scholarly journals Economic losses in forest management due to errors in inventory data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (318) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roope Ruotsalainen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inventory Data

Economic losses in carbon forestry due to errors in inventory data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roope Ruotsalainen ◽  
Timo Pukkala ◽  
Annika Kangas ◽  
Mari Myllymäki ◽  
Petteri Packalen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Forest Inventory Data

Forestry can help to mitigate climate change by storing carbon in trees, forest soils and wood products. Forest owners can be subsidized if forestry removes carbon from the atmosphere and taxed if forestry produces emissions. Errors in forest inventory data can lead to losses in net present value (NPV) if management prescriptions are selected based on erroneous data but not on correct data. This study assesses the effect of inventory errors on economic losses in forest management when the objective is to maximize the total NPV of timber production and carbon payments. Errors similar as in airborne laser scanning based forest inventory were simulated in stand attributes with a vine copula approach and nearest neighbor method. Carbon payments were based on the total carbon balance of forestry (incl. trees, soil and wood-based products) and calculations were carried out for 30 years using carbon prices of € 0, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 t-1. The results revealed that increasing the carbon price and decreasing the level of errors led to decreased losses in NPV. The inclusion of carbon payments for the maximization of the NPV decreased the effect of errors on the losses, which suggests that the value of collecting more accurate forest inventory data may decrease when the carbon price increases.

scholarly journals The pertinent role of forest inventory in making choice of silvicultural operations in community forests of Nepal

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Baral ◽  
H. Vacik ◽  
B. B. K. Chhetri ◽  
K. Gauli
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Stand Conditions

This paper explores the application of forest inventory to design silvicultural operations and its implementation to community forests. Four-time series forest inventory data (2005, 2010, 2013 and 2016) of Terai community forests were analysed, focusing on the type and size of tree removals from the forests. In addition, content analysis of the management plans of the forests was carried out and consultations were held with key informants. Though the forest inventory was prepared during the preparation of management plans, the results did not provide proper guidance on the selection of silvicultural operations, which were decided without a clear definition of the management objectives. They were very generic and largely ignored site-specific forest stand conditions. Most commonly practised silvicultural operations were cleaning and selective harvesting, which were similar for all forest blocks, though they varied in respect of forest stand conditions. The time series analysis of the inventory data showed that pole-sized trees were consistently removed in all four periods and emphasis was on extracting good quality trees without considering its effects on the stand. The study concludes that the current forest inventory is not very relevant in making a choice about silvicultural operations and the current practices might cause economic and ecological losses. Hence, we argued for identifying minimum forest management requirement necessary for the sustainable forest management that the silvicultural operations should be decided based on the management objectives and conditions of the forest, considering the ecological and economic value of the forest. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page : 65-75

scholarly journals Reconstructing past forest status using inventory and tree ring data to support uneven-aged forest management

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Kulla ◽  
Michal Bošeľa ◽  
Vlastimil Murgaš ◽  
Joerg Roessiger ◽  
Vladimír Šebeň
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Management System ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Forest Status

Abstract The decision to change forest management system from the traditional even-aged to the selection one based on statistical inventory is often limited by a missing previous inventory. To avoid this issue, we used available forest inventory data from ca 2 000 ha of mixed uneven-aged beech-fir-spruce-pine forest and tree ring data from 831 trees to reconstruct forest status from one decade ago. For this purpose, we have created three sets of species-specific models: 1) diameter-stump models to reconstruct the diameter of missing trees, 2) diameter-increment models based on tree ring data to estimate past diameters, and 3) height-diameter models to estimate past tree heights. This approach has allowed us to completely reconstruct the state of the forest as it was ten years ago and use the results as a substitution for a previously missing inventory.

scholarly journals The main costs of natural disasters in the Forest District of Węgierska Górka

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
Adam Tomasz Sikora ◽  
Joanna Ukalska
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Forest District

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact of increased forest management due to natural disasters on particular core unit costs. We analysed the direct costs for the Forest District of Węgierska Górka in the years 2004-2010 based on information from the State Forests lnformation System (SFIS) database compared with selected forest districts within the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Cracow (RDSF). The forest districts were divided into two groups with two and six forest districts and confidence intervals around the mean were determined and the significance of linear regressions of the considered characteristics was tested. Additionally, the growth rate (decrease) of the unit cost was calculated. Our studies showed that natural disasters affect only certain unit costs regardless of the intensity of the forest management. The increase in unit costs resulted in economic losses in forest management. A full long-term analysis of the economic impact of natural disasters should be done, taking into account the cost of reforestation of destroyed areas which may become apparent only some years later.

