The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

Sopialena, Sila S, Rosfiansyah, Nurdiana J. 2018. The role of neem leaves as organic pesticides in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Nusantara Bioscience 10: 246-250. The agricultural crops and horticultural plants are always under constant assault caused by diseases, insect pests, viruses, and other pathogens which may substantially reduce yield. Chili Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a popular horticultural plant of the Solanaceae family in Indonesia. Some serious diseases widely found in chili peppers, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum capsici), leaf spot (Cercospora capsici) and fruit rot (Phytophthora capsici). To manage the potential problems, this study is aimed to provide an explanatory knowledge of the use of plant-based pesticide to control the diseases in chili peppers. The information is meant to fill the knowledge gaps in the use of plant-based pesticide to control the chili diseases. The use of nonchemical pesticide benefits not only the environment but also as an organic strategy for disease management. This research used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) categorized into four groups and six different treatments. The organic pesticides were prepared from the extract of neem leaves, soursop leaves, lemongrass extract, tuba root extract, and kenikir/Cosmos caudatus extract). The result indicates that neem leaves are the most effective organic pesticides to control the chili pepper disease in Indonesia.

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Chili pepper genotypes assay approach for resistance to Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.54910/sabrao2021.53.4.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 737-748

Author(s):

A. Daryanto ◽

M. Syukur ◽

Sobir ◽

A. Maharijaya ◽

P. Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Aphis Gossypii ◽

Test Methods ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Choice Test ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Detached Leaf ◽

Clip Cage ◽

Chili Peppers

The cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), is one of the most devastating insect pests for chili pepper that damages the crop and transmits several viruses. Thus far, there is no commercial chili cultivar with effective resistance to cotton aphids (CA). The present study aimed to develop a reliable and practical screening protocol in chili peppers for aphids resistance in the tropical areas. Three no-choice test methods i.e., seedling cage, detached leaf, and clip cage tests have been developed. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in a greenhouse at the Gunung Putri, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Seven chili pepper genotypes belong to the species Capsicum annuum L. provided by the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia were used in this study. Chili pepper resistance to aphids was observed through the number of aphids progeny, and aphids fecundity among the genotypes. Two chili genotypes consistently showed low infestation while other genotypes showed the highest infestation with three screening methods. All the methods have a high heritability value (90%–91%), indicating that the evaluated chili genotypes could be used to determine effective screening methods. The correlation between the detached leaf and clip cage tests was significant (r = 0.84, P ≤ 0.05). Therefore, the clip cage test could be used as a reliable and practical screening test for the assay of chili peppers resistance to CA infestation. These information will be helpful in the development of aphid resistant cultivars in the future.

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Production of chili pepper under organic fertilization and irrigation with treated wastewater

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n2p84-89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 84-89

Author(s):

Viviane F. Silva ◽

Carlos V. C. Bezerra ◽

Elka C. S. Nascimento ◽

Tricia N. F. Ferreira ◽

Vera L. A. Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Reuse ◽

Organic Production ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Chili Peppers ◽

Semi Arid

ABSTRACT With the occurrence of prolonged droughts in the Brazilian semi-arid region, water scarcity directly influences agriculture in this region, so that water reuse and bovine manure application become a viable alternative for pepper production. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the sustainable production of chili peppers (Capsicum frutescens) under levels of irrigation with treated wastewater and doses of bovine manure. The following bovine manure doses were considered: D1 (0% manure and 100% soil), D2 (10% manure and 90% soil), D3 (20% manure and 80% soil), D4 (30% manure and 70% soil), D5 (40% manure and 60% soil) and D6 (50% manure and 50% soil), based on volume. Three levels of irrigation were applied, based on the water requirement of the crop (WR), namely: 100% WR (L1), 75% WR (L2) and 50% WR (L3). Production variables and physical characteristics of the produced peppers were evaluated. Pepper production (g plant-1) increased as 10% of bovine manure were added in substrate composition. Increasing concentration of bovine manure and using 50% WR provided favorable conditions for the organic production of chili pepper.

