Modelling of the Motