Location of Industry in Small Settlements in the light of Industrial
						Towns

Location of industry is already following Western European trends in the 21st century, and priority is given to social factors, e.g. educational attainment, social mobility and cheap labour, in decisions on setting up new industrial establishments and on developing investments. Firms, due to globalisation, prefer moving to sites that ensure greater profits, the focus is thus on profit. Geographical location, mineral resources, water supply, the state and quality of the environment, and the climate are the main natural factors relating to location of industry. The size and qualifications of labour force, national legal system, political stability, infrastructure and local tradition are the main social factors relating to location of industry. Thinking about the nature of our settlements in this respect, it is considered that although villages and towns can be based on common principles, they them- selves develop and create their characters and values.

Download Full-text

MIGRATIONS AS A RESULT OF THE GLOBALISATION

Baltic Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-3-9-19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

Marián Mesároš ◽

Josef Reitšpís

Keyword(s):

Foreign Capital ◽

New Technologies ◽

Home Country ◽

Labour Force ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Spare Parts ◽

Cheap Labour ◽

The World ◽

The Usa

The globalisation of the world economy is a driving force of the development of the individual countries in the world. Mineral resources in some countries are very important for the development of such countries, however they also attract world economies that offer new technologies and new possibilities in the development of the infrastructure. The technological progress of less developed countries also brings undesirable accompanying phenomena, namely the dependence on spare parts, the inability of such countries to carry out an independent research development, and an inconspicuous lifestyle change of the population. Cheap labour force lures foreign capital and later, as a result of the change of political regimes, begins to have enhanced demands, including various trade union demands. This is the moment when the particular government starts being influenced, the population is dissatisfied and the dissatisfaction results in social riots. However, the foreign capital has meanwhile achieved its business interests and that is why it leaves the particular country. Subsequently, this results in internal problems and many times in migrations of the dissatisfied population. Research tools used to write this article was analysis, analysis, synthesis of available information, reports, scientific articles on the subject and subsequent deduction to identify conclusions. Following the latest findings, it takes at least ten years for migrants to start accepting laws and habitual practice of a particular foreign country. The same holds true for migrants from South America who decide to leave their home country to live in the USA. That is why the assimilation problem has to be solved very carefully and, if it is possible, to solve the problems of potential migrants on the territory of their home country.

Download Full-text

Development and methods of mining management and metallurgical industry in the Republic of Tajikistan

Russian Journal of Industrial Economics ◽

10.17073/2072-1633-2021-1-17-24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

T. S. Kamalitdinov

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Labour Force ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Metallurgical Industry ◽

Metal Mining ◽

Industrial Facilities ◽

The North ◽

Cheap Labour ◽

Middle Asia ◽

The Republic

The author analyzes the foundation of mining and metallurgical industry of Tajikistan using the available historical publications and predictive research of scientists of the Republic of Tajikistan and Russia, as well as mass media sources. The main purpose is to show the availability of mineral resources, historical and contemporary demand, condition and prospects for their development. It is noted that Tajikistan mining and geological surveys conducted by world scientific researchers revealed numerous remains of the Bronze Age settlements in the North and South of Tajikistan. The remains prove that alongside cattle breeding and farming the Persian and the Tajik people of that time were also engaged in mining, metal mining and pottery. The author adduces arguments for organizing international expedition to discover historical areas of formation of metallurgical production. The findings of the expedition include extremely interesting millennia-old achievements in development of job safety system and metal production in different territories. The results of the research were used to distinguish the characteristic features of the areas, their potential opportunities for further development of metallurgical industry in Middle Asia and especially in the Republic of Tajikistan. The development of mining and metallurgical industry in Tajikistan is of high expediency due to availability of mineral resources and cheap labour force. The measures taken on its sustainable supply of electric power and fuel resources are of special interest. The author points out that functioning of mining and metallurgical enterprises with the Tajik Aluminum Company (TALCO) being the most significant of them resulted in creating a number of highly skilled jobs and building industrial facilities in the central region of the Republic. Analysis of the state of placement of hydropower resources in Middle Asia allows setting the priorities for development of this process in the Republic of Tajikistan. The author outlines major managerial problems of metallurgical industry in the Republic of Tajikistan and highlights the important peculiar features of management of mining enterprises under market conditions. For example, the transition to new institutional management methods due to implementing the tolling method of management provided the TALCO with the opportunity to escape bankruptcy and preserve the company.

