginal Production ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Semi Arid

Agriculture sector is more vulnerable to climate change than other sectors of the economy as climate change is expected to cause higher variability in rainfall pattern, general reduction in precipitation in the arid and semi-arid regions and increase in the frequency of extreme events such as drought, floods, heat and frost. Agriculture production systems, therefore, have to cope with more variability in river water flows and temperature regimes, making food security susceptible to these variation. The less privileged people/farmers who are often located in the marginal production areas such as rainfed, coastal, and mountenace, are likely to be affected more by climate variability whether drought or floods, heat or frost. These changes in climate enhance the risk of crop failures and livestock morality thereby causing financial and economic losses and the risk of food insecurity.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Food Security in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Nasir Munir ◽  
Adiqa Kiani ◽  
Asia Baig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Climate change has a severe impact on the accessibility of various resources on earth. The present study determines the impact of climate change on food availability for 27 years from 1990-2016. An ARDL model is used in order to find out the long-run and short-run relationships. The result shows that average temperature shows a negative relationship with food security, as the temperature is increasing the food security is decreasing Food security has a positive relation with agriculture credit since as the agriculture credit increases it will increase the production of agriculture sector which in result increase the supply of food and increase the food security in the country. Fertilizer consumption also has a positive effect on food availability, which is obvious as more and more food is provided with the increased use of fertilizer.

scholarly journals Financing Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems in Asia and the Pacific

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted food security issues and nutrition gaps in Asia and the Pacific, where various risks and fragilities have continually affected the food and agriculture sector. There is a clear need to integrate sustainable management of natural resources, nutritional considerations, and the economic dimensions of food supply chains to enhance resilience and mitigate climate change. This publication explores how innovative financing and transformative knowledge solutions can help address the financing gaps and other challenges of food systems in the region.

scholarly journals The Use of Small Grains for Food Security and Climate Compliant In Dry Regions of Zimbabwe: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Sakadzo N. ◽  
Kugedera A. T.
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Total Crop ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Sub Saharan

Climate change has brought issues of total crop failure in dry regions in Zimbabwe as evidenced by total crop failure in 2010, 2015 and 2017 in some parts of Chivi which is one of the driest area in Zimbabwe. The paper highlights the use of small grains for food security and climate compliant in dry regions of Zimbabwe. This brings in an idea of growing small grain by farmers as means of improving food production in dry areas such as Chivi, Mwenezi and Chiredzi districts. Cereal production growth in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to decline by a net 3.2 percent in 2050 as a result of climate change. To mitigate this risk, there is need to improve productivity of small grains as climate compliant crops which can ameliorate poverty in Zimbabwe. Small grains are drought tolerant and perform better in dry regions than any other cereal crops. Sorghum and millet have the potential to contribute to food security to the world’s poorest agro-ecological regions.

scholarly journals Mechanical drying of paddy using BAU-STR dryer for reducing drying losses in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Alam ◽  
CK Saha ◽  
MM Alam
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Drying Technology

Mechanical intervention in each stage of post-harvest operation of paddy is time demand due to increased cost of labour as well as shifting of labour from agriculture to non-agriculture sector. Mitigation of food demand of rapidly increasing population is becoming a major future challenge in agriculture sector. Drying of paddy is important for maintaining quality and long term storage of paddy. Among the drying methods, traditional sun drying is the most common practice in Bangladesh. Normally, farmers use yard in wet season (Boro & Aus) and field in dry season (Aman) to dry paddy. In this case, appropriate paddy drying technology could play a vital role to strengthen food security by reducing drying loss. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the drying loss of paddy both in traditional sun drying and mechanized drying method (BAU-STR dryer) at selected areas of Bangladesh. Popular and mega rice varieties cv. BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan49 were used as drying materials to evaluate the performance of BAU-STR dryer with different dryer capacity i.e. 300, 400, 500 and 600 kg of paddy per batch. Drying losses of BAU-STR dryer were examined during Boro and Aman season of 2015 and 2016 whereas drying losses under open sun drying method was measured during Aman season 2017 in the selected areas of Tangail, Mymensingh, Netrokona and Jessore districts of Bangladesh. The results showed that the average drying loss of paddy in BAU-STR dryer was found 0.48% and 0.36% during Boro and Aman seasons, respectively at 2015 and 2016 while sun drying loss at farmer’s field level was found 3.95, 3.24, 2.98 2.41 and 3.04% in Tangail, Mymensingh (Phulpur), Mymensingh (BAU), Netrokona and Jessore districts, respectively. The low cost BAU-STR dryer would be an alternative and effective drying technology to save 1.4 MMT of paddy by reducing 2.7% losses of national production (51.87 MMT) for combating hunger and improving food security in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 42-50, 2019

Development of New Drought Tolerant Breeding Lines for Vietnam Using Marker-Assisted Backcrossing

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thu Ha ◽  
Do Tan Khang ◽  
Phung Thi Tuyen ◽  
Tran Bao Toan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Huong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing ◽  
Recipient Parent

Development of drought tolerant high-yielding varieties is essential because increased areas are subject to drought in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. The purpose of this experiment was developed using IR75499-73-1-B as drought tolerant donor and OMCS2000 as a recipient parent basis of a phenotypic and molecular marker for BC2F2 generation. Seven markers (RM219, RM201 RM105, RM23602, RM23877, RM24103 and RM328) were used for a idifying to drought tolerant. Primer RM23877 detected the highest number of lines as homozygous donor alleles (11 lines), followed by RM105 and RM201 (9 lines). The drought gene was introgressed into the new breeding lines. The plant height, number of tillers, and filled grain had positive correlation with yield/hill under drought stress. The lines BC2F2-45 and BC2F2-54 developed as drought tolerant, and gave high yield. This is an opportunity to improve breeding for high yield and drought tolerant rice varieties in Vietnam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document