Reliability of stump sprouting as a regeneration method for poplars: clonal behavior in survival, sprout straightness and growth

Abstract Cultures of the fungus Chondrostereum purpureum (Fr.)Pouzar were applied to cut surfaces of hardwood stumps immediately after the trees were felled in late spring and summer and the stumps monitored for fungus infection and adventitious sprouting during the ensuing 2 years. Hardwood species inoculated were red maple, sugar maple, yellow birch, paper birch, pin cherry, trembling aspen, and beech. The fungus was applied as wheat bran cultures in a mineral oil slurry or by inverting petri dish cultures on the stump. All treatments resulted in development of sporophores of the fungus on the stump within 2 years and a concomitant reduction, as compared to the uninoculated controls, of the number of stump sprouts. The speed of stump invasion by the fungus and reduction of sprouting varied both among and within species. The feasibility of using this fungus as a biological control of regrowth after stand cleaning is discussed. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):17-19, March 1990.

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Oak Regeneration in the Southern Appalachians: Potential, Problems, and Possible Solutions

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/22.1.11 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

James E. Cook ◽

Terry L. Sharik ◽

David Wm. Smith

Keyword(s):

Review Article ◽

Oak Forests ◽

Southern Appalachians ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Oak Regeneration ◽

Advance Regeneration ◽

Southern Appalachian ◽

Stump Sprouting ◽

Low Levels ◽

A Site

Abstract Despite the large volumes written about "oak regeneration problems" on mesic sites, very little has been presented on the extent of regional variation in oak regeneration. In this review article, we examine several important facets of oak regeneration for the Southern Appalachian region. We conclude that: (1) the amount of reproduction (seedlings and/or sprouts) is seldom a limiting factor because these oak forests have an average advance regeneration density of more than 9000/ha; (2) about 75% of all oak stems sprout after harvesting, which; (3) makes stump sprouts a major source of oak regeneration and a more important component than in the Midwest; (4) harvesting usually leads to an increase in the number of oak seedlings on a site (mean density for the first 3 yr equals 15,750/ha); (5) on sites of SI50 = 17-19m, oaks typically make up 25-40% of the canopy 2-3 decades after a harvest; (6) on sites of SI > 20m, clearcutting leads to very low levels (~10%) of oak representation in the subsequent forest, whereas a shelterwood harvest will result in 25-30% oak abundance; and (7) a harvest of an oak-dominated forest, without any other treatments, will lead to a 50-70% decline in oak. These results suggest that there is ample potential to regenerate current oak forests to oak, but new trials are needed with more species and on a greater range of sites. Increasing the size of the advance regeneration and maximizing stump sprouting are two ways to increase the amount of oak after harvest. However, regeneration cuts by themselves will not assure maintenance of the oak component; several treatments that have shown promise—midstory manipulation, fire, and weeding—are recommended for further study. South. J. Appl. For. 22(1):11-18.

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Site and fertilizer effects on northern hardwood stump sprouting

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x85-088 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 535-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. D. Mroz ◽

D. J. Frederick ◽

M. F. Jurgensen

Keyword(s):

Site Quality ◽

Northern Hardwood ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Large N ◽

Stump Sprouting ◽

Wide Variability ◽

High Site ◽

Whole Tree Harvesting ◽

Sprout Growth ◽

K Fertilization

Early growth of northern hardwood stump sprouts was studied to determine the short rotation biomass production of coppiced, pole-sized stands. This included studying the effects of fertilizer amendments and site quality on sprout numbers and height as well as biomass. Sprout numbers were related to stump diameter and species, but were independent of site quality and fertilizer additions. Sprout height growth on a stump was independent of numbers and showed increases with site quality. Biomass per stump and per hectare showed increases with N–P–K fertilization on the medium and high sites because of increased available water capacity. Mean annual increments after 4 years ranged from 0.1 Mg ha−1 year−1 on the low site to 1.6 Mg ha−1 year−1 with N–P–K fertilization on the high site. Comparisons of 3- and 4-year-old sprout growth showed large 4th-year biomass increases with periodic annual increments ranging up to 4.8 Mg ha−1 year−1 on the high site N–P–K treatments. Biomass responses to fertilization were for the large part nonsignificant owing to wide variability of biomass on blocks within sites. This may be due to inherent soil factors or large N and K losses following whole-tree harvesting of the original stands.