Optimal timber harvest scheduling under harvest volume constraints: a comparison of two opportunity cost criteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen W. Armstrong ◽  
William E. Phillips ◽  
James A. Beck Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Harvest Scheduling ◽  
Ranking Criterion ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Harvest Volume ◽  
Priority Criterion ◽  
Site Classes

A simple model is developed to determine the economically optimal combination of stands to harvest in a period when there are periodic maximum harvest volume constraints. The model is formulated using concepts developed in the Faustmann optimum forest rotation model. The objective function minimizes the net opportunity cost of delayed harvest. For each stand in the forest, the model is used to determine if the stand should be harvested this period or if the harvest decision should be deferred to the next period. In the typical exposition of the Faustmann model, the opportunity costs of delayed harvest are expressed per unit area. Because of this, and the spatial orientation of forest management, it is tempting to use costs per hectare to set harvest priority. However, when harvests are constrained by some maximum harvest volume, costs per unit volume are the appropriate criterion to use. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the economic losses resulting from the use of the inappropriate priority criterion. The model is applied to a study area in Saskatchewan. As well as demonstrating the economic losses, the study shows that a much wider variety of species associations and site classes are scheduled for harvest when the volume-based ranking criterion is used. This mix of harvested species and sites is consistent with the observed behaviour of firms. It has been argued elsewhere that this behaviour is due largely to government-imposed behaviour (e.g., operating ground rules) or to the spatial considerations of forest management. We suggest here that at least some of this behaviour can be attributed to optimal response to harvest volume constraints.

Construction of Variable-Density Empirical Yield Equations from Forest Management Inventory Data

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
David K. Walters ◽  
Alan R. Ek ◽  
David Czysz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
Forest Owner ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
Or Manager

Abstract Using simple concepts, forest management inventory data, and microcomputers for analysis, methodology is described whereby a forest owner or manager can construct yield equations quickly and economically. Models such as these should adequately explain the average yield trends in the data and can be adjusted, through the use of ratios, to specific stand information. Steps and cautions in choice of model form, data aggregation, and fitting procedure are discussed and illustrated. Assumptions and procedures for model implementation are also described. North. J. Appl. For. 7:110-113, September 1990.

scholarly journals Assessment of MODIS NPP algorithm-based estimates using soil fertility and forest inventory data in mixed hemiboreal forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mait Lang ◽  
Raimo Kõlli ◽  
Maris Nikopensius ◽  
Tiit Nilson ◽  
Mathias Neumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Area Of Interest

Abstract Optical remote sensing data-based estimates of terrestrial net primary production (NPP) are released by different projects using light use efficiency-type models. Although spatial resolution of the NPP data sets is still too coarse (500–1000 m) for single forest stands, regional monitoring of forest management and growth with 25–100 ha sampling units is feasible if the NPPSAT estimates are sensitive to forest growth differences depending on soil fertility in the area of interest. In this study, NPP estimates for 2,914 mixed forest class pixels (according to the MODIS land cover map) located in Estonia were (1) obtained from three different NPPSAT products, (2) calculated using an empirical soil potential phytoproductivity (SPP) model applied to a 1:10,000 soil map (NPPSPP), and (3) calculated using stem volume increment estimates given in a forest management inventory data base (NPPFIDB). A linear multiple regression model was then used to explore the relationships of NPPSAT with the proportion of coniferous forests, the NPPSPP and distance of the pixels from the Baltic Sea coast – the variables that have been found informative in previous studies. We found a positive moderate correlation (0.57, p < 0.001) between NPPSPP and NPPFIDB. The local or downscaled meteorological data-based NPPSAT estimates were more consistent with the NPPSPP and NPPFIDB, but the correlation with NPPSAT was weak and sometimes even negative. The range of NPP estimates in NPPSAT data sets was much narrower than the range of NPPSPP or NPPFIDB. Errors in land cover maps and in estimates of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation were identified as the main reasons for NPPSAT inconsistencies.

scholarly journals Effects of errors in basal area and mean diameter on the optimality of forest management prescriptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roope Ruotsalainen ◽  
Timo Pukkala ◽  
Annika Kangas ◽  
Petteri Packalen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Stand Attributes ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Correct Data

Abstract • Key message Errors in forest stand attributes can lead to sub-optimal management prescriptions concerning the set management objectives. When the objective is net present value, errors in mean diameter result in greater losses than similar errors in basal area, and underestimation greater losses than overestimation. • Context Errors in forest inventory data can cause inoptimality losses in the objectives set to forest management. Losses occur when the forest is treated with management prescriptions that are optimal for erroneous data but not for correct data. • Aims We evaluate the effect of varying levels of errors in basal area and mean diameter on the inoptimality losses. • Methods Errors from 20% of overestimation to 20% of underestimation were simulated in basal area and mean diameter. For each stand, the management prescription that maximized the net present value was selected with and without errors. The inoptimality losses were calculated for different error levels. • Results The tested error levels resulted in inoptimality losses of 0.11–3.01%. Errors in mean diameter increased inoptimality losses more than similar relative errors in basal area. Simultaneous underestimation of basal area and mean diameter led to greater inoptimality losses than simultaneous overestimation of these attributes. • Conclusion If the forest is considered as an investment, using inventory data where basal area and mean diameter are underestimated causes greater losses compared with data where these attributes are overestimated. Errors in mean diameter are more important than similar errors in the basal area. Large errors in basal area and mean diameter should be avoided especially in stands where the basal area is high.

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