scholarly journals Characterisation and practical importance of exerciseinduced cardiovascular response in a 6 - to 18-year-old population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Havasi
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
School Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Haemodynamic Effect ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Individual Fitness

- Haemodynamic effect also has individual (fitness and health specifics) and population-level (public health impact) relevance to exercise. - Confirmed evidence about the pupils: differences exist between recovery HR and recovery BP trends: recovery HR remained at a high level, in contrast, the recovery BP decreased to starting level or below. - Established a pilot, exercise-related screening test, called “Fit-test”. It provides an opportunity to gain new insight into the relationship between later manifestations of illness and juvenile burden response.  Fit-test is a low-budget, whole-population screening test, which easily fits into an existing school and school health system.  We have found that is also suitable for screening for MHT, preHT, and sustained HT students, and for monitoring the effects of treatment. - We established a database, the first large dataset of haemodynamic changes of normal-weight pupils during a field exercise test.  We defined the population-specific dynamics and experienced individual dissimilarities.  It provided an opportunity to evaluate the physical and cardiovascular fitness together.  Established a possibility for subsequent monitoring of the health status of the affected generation, and risk group. This dataset is useful for physical education teachers, coaches, physicians and exercise physiologists to evaluate actual cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to exercise in children or adolescents and follow its change.

scholarly journals Associations of the pre-pregnancy weight status with anemia and the erythropoiesis-related micronutrient status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Noor Rohmah Mayasari ◽  
Tzu-Yu Hu ◽  
Jane C-J Chao ◽  
Chyi-Huey Bai ◽  
Yi Chun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Objective: The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies. Design: Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. The weight status was defined based on the pBMI. Mild nutrition deficiency-related erythropoiesis was defined if individuals had an ID, folate depletion, or a vitamin B12 deficiency. Setting: The Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017-2019). Participants: We included 1456 women aged 20 to 45 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: Among these pregnant women, 9.6% were UW, and 29.2% were either OW (15.8%) or OB (13.4%). A U-shaped association between the pBMI and IDA was observed, with decreased odds (OR; 95% CI) for OW subjects (0.6; 0.4˜0.9) but increased odds for UW (1.2; 0.8˜2.0) and OB subjects (1.2; 0.8˜1.8). The pBMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of a mild nutritional deficiency. Compared to normal weight (NW), OB pregnant women had 3.4-fold (3.4; 1.4˜8.1) higher odds for multiple mild nutritional deficiencies, while UW individuals had lowest odds (0.3; 0.1-1.2). A dietary analysis showed negative relationships of pBMI with energy, carbohydrates, protein, iron, and folate intakes, but positive relationship with fat intakes. Conclusion: The pre-pregnancy weight status can possibly serve as a good nutritional screening tool for preventing IDA during pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Public Health Impact of Delaying a Second Dose of the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Romero-Brufau ◽  
Ayush Chopra ◽  
Alex J Ryu ◽  
Esma Gel ◽  
Ramesh Raskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Public

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate population health outcomes under delayedsecond dose versus standard schedule SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.DesignAgent-based modeling on a simulated population of 100,000 based on a real-world US county. The simulation runs were replicated 10 times. To test the robustness of these findings, simulations were performed under different estimates for single-dose efficacy and vaccine administration rates, and under the possibility that a vaccine prevents only symptoms but not asymptomatic spread.Settingpopulation level simulation.Participants100,000 agents are included in the simulation, with a representative distribution of demographics and occupations. Networks of contacts are established to simulate potentially infectious interactions though occupation, household, and random interactionsInterventionswe simulate standard Covid-19 vaccination, versus delayed-second-dose vaccination prioritizing first dose. Sensitivity analyses include first-dose vaccine efficacy of 70%, 80% and 90% after day 12 post-vaccination; vaccination rate of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 1% of population per day; assuming the vaccine prevents only symptoms but not asymptomatic spread; and an alternative vaccination strategy that implements delayed-second-dose only for those under 65 years of age.Main outcome measurescumulative Covid-19 mortality over 180 days, cumulative infections and hospitalizations.ResultsOver all simulation replications, the median cumulative mortality per 100,000 for standard versus delayed second dose was 226 vs 179; 233 vs 207; and 235 vs 236; for 90%, 80% and 70% first-dose efficacy, respectively. The delayed-second-dose strategy was optimal for vaccine efficacies at or above 80%, and vaccination rates at or below 0.3% population per day, both under sterilizing and non-sterilizing vaccine assumptions, resulting in absolute cumulative mortality reductions between 26 and 47 per 100,000. The delayed-second-dose for those under 65 performed consistently well under all vaccination rates tested.ConclusionsA delayed-second-dose vaccination strategy, at least for those under 65, could result in reduced cumulative mortality under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of School Based Recruitment Procedures and Modular Data Collections