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Controlling Beech Root and Stump Sprouts Using the Cut-Stump Treatment

Northern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/njaf/23.3.155 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Kochenderfer ◽

James N. Kochenderfer ◽

Gary W. Miller

Keyword(s):

Radial Distance ◽

Basal Area ◽

Fagus Grandifolia ◽

Complete Control ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Control Root ◽

Stump Sprouting ◽

Number Of Stems ◽

Cut Stump ◽

Stump Sprouts

Abstract Application costs and efficacy were determined for cut-stump treatments applied to American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) to control root and stump sprouts in central West Virginia. Glyphosate as Glypro (53.8%) was applied to the outer 2 in. of beech stumps from trees >6.0-in. dbh within 1 hour after cutting. In addition to treatment plots, individual beech stumps were treated to determine mortality patterns. The treatments were applied in early September 2001 and evaluated 12 months after treatment. A rating system ranging from 1 to 7 (0 to 100% crown affected) based on visual estimates of symptoms was used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments. Trees with a rating of 5 (75% crown control or greater) were considered controlled. After 12 months, more than 90% of beech root sprouts ≥1-ft tall to 5.9-in. dbh on treated plots were controlled. Complete control of stump sprouting also was achieved. An average of 93 beech stems was controlled around each treated stump. Mortality around treated stumps declined as the radial distance from stumps increased and stump size decreased. Average application cost (chemical and labor) ranged from $39.43 to 62.34 per acre depending on the basal area and number of stems treated. After two growing seasons, the number of beech root sprouts on more than 90% of the treated regeneration plots remained below levels considered as interfering according to guidelines for Allegheny hardwoods. This study demonstrated that herbicide is readily translocated from the surfaces of freshly cut beech stumps via parent root systems to attached live beech stems. The cut-stump method can be applied in areas where beech is the primary species interfering with the establishment and development of desirable regeneration.

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Juvenile response to conifer release alternatives on aspen-white spruce boreal mixedwood sites.Part II: Quality of aspen regeneration

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc81548-4 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 548-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sylvia Greifenhagen ◽

Douglas G Pitt ◽

Monique C Wester ◽

F. Wayne Bell

Keyword(s):

Populus Tremuloides ◽

Block Design ◽

Ground Level ◽

Fibre Production ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Stump Sprouting ◽

Root Suckering

This study, a component of the Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, was designed to investigate the effects of conifer release alternatives on the quality of regenerating trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). A randomized block design was used to compare untreated aspen with aspen growing in areas treated with two broadcast cutting treatments (brushsaw and Silvana Selective) and two broadcast herbicide treatments (glyphosate and triclopyr). The glyphosate treatment virtually eliminated aspen, whereas triclopyr tended to top-kill aspen, resulting in lateral dominance. Both fall cutting treatments generated prolific aspen root suckering and stump sprouting. Stain was common in aspen across the study site in damaged, untreated, and post-treatment stems, indicating that stain develops rapidly in young aspen suckers. Stems damaged by the treatments had higher incidences of decay (33% of cut stems and 10% of herbicide-damaged stems) than untreated aspen (8% of stems); however, decay volume was low for all treatments (1–4% of total stem volume affected). The location of decay (e.g., near ground level in cut stems) and presence of stem crooks in herbicide-treated aspen are important effects of the treatments on aspen quality. Armillaria root disease, which was found throughout the study site, was more prevalent in roots of treatment-damaged and untreated aspen than in suckers that originated post-treatment. These differences can be attributed to proximity to parent stumps, prevalence of root wounds, and older age of damaged and untreated stems. Key words: aspen quality, decay, conifer release, vegetation management, fibre production

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