scholarly journals Successes and failures in Hungarian family businesses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vusal Ahmadov
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Barriers To Growth

The Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are a necessary element of the social and economic development of the national economy from the perspective of their significant contribution to employment, innovative capacity, and flexibility. Innovative SMEs are necessary building block in the restructuring of transition economies. The successful reformers of the Central and Eastern Europe countries can promote policies conducive to the development of innovative SMEs, and consequently benefit from the economic advantages of SMEs. However, the majority of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries are lagging behind significantly. This paper gives the analytical description of the development of SMEs in post-socialist countries during the transition process within the framework of the market reforms. The main barriers to growth of SMEs with innovation capacity are the institutional environment, and the inadequate attitude of the government towards small companies. The countries which integrated to European Union been able to overcome these barriers considerably, while the CIS countries do not have a record of significant achievement in this area.

CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL EXPERIENCE OF INTERACTION OF BICAMERAL PARLIAMENTS OF THE CIS COUNTRIES IN THE SPHERE OF FOOD SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
MARINA MARKHGEYM ◽  
◽  
ANNA BEZUGLAYA
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries

The article presents the author’s analysis of constitutional texts, regulations and analytical materials of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States in order to consolidate in them the consolidated powers of the chambers of parliaments associated with the implementation of food security. Analysis of legal acts of the studied group of states showed that the sphere of food security (as part of the agrarian and food sphere/function) is one of the eventual spheres of interaction between the chambers of parliament. In the course of the study, two approaches of states to the formalization of provisions related to food security in constitutional texts were identified. The first approach is to consolidate norms that indirectly affect the field of food security (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia); the second - in the absence of such provisions (Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). It has been established that the interaction of the chambers of parliaments in the field of food security is implemented through the adoption of laws, as well as through various parliamentary events (parliamentary hearings, round tables, seminars, meetings, etc.). It is concluded that the available options for interaction between the chambers of parliaments of states in the field of food security reflect their independent approaches, which are developed on the basis of legal doctrine and practice.

Systems of Governance and Politics of Opposition in the Super-Rentiers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Freer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Rentier States

This chapter provides a critical background on the country cases by examining their brief political histories as independent states. It also gives critical information about the legal frameworks of such states to highlight where and how Islamist groups can act in these states. By providing such descriptions, this chapter demonstrates the extent to which these states, in regime or popular politics, either adhere or fail to adhere to the government type and political environment normally associated with the rentier state. The chapter also reveals critical commonalities among the super-rentier states—they are governed by powerful ruling families; institutionalized political life is hampered; and civil society and political life remain largely informal—while also indicating their differences, which arose in light of their differing sociocultural and economic backgrounds.

Wining and Dining Government Officials: What Drives Political Networking in Chinese Private Ventures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084-1113
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
Kunyuan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Corporate Political Activity ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTManagerial networking with political actors has long been recognized as a crucial co-option strategy to navigate the challenging institutional environment in emerging economies. However, we know much less about what drives the variation of political networking investment by private ventures. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we unpack the dyadic business-government relations and identify the key organizational and environmental factors that shape the power dependence relationships between private ventures and the government. By examining power imbalance and mutual dependence in this dyadic relationship and considering both the necessity and the capability of political networking, we develop hypotheses regarding the ways in which size-, connection-, and location-based dependencies affect firms’ political networking intensity. These hypotheses are tested through a unique survey of Chinese private ventures. Our study finds that political networking intensity (1) has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm size, (2) is negatively associated with the presence of embedded political ties while positively associated with that of achieved political connections, and (3) is smaller when the focal firm is located in business development zones. This research bears rich implications for our understanding of corporate political activity in emerging economies from a resource dependence lens.

scholarly journals Institutional permissiveness in the context of government-business relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073-1092
Author(s):  
André Luiz Castro de Sousa ◽  
Robson Silva Soe Rocha ◽  
Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Government

Purpose - This article explores the extent to which business–government relations permeate socially irresponsible business activities. While existing theory provides traction in explaining the strength of the pressures to conform that emanate from the institutional environment, it does not adequately explain the conditions under which businesses might exercise discretion in choosing whether or not to conform to local standards of appropriateness and how local actors organize their responses accordingly. Methodology - The empirical evidence is based on an in-depth longitudinal case study developed in an industrial district of Fortaleza, Brazil. Data were collected from three sources, including semi-structured interviews. An inductive thematic analysis of narratives was conducted to investigate the interactions between the different institutional actors and their experiences of institutional change and renegotiation. Findings - It was found that the institutionalized forms of business–government relations are fundamentally permissive and personalized, being based on meeting specific and mutually opportunistic demands. We show that institutional permissiveness can make it possible for large firms to dominate an industrial area and force the government to reduce law enforcement. We demonstrate the historical evolution of forms of the appropriation of space and natural resources. Originality - Our theoretical contribution is to the concept of institutional permissiveness. Unlike other institutional streams, we argue that the concept of the institutional void is inadequate to the task of understanding business–government relations in emerging markets. We show how an institutional configuration can emerge that sustains the power relations and resource appropriations that reproduce social relations distinct from those found in the Anglo-American institutional environment, which does not configure institutional voids.

Public Capital and Innovation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Richard Agénor
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This chapter extends the Allais–Samuelson Overlapping Generations models presented in chapters 1 and 2 to study interactions between infrastructure and human capital with R&D activities and growth. It begins by providing some background evidence on these interactions. The model is then presented and solved, and the impact of public policy, including potential trade-offs associated with the provision of infrastructure and other services by the government, is discussed. Again, this is a critical issue; if governments have access to limited resources to cover their expenditure, different types of government interventions may entail (temporary or permanent) trade-offs at the macroeconomic level—even though at the microeconomic or sectoral level these interventions are largely complementary. In addition, different types of government intervention may generate spillover effects on other sectors, which may have an indirect impact on innovation capacity.

History of the USSR and CIS

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Puffer ◽  
Daniel J. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Social Conditions ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Major Emphasis ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

This chapter provides an overview of the history of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, from the time of its creation as a result of the 1917 Russian Revolution, to its dissolution in 1991. The major emphasis is on economic conditions, with political and social conditions as background. The chapter then discusses The Commonwealth of Independent States, the alliance that included most of the 15 former Soviet republics that became independent countries. Developments in Russia, the largest both geographically and demographically, as well as the most powerful of the CIS countries, are the major focus from 1991 to 2017.

Financial Scams Through Ponzi Schemes

2021 ◽  
pp. 271-292
Author(s):  
Alam I. Asadov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Financial Regulations ◽  
Financial Sector Development ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter investigates the relationship between financial literacy, financial sector development, and Ponzi schemes in the commonwealth of independent states (CIS) countries. It begins with an overview of the early cases of Ponzi schemes in the CIS countries by examining circumstances which formed fertile ground for the schemes to develop during initial years of independence. The study then scrutinised the situation in the member states during the later years which revealed no improvements. A closer examination of the problem discovered that the main triggers are low level of financial literacy and scarce investment alternatives. The chapter suggests that unless the level of financial literacy is raised and the financial sector is developed, Ponzi schemes will continue to thrive in the region. It concludes by providing some policy recommendations to enhance financial literacy and financial sector development, as well as necessary steps to improve financial regulations.

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