Download Full-text

Internationalization process and changes in Slovak milk industry

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/5119-agricecon ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 357-361

Author(s):

I. Ubrežiová

Keyword(s):

Strategic Alliances ◽

Western Europe ◽

Labour Force ◽

Raw Material ◽

Milk Products ◽

Milk Processing ◽

Cheap Labour ◽

Milk Industry ◽

Quality Of Milk

The Slovak milk industry has overcome substantial changes during last period and has achieved many criteria comparable with the Western Europe. From this viewpoint, we can state that the quality of milk and milk products, technological equipment and labour efficiency has been improved. Entering of the foreign capital into the Slovak milk processing enterprises increases the quality of products and the volume of processed raw material. The foreign investors choose Slovak enterprises for many reasons. These are: the limited assortment of milk products, cheap labour force in comparison with its value in the EU, cheaper material for production and the necessary energy. In the world, the process of internationalization is necessary together with fusion, strategic alliances and acquisitions, including the private or co-operative companies. The biggest foreign strategic investors are in the following joint stock companies, for example – Liptovská mliekareň, a.s. Liptovský Mikulá&scaron; (Bongrain France), Milsy, a.s. Bánovce nad Bebravou (Lactoprot Austria), Rajo, a.s. Bratislava (Meggle Austria and Germany), former Zempmilk, a.s. Michalovce, now Syráreň Bel Slovensko, a.s. (Fromageries Bel France) and others. These companies include more than 52% of the number of big industrial milk processing enterprises in total and during the last period they bought more than 52.5% of the whole milk production in Slovakia.

Download Full-text

Well-being and inequality in comparative perspective: the case of Poland and Ukraine

Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing ◽

10.15407/sociology2019.01.032 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 32-55

Author(s):

Natalia Kovalisko ◽

Serhii Makeev

Keyword(s):

Tax Evasion ◽

Shadow Economy ◽

Free Market ◽

Well Being ◽

Household Surveys ◽

Cheap Labour ◽

Catching Up ◽

Public Opinion Polls ◽

Opinion Polls

Socio-economic trajectories of Poland and Ukraine have been considerably diverging since the last decade of the 20th century. The former has been advancing and catching up with Western European countries in terms of the quality of life — whereas in Ukraine, the 1990s recession gave way to unsustainable economic growth, which interrupted in the second half of the 2000s and in the 2010s. The comparison of official statistics, along with the data of household surveys and public opinion polls, makes it possible to conclude that a progressive and sustainable transition from a command economy to free market, as exemplified by Poland, is accompanied by moderate deepening of economic inequality. However, an abnormal transition (deviating from the “Polish rule”) entails excessive concentration of wealth and gives rise to corruption as a mechanism of income redistribution among different categories of population. This also results in a more noticeable stratification of opportunies for meeting vital and existential needs. Owing to a large proportion of shadow economy and undeclared work, Ukrainians remain a source of cheap labour in both the domestic and international labour markets; in addition, a persistent subculture of tax evasion is being formed in this country.

Download Full-text

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN SADE SEBAGAI DESA WISATA LOMBOK

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24123/jeb.v20i2.1597 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 69-82

Author(s):

W. Suprihatin ◽

H. Hailuddin

Keyword(s):

Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽

Environmental Aspect ◽

Priority Level ◽

Highest Weight ◽

Local Tradition ◽

Tourist Village ◽

Hierarchy Process ◽

Initial Pattern

The background of the problems in this study is the decreasing quality of Sade hamlet amid rising tourist arrivals. From the environmental aspect, the conditions of the hamlet began to decline, in which the initial pattern of Sade has started a lot of changes towards the deficient and began to leave the local tradition. One effort to improve the condition of Sade hamlet in social, cultural and the environmental aspect is through the formulation of a sustainable structuring, the presence and identity maintaining and making a sustainable Tourism Village. Through analysis of AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) by collecting the perceptions of some experts through interviews and questionnaires, obtained by weighting the priority of the experts, namely the preservation of culture as an element of priority-level goals to be achieved in the development of Sade Hamlet as a tourist village at 0,476. While the determination of the level of the main criteria in the achievement of these objectives is the highest weight while maintaining a typical village environment at 0.319. Priority strategies that get the highest weight of the experts is that Sade Hamlet Revitalization with a priority weighting of 0.583. The second priority is the relocation of Hamlet at 0.235. Lowest weighting or last priority is Replication Sade Hamlet at 0.182.

Download Full-text

Conclusion

10.1093/oso/9780198819448.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie L. Derrick

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Social Factors ◽

Critical Component ◽

Critical Difference ◽

Middle Classes ◽

Print History ◽

Social Divisions ◽

Equal Importance ◽

The Social ◽

The Subject

The emphasis of this monograph has been on the historical, cultural, religious, and social factors that shaped C. S. Lewis and his reception. Until recently those who have considered the subject have attributed his popularity to virtues of the man himself. The fact that Lewis, in effect, was an image, a mitigated commercial product, a platform, has largely been overlooked. A critical component of Lewis’s reception is the opportunities that education provided the middle classes for social mobility in the twentieth century and the social divisions and anxieties attendant upon those evolutions. Of equal importance is the timing of Lewis’s life and publications with print history and the rise of mass media and entertainment. Lewis’s platform as a contrarian Christian resisting modernity and his reactions to the intellectual, social, and religious changes of his day made the critical difference to his transatlantic receptions.