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Altered Capsaicin Levels in Domesticated Chili Pepper Varieties Affect the Interaction Between a Generalist Herbivore and Its Ectoparasitoid

10.21203/rs.3.rs-268361/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yosra Chabaane ◽

Carla Cristina Marques Arce ◽

Gaetan Glauser ◽

Betty Benrey

Keyword(s):

Adult Emergence ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Plant Domestication ◽

Generalist Herbivore ◽

Main Compound ◽

Parasitism Rates ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Chili Peppers

Abstract Plant domestication has commonly reduced levels of secondary metabolites known to confer resistance against insects. Chili pepper is a special case because the fruits of different varieties have been selected for lower and higher levels of capsaicin, the main compound associated with defense. This may have important consequences for insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Despite the widespread consumption of chili peppers worldwide, the effects of capsaicin on insects are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of capsaicin on a generalist herbivore, Spodoptora latifascia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its ectoparasitoid, Euplectrus platyhypenae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Using chili varieties with three pungency levels: non-pungent (Padron), mild (Cayenne) and highly pungent (Habanero), as well as artificial diets spiked with three different levels of synthetic capsaicin, we determined if higher capsaicin levels negatively affect the performance of these insects.Overall, capsaicin had a negative effect on both herbivore and parasitoid performance, particularly at high concentrations. Caterpillars reared on highly pungent fruits and high-capsaicin diet had longer development time, reduced pupation success, lower adult emergence, but also lower parasitism rates than caterpillars reared on mild or non-capsaicin treatments. In addition, we found that the caterpillars were capable of sequestering capsaicinoids in their haemolymph when fed on the high pungent variety with consequences for parasitoids’ performance and oviposition decisions. These results increase our understanding of the role of capsaicin as a chemical defense against insects and its potential implications for pest management.

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Peran Tanaman Aromatik Dalam Menekan Perkembangan Hama Spodoptera litura Pada Tanaman Kubis

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v1i2.288 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Johan A Patty

Keyword(s):

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Larval Population ◽

Botanical Pesticides ◽

Randomized Block Design

Plant pests Spodoptera litura is one of the major insect pests that often lowers the cabbage yield. Various control techniques of this pest have been developed, such as the use of botanical pesticides. This study aimed to determine the role of aromatic plants in reducing S. litura population growth and plant damage intensity on cabbage. Experiments used intercropping combinations of cabbage-local basil (‘kemangi’), cabbage-tomato, cabbage-scallion and without aromatic plants as a control. The experimental was arranged in a Randomized Block Design. Parameters measured were larval population, damage intensity and fresh weight of cabbage crops. The results showed that all three cabbage intercropping with the aromatic plants were able to suppress population of S. litura and the resulted damage intensity of cabbage. The treatment of cabbage intercropping with local basil could reduce larval populations of S. litura (to 0.84 larvae) or only 8 larvae per 10 plants and with the lowest crop damage intensity (3.32%) and highest crop weight (486.6 g) per plant.

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A CHEMICAL BASIS FOR PLANT RESISTANCE TO GRASS GRUB AND BLACK BEETLE LARVAE (COLEOPTERA : SCARABAEIDAE)

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1975.37.1442 ◽

1975 ◽

pp. 126-131

Author(s):

O.R.W. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Medicago Sativa ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Feeding Deterrents ◽

Feeding Deterrent ◽

Root Extract ◽

Costelytra Zealandica ◽

Lotus Pedunculatus ◽

Pasture Plants

Crude extracts of root of the resistant pasture plants lucerne (Medicago sativa) and Lotus pedunculatus contain strong feeding deterrents for third instar Costelytra zealandica and Heteronychus arutor larvae. Purified saponins isolated from active crude lucerne root extract markedly reduce grass grub feeding and have an ED of 0.019%. Black beetle larvae are even more sensitive to the material. Separate and chemically distinct feeding deterrent fractions, active against the two insects, have been isolated from Lotus pedunculatus root. The role of feeding deterrents in mediating the non-preference of these insect pests for lucerne and Lotus is discussed.

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Ekstrak daun bunga pukul empat dan daun pagoda sebagai tanaman antivirus untuk mengendalikan penyakit keriting pada cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Kultivasi ◽

10.24198/kultivasi.v18i2.19615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Shalahuddin Mukti Prabowo ◽

Sangrani Annisa Dewi

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Block Design ◽

Capsicum Frutescens ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Organic Pesticides ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Sari. Banyak petani cabai yang menggunakan pestisida kimia sebagai pilihan utama untuk mengendalikan penyakit keriting. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari potensi ekstrak tumbuhan berdaya antivirus: bunga pukul empat dan pagoda, dalam mengendalikan penyakit keriting pada cabai yang disebabkan virus. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lahan endemi penyakit keriting pada cabai merah di daerah Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Bahan yang digunakan adalah tanaman sebagai bahan pesisida nabati: bunga pukul empat dan pagoda. Alat yang digunakan blender, sprayer, jerigen, baskom dan alat tulis. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 perlakuan, yaitu tanpa perlakuan pestisida nabati; ekstrak daun bunga pukul empat konsentrasi 50 mL/L; ekstrak daun bunga pukul empat konsentrasi 100 mL/L; ekstrak daun pagoda konsentrasi 50 mL/L; dan ekstrak daun pagoda konsentrasi 50 mL/L. Setiap plot perlakuan terdiri dari 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan ekstrak daun pukul empat dan pagoda memberikan insidens penyakit dan keparahan penyakit lebih rendah daripada tanpa perlakuan pestisida nabati, sehingga memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Hasil cabai terbesar, yaitu sebesar 255 g, diperoleh dari perlakuan ekstrak bunga pukul empat dengan konsentrasi 100 mL/L. Kata Kunci: Cabai rawit, bunga pukul empat, pagoda, ekstrak daun Abstract. Many chili farmers use chemical pesticides as the main choice for controlling curly diseases. This study aimed to redundant the potential of leaves extracts: four o'clock flower and pagodas, in controlling chili disease caused by viruses. This research was carried out in the endemic area of curly disease in red chili , Sukoharjo Districts. This research was carried out from April to June 2018. The material used plants as organic pesticides: leaves of four o'clock flowers and pagodas. Tools are used: blenders, sprayers, jerry cans, basins and stationery. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments of leaf extracts application. There were without organic pesticides application, leaves of four o'clock flower with concentration 50 mL/L; leaves of four o'clock flower with concentration 100 mL/L; leaves of pagoda flower with concentration 50 mL/L; and leaves of pagoda flower with concentration 100 mL/L. Each treatment plot replicated three times. The results showed that leaves extract of four o’clock flower and pagoda gave lower disease incidence and disease severity than without organic pesticide, so yield of plants are higher. the best yield, about 255 g, is given by leaf extract of four o'clock flower at the dose of 100 mL/L. Keywords: Cayenne pepper, four o'clock flower, pagoda, leaf extract

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Effects of Boerhavia diffusa L. nom. cons. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. extracts on some field insect pests of okra (Aabelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2020.115.1.1299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Emmanuel Tochukwu NNEJI ◽

Robert O. UDDIN II ◽

Abdulrasak K. MUSA

Keyword(s):

Insect Pests ◽

Block Design ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Root Extract ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Boerhavia Diffusa ◽

Better Than ◽

Fresh Root

A field study was carried out to assess the efficacy of some botanicals in the control of field insect pests in two varieties of okra. Dry leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) and fresh and dry root extracts of Boerhavia diffusa served as treatments which were compared with Lambda-cyhalothrin and a control. The experiment was fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data collected were subjected to Spearman’s correlation analysis and a two-way analysis of variance and significant different means were separated using Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5 % level of probability. The results revealed that treated plants generally performed better than the untreated plants as they were taller, had more leaves, branches, wider stem girths and gave higher fruit yield. Fresh root extract of B. diffusa performed better in most parameters measured. A significant positive correlation was observed between insect pest populations, and between growth and yield parameters, while there was a significant negative correlation between overall yield and insect pest population. NHAe 47-4 okra variety performed better than F1-Lucky variety. Fresh root extract of B. diffusa is recommended for management of B. tabaci (Genadius, 1889) and Amrasca biguttula Ishida, 1912 in okra.

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Evaluasi Pertumbuhan dan Daya Hasil Empat Belas Cabai Hibrida

Comm Horticulturae Journal ◽

10.29244/chj.1.1.20-25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Arya Widura Ritonga ◽

Muhamad Syukur ◽

Sriani Sujiprihati ◽

Arif Rahman Hakim

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Block Design ◽

Selection Index ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Alternative Strategy ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Hybrid Variety ◽

Index Value ◽

Chili Peppers

Planting chili pepper hybrid varieties offers an alternative strategy to fill the needs of chili pepper in Indonesia. Theaim of the experiment was to evaluate and select fourteen chili pepper hybrids thus obtained chili peppers hybrid potential to be released as hybrid varieties. The experimental design was used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with one factor and three replications. Plant materials consist of fourteen chili pepper hybrid and one commercial hybrid of chili pepper. IPB CH-I produced higher selection index value than commercial hybrid of chili pepper. The IPB CH-I was potential to be released as hybrid variety of chili pepper.Keywords: hybrid varieties, selection, selection index

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ANALYSIS OF PLANT FRAGARIA XANANASSA DISEASE DIAGNOSES USING PRODUCTION RULES BASE ON EXPERT SYSTEM

Jurnal Pilar Nusa Mandiri ◽

10.33480/pilar.v16i1.1174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Basiroh Basiroh ◽

Wiji Lestari

Keyword(s):

Expert System ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

General Public ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Proper Treatment ◽

Harvest Time ◽

Production Rules

Errors that occur in solving problems in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa) such as the presence of leaf patches, fruit rot, perforated leaves, and insect pests can be the cause of not maximum in harvest time. The farmers and the general public who planted strawberry (Fragaria Xananassa) need to know the proper treatment of diseases and pests so that future yields as expected. Therefore, it takes an application as a solution in the delivery of information related to the problems that are often encountered in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa). Methods of production rules can be used to diagnose the disease strawberry (Fragaria Xananassa) based on signs or symptoms that occur in the parts of plants and strawberry, the results of diagnosis using this method are the same as we do Consultation on experts. The purpose of this study was to determine the early diagnosis of disease in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa) based on signs or symptoms that occur in the plant and fruit parts. The results of the analysis of this study showed that the validation of disease and symptom data in strawberry plants (Fragaria Xananassa) reached 99%, meaning that between the data of symptoms and disease understudy the accuracy was guaranteed with the experts.

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Medic Interaction Modes and Hospitalized Children Health

10.31124/advance.8337683 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Naveed Shibli ◽

Miss Shehrish Farooq

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Block Design ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Hospitalized Children ◽

Face Pain ◽

Children Health ◽

Face Pain Scale

In the present experimental study different interaction ‘modes’ those took place between a psychologist and a child were tested for the role of these towards health recovery of the child? Following were the interaction modes, a) presenting a flower with smile plus inquiring about health, b) offering a blessing plus inquiring about health, c) making an indifferent presence plus inquiring about health with flat tone, d) inquiring about health with providing precautions about prognosis. It was assumed that all modes would differently influence health outcomes? 100 hospitalized children located in child wards of different hospitals with randomized pre-post block design interacted. One each from four interaction modes was used for a group of 25 participants each. Actual ward discharge was compared with anticipatory estimated by each ward in-charge to calculate effect of mode on outcome. Face Pain Scale, The Children Happiness Scale and a Demographic Sheet were also used. Results reflected ‘modes’ relationship with outcomes. More studies would clarify further.

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