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Rashid Ahmed ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Steve R. Manske ◽  
Jessica Reid ◽  
Robin Burkhalter
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
School Health ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
School Based ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The School Health Action, Planning and Evaluation System (SHAPES) is a school-based data collection and knowledge exchange system designed to improve the health of youth. This paper outlines the design of the SHAPES study, examines the impact of different school recruitment models on participation rates, and examines the impact of using two different research modules during data collection on the prevalence of core behaviours being measured. Methods: In total, 76 schools were recruited from seven health regions and data were collected using the SHAPES Tobacco (TM) and Physical Activity Modules (PAM). Results: It was found that school recruitment rates were higher when both the researchers and the health unit, worked together to recruit schools. Significant differences were found between students who completed the TM and students who completed the PAM with respect to body mass index, smoking susceptibility, the number of friends who smoke, and the number of active friends. Conclusions: This paper provides valuable real-world insight for future researchers interested in performing population-level school-based studies of youth risk behaviours. Our experience suggests that a modular approach to data collection is feasible and that recruitment rates are improved when researchers work in collaboration with health unit staff who have existing relationships with schools.

scholarly journals Integrating data science into the translational science research spectrum: A substance use disorder case study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emily Slade ◽  
Linda P. Dwoskin ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jeffery C. Talbert ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Translational Science ◽  
Preclinical Research

Abstract The availability of large healthcare datasets offers the opportunity for researchers to navigate the traditional clinical and translational science research stages in a nonlinear manner. In particular, data scientists can harness the power of large healthcare datasets to bridge from preclinical discoveries (T0) directly to assessing population-level health impact (T4). A successful bridge from T0 to T4 does not bypass the other stages entirely; rather, effective team science makes a direct progression from T0 to T4 impactful by incorporating the perspectives of researchers from every stage of the clinical and translational science research spectrum. In this exemplar, we demonstrate how effective team science overcame challenges and, ultimately, ensured success when a diverse team of researchers worked together, using healthcare big data to test population-level substance use disorder (SUD) hypotheses generated from preclinical rodent studies. This project, called Advancing Substance use disorder Knowledge using Big Data (ASK Big Data), highlights the critical roles that data science expertise and effective team science play in quickly translating preclinical research into public health impact.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Following Azithromycin Mass Drug Administration: Potential Surveillance Strategies to Assess Public Health Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Mack ◽  
Mike Sharland ◽  
James A Berkley ◽  
Nigel Klein ◽  
Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Multiresistant Pathogens ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Abstract The reduction in childhood mortality noted in trials investigating azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) for trachoma control has been confirmed by a recent large randomized controlled trial. Population-level implementation of azithromycin MDA may lead to selection of multiresistant pathogens. Evidence suggests that repeated azithromycin MDA may result in a sustained increase in macrolide and other antibiotic resistance in gut and respiratory bacteria. Current evidence comes from standard microbiological techniques in studies focused on a time-limited intervention, while MDA implemented for mortality benefits would likely repeatedly expose the population over a prolonged period and may require a different surveillance approach. Targeted short-term and long-term surveillance of resistance emergence to key antibiotics, especially those from the World Health Organization Access group, is needed throughout any implementation of azithromycin MDA, focusing on a genotypic approach to overcome the limitations of resistance surveillance in indicator bacteria.

The importance of superior-quality wildlife habitats

2004 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Cumulative Change ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Managed Landscapes ◽  
The Relationship

While animals may use many habitat types, relatively few are preferred and fewer yet are superior in quality (referring to individual fitness as the measure of quality). Historical reduction in habitat quality for some wildlife species has occurred such that we may now have limited reference to original superior-quality habitats. As time passes, managers may be unaware that superior habitats are slowly disappearing and that the slow but cumulative change is significant to a species at the population level. The perception of superior-quality habitat also changes with each successive generation of managers based on their experiences. This paper raises the concern that retrospective work may often be required to determine past forest habitats and associated animal populations to avoid the risk of falling into a trap of not recognizing ever-declining habitat quality through time and relegating animals to what is in fact much poorer quality habitat than those to which they are actually best adapted. Further, the relationship between relative abundance and habitat quality may often be uncertain owing to maladaptive habitat selection by animals, inappropriate survey timing or interannual population differences. While we have begun to appreciate aspects of habitat selection for many forest species, few data are yet available that relate selected habitats to fitness of individual animals. Hence, while we may have models to predict habitat use, considerable research remains to be done to be able to predict long-term sustainability of species in managed landscapes. Key words: habitat quality, forest management, sustainability, biodiversity

Energy cost and cardiovascular response to upper and lower limb rhythmic exercise with different equipments in normal-weight and severely obese individuals

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Lafortuna ◽  
S. Chiavaroli ◽  
F. Rastelli ◽  
M. De Angelis ◽  
F. Agosti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Rhythmic Exercise

Reproductive Health Impact of a School Health Center

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Minguez ◽  
John S. Santelli ◽  
Erica Gibson ◽  
Mark Orr ◽  
Shama Samant
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
School Health ◽  
Health Impact

scholarly journals Abundance And Active Patch Selection Modulate Reproductive Connectivity And Fitness of Pea Crabs Living On Sand Dollars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana A. Souza ◽  
Augusto A. V. Flores
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Allee Effects ◽  
Sand Dollar ◽  
Patch Selection ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Crab Abundance ◽  
Sand Dollars

Abstract Connectivity is paramount for population stability, but the mechanisms underlying the distribution of populated patches and how they affect reproductive connectivity and individual fitness remain elusive. Here, we mapped the distribution of sand dollars – as habitat patches for obligate-commensal pea crabs – at several sites. At occupied patches, we assessed whole-crab population structure and the fitness of ovigerous females. While sand-dollar supply did not limit the size of crab populations, overall crab abundance limited reproductive connectivity and the potential for offspring production. However, except for sites of extremely low and high connectivity, crab aggregations at sand-dollar clusters countervailed the overall random distribution of sand-dollar populations, greatly enhancing the reproductive potential of whole-crab populations. Crab interactions, likely controlled by larger females, added to reproductive connectivity by increasing the frequency of mating pairs in hosts. Differently from the population-level case, effects of crab abundance on individual fitness were dual and only detectable when abundance was lowest (positive) or highest (negative), so that fitness remained high at intermediate crab abundance, decreasing when it became either too low (e.g. Allee effects) or too high (e.g. energetic costs of intraspecific competition). This study indicates that connectivity may affect different levels of biological organization in specific ways.

scholarly journals Modeling the Population Health Impact of ENDS in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-610
Author(s):  
Rasmus Wissmann ◽  
Changhua Zhan ◽  
Kenneth D'Amica ◽  
Shivaani Prakash ◽  
Yingying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Key Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Model

Objectives: Our objective was to improve understanding of the population health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) availability in the US via computational modeling. Methods: We present an agent-based population health model (PHM) that simulates annual smoking, ENDS use, and associated mortality for individual agents representing the US population, both adults and youth, between 2000 and 2100. Model transitions were derived from key population surveys and a large longitudinal study of JUUL purchasers. The mortality impact of ENDS is modeled as excess risk relative to smoking. Outcomes are compared between a cigarettes-only Base Case and a Modified Case where ENDS are introduced in 2010. Model validation demonstrates that the PHM simulates population-level behavior and outcomes realistically. Results: The availability of ENDS in the US is projected to reduce smoking and prevent 2.5 million premature deaths by 2100 in the Modified Case. Sensitivity analyses show that a significant population health benefit occurs under all plausible scenarios. Conclusions: Our results suggest the availability of ENDS is likely to result in a significant health benefit to the US population as a whole, after accounting for both beneficial and harmful uses.

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