Download Full-text

Migrant Labour during the Pandemic: A Political Economy Perspective

The Indian Economic Journal ◽

10.1177/00194662211021209 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001946622110212

Author(s):

Deepak K. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Labour Force ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Capitalist Development ◽

Working Classes ◽

Migrant Labour ◽

Cheap Labour ◽

The One

This article aims to analyse the plight of the migrant workers in India during the Covid 19 pandemic from a political economy perspective. While taking note of the disruptions and uncertainties during the drastic lockdown that was announced suddenly, it is argued that the vulnerabilities of the migrant labour force are deeply embedded in the long-term changes in the political economy of development in India. These changes, on the one hand, have resulted in the gradual weakening of state support to the working classes, and on the other, have resulted in the normalisation of ‘cheap labour’ as a legitimate objective of neoliberal capitalist development. Locating the conditions of the migrant working class on the specificities of the manifold restructuring of the Indian economy under neoliberal globalisation, the study attempts to emphasise the structural dimensions of the current crisis faced by the migrant labourers. JEL Codes: J46, J61, O15, O17, P16

Download Full-text

Subjective social mobility, quality of life and mental health of asylum seekers/refugees in Germany

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.832 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

D Costa ◽

L Biddle ◽

C Mühling ◽

K Bozorgmehr

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Social Status ◽

Social Mobility ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Subjective Social Status ◽

Downward Mobility ◽

Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Abstract Background Changes in the subjective social status (SSS) of migrants, specifically between the pre- and post-migratory movement, can be a relevant determinant of their mental health condition. This study analyzed the effect of downward subjective social mobility to the mental health of asylum seekers and refugees (ASR) in Germany. Methods Through a random sampling procedure, 560 adult ASR (18+ years) were recruited across 58 collective accommodation centers in Germanys' 3rd largest state (2018). SSS was assessed with the MacArthur social ladder (10-rungs), in reference to the participants' position in the country of origin and in Germany. Quality of Life (QoL, measured with EUROHIS-QOL), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-2) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2), were considered as mental health outcomes. Generalized linear regression models were fitted to measure associations between changes in SSS and each outcome. Results A loss of 3 or more steps in SSS from origin to Germany (compared to no-change) was significantly associated with poorer scores in QoL (B, standardized coefficient= -2.679, standard error, se = 1.351, p = 0.047), with more symptoms of depression (B = 1.156, se = 0.389, p = 0.003) and anxiety (B = 0.971, se = 0.432, p = 0.025), in models adjusted for SSS in the country of origin. The strength and direction of associations was unaltered after further adjusting for sex, age, educational level and time since arrival, although the coefficient for QoL was non-significant for those declaring a 3-step downward mobility (B= -2.494, se = 1.351, p = 0.066 for QoL; B = 1.048, se = 0.393, p = 0.008 for depression; and B = 1.006, se = 0.438, p = 0.022 for anxiety). Discussion The results suggest that interventions should focus on those experiencing social downward mobility and not only prioritize individuals with low social status. Early integration efforts and intersectoral measures to counter social downward mobility could prevent poor mental health among ASR. Key messages We analysed the impact to the quality of life and mental health of asylum seekers and refugees, of a change in subjective social status from country of origin to Germany. Asylum seekers and refugees residing in Germany, who perceived a downward social status mobility following their migration process, are at risk for poorer mental health.

Download Full-text

By Slow Degrees: Two Centuries of Social Reproduction and Mobility in Britain

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.1493 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 37-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Paul Lambert ◽

Kenneth Prandy ◽

Wendy Bottero

Keyword(s):

Social Mobility ◽

Social Reproduction ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Time Frame ◽

Quality Of Data ◽

Term Change ◽

Parental Background ◽

Long Term Trends

This paper discusses long term trends in patterns of intergenerational social mobility in Britain. We argue that there is convincing empirical evidence of a small but steady linear trend towards increasing social mobility throughout the period 1800-2004. Our conclusions are based upon the construction and analysis of an extended micro-social dataset, which combines records from an historical genealogical study, with responses from 31 sample surveys conducted over the period 1963-2004. There has been much previous study of trends in social mobility, and little consensus on their nature. We argue that this dissension partly results from the very slow pace of change in mobility rates, which makes the time-frame of any comparison crucial, and raises important methodological questions about how long-term change in mobility is best measured. We highlight three methodological difficulties which arise when trying to draw conclusions over mobility trends - concerning the extent of controls for life course effects; the quality of data resources; and the measurement of stratification positions. After constructing a longitudinal dataset which attempts to confront these difficulties, our analyses provide robust evidence which challenges hitherto more popular, politicised claims of declining or unchanging mobility. By contrast, our findings suggest that Britain has moved, and continues to move, steadily towards increasing equality in the relationship between occupational attainment and parental background.

Download Full-text