The Paleobiolinguistics of Domesticated Chili Pepper (Capsicum spp.)

Paleobiolinguistics employs the comparative method of historical linguistics to reconstruct the biodiversity known to human groups of the remote, unrecorded past. Comparison of words for biological species from languages of the same language family facilitates reconstruction of the biological vocabulary of the family’s ancient proto-language. This study uses paleobiolinguistics to establish where and when chili peppers (Capsicum spp.) developed significance for different prehistoric Native American groups. This entails mapping in both time and geographic space proto-languages for which words for chili pepper reconstruct. Maps show the broad distribution of Capsicum through Mesoamerica and South America mirroring its likely independent domestication in these regions. Proto-language dates indicate that human interest in chili pepper had developed in most of Latin America at least a millennium before a village-farming way of life became widespread.

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Molecular Biology of Chili Pepper Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ◽

10.29356/jmcs.v56i1.281 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

César Aza-González ◽

Héctor Gordon Núñez-Palenius ◽

Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo

Keyword(s):

Molecular Biology ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Horticultural Crop ◽

Research Areas ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

Chili Peppers

Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Chili pepper fruits from different Capsicum species have been highly consumed in Mexico since pre-Columbian times. Some Capsicum species synthesize and accumulate anthocyanins in different tissues and organs. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been established for different plant species, very few studies on anthocyanin chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology of these pigments produced by chili peppers have been reported. In this review we describe the information on the type of anthocyanins synthesized and accumulated in chili pepper, and also on the molecular biology of the biosynthetic pathway. Additionally, we discuss the applications of current knowledge for the genetic manipulation, through genetic engineering, of this trait, and also the future anthocyanin-related research areas in Capsicum.

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Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12151

Author(s):

Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera ◽

Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Horticultural Crop ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

Chili Peppers ◽

Visual Changes

Chili peppers represent a very important horticultural crop that is cultivated and commercialized worldwide. The ripening process makes the fruit palatable, desirable, and attractive, thus increasing its quality and nutritional value. This process includes visual changes, such as fruit coloration, flavor, aroma, and texture. Fruit ripening involves a sequence of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that must be finely regulated at the transcriptional level. In this review, we integrate current knowledge about the transcription factors involved in the regulation of different stages of the chili pepper ripening process.

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Of Two Minds About Minding Language in Culture

Indigenous Visions ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300196511.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Silverstein

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

American Indian ◽

Historical Linguistics ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Indian Languages ◽

Universal Truth

Analyzing Franz Boas's critically new insights under the lens of philology, this chapter redefines Boasian linguistics as a globalizing mode of mutual enlightenment through the exchange of grammatical concepts between selves across borders of sound and sense—a process he calls “comparative calibrationism,” the asymptotic pursuit of the always-inaccessible yet ever-closer universal truth. It focuses on the Handbook of American Indian Languages, where Boas dismantled every plank in the language-focused platform on which inferences of evolutionary primitivism stand. Boas also went after the very applicability to American languages of the comparative method of historical linguistics, from which inferences of so-called linguistic families descended from single proto-languages emerged in the nineteenth century.

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Contestation of Discourse on Alcoholism among Native Americans in Joy Harjo’s The Reckoning (2002)

J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies ◽

10.20884/1.jes.2020.1.2.3456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 82

Author(s):

Shofi Mahmudah Budi Utami

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Discourse Analysis ◽

Native Americans ◽

Short Story ◽

Discursive Practices ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Joy Harjo ◽

Discourse Production ◽

The Subject ◽

American Society

This study aims at revealing how the discursive practices and the discourse on alcoholism in the Native Americans is produced and contested in a short story entitled The Reckoning by Joy Harjo. The problem in this study is approached by Foucauldian concept of discourse production procedure. The method applied here is the Foucauldian discourse analysis by examining the problem through the process of formation including external and internal exclusion. Central to the analysis is that alcoholism is produced as taboo through the mother character which limits the general understanding about alcoholism; hence this discourse is possible to produce by the subject whose credentials can validate the truth. This discourse is also affirmed by the contextual prohibition which authoritatively can state the truth about alcoholism. This is further contested in the current society of how being an alcoholic would be considered as a non-native American way of life. The result indicates that alcoholism among Native American society becomes the discourse within which constraints produce considerable barriers to expose or address to this topic

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The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n100408 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 246-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SOPIALENA SOPIALENA ◽

SURYA SILA ◽

ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH ◽

JULI NURDIANA

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Root Extract ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Chili Peppers ◽

Organic Pesticides

Sopialena, Sila S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 246-250. The agricultural crops and horticultural plants are always under constant assault caused by diseases, insect pests, viruses, and other pathogens which may substantially reduce yield. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a popular horticultural plant of the Solanaceae family in Indonesia. Some serious diseases widely found in chili peppers, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici), leaf spot (Cercospora capsici) and fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici). To manage the potential problems, this study is aimed to provide an explanatory knowledge of the use of plant-based pesticide to control the diseases in chili peppers. The information is meant to fill the knowledge gaps in the use of plant-based pesticide to control the chili diseases. The use of nonchemical pesticide benefits not only the environment but also as an organic strategy for disease management. This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) categorized into four groups and six different treatments. The organic pesticides were prepared from the extract of neem leaves, soursop leaves, lemongrass extract, tuba root extract, and kenikir/Cosmos caudatus extract). The result indicates that neem leaves are the most effective organic pesticides to control the chili pepper disease in Indonesia.

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Word families, allofams, and the comparative method

Cahiers de linguistique - Asie orientale ◽

10.1163/19606028-04802001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 91-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hannes A. FELLNER ◽

Nathan W. HILL

Keyword(s):

Historical Linguistics ◽

Comparative Method ◽

Self Perception ◽

Word Families

Abstract Linguists researching the Trans-Himalayan family do not have a self-perception as working outside the mainstream of historical linguistics, but ‘word families’ and ‘allofams’ are important elements in their thinking despite the absence of these terms in the wider discipline. A close examination of the practice of historical linguistics in Indo-European and Trans-Himalayan leads to the conclusion that those phenomena treated as word families admit superior analyses in more traditional terms.

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Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Determination of Capsaicin and Some of Its Analogues from Chili Peppers (Capsicum spp.)

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/82.6.1399 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 1399-1405 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Philemon Manirakiza ◽

Adrian Covaci ◽

Paul Schepens

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Quantitative Determination ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Mass Spectrometric ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

The Mean ◽

Chili Peppers

Abstract A rapid and accurate method has been developed for the quantitative determination of capsaicin and its most important analogues, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin in chili peppers. These components were extracted with methylene chlo ride and separated from interfering substances with activated charcoal. Further cleanup on Florisil cartridges and elution with ethyl acetate were performed before gas chromatographic with mass spectrometric quantitation. The concentrations found were 440 ± 64 μg/g capsaicin, 81 ± 10 μg/g dihydrocapsaicin, and 11 ± 2 μg/g nordihydrocapsaicin. The mean recovery values for triplicate analysis were between 85-94%.

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Generation of BSA-capsaicin Nanoparticles and Their Hormesis Effect on the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Yeast

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24152800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 2800 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro Sánchez-Arreguin ◽

Ramón Carriles ◽

Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo ◽

Mercedes G. López ◽

Lino Sánchez-Segura

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Dose Concentration ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

Pathogen Control ◽

Uptake Process ◽

Hormesis Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Chili Peppers

Capsaicin is a chemical compound found in pungent chili peppers (Capsicum spp.). In biotechnology, capsaicin has been proposed as a pathogen control; however, its low solubility in water and high instability limits its uses. The aim of this work was to study the effect of high concentrations of capsaicin on the synthesis of nanoparticles and to evaluate their inhibitory effect on the growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa yeast. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-capsaicin nanoparticles were formulated at 0, 16.2, 32.5, 48.7 and 65.0 µg of capsaicin per mg of BSA. Nanoparticle properties were evaluated and they were added to cultures of R. mucilaginosa to quantify their effect on cell viability. We found that increased capsaicin levels caused several changes to the physicochemical parameters, probably due to changes in the hydrophobicity sites of the albumin during the nanostructuration. The administration of nanoparticles to cultures of R. mucilaginosa produced a maximal viability with nanoparticles at 16.2 µg/mg; on the contrary, nanoparticles at 65.0 µg/mg caused maximal cell death. R. mucilaginosa cells displayed a hormesis effect in response to the nanoparticle dose concentration. The nanoparticles showed different responses during the uptake process, probably as a consequence of the nanostructural properties of capsaicin in the BSA molecules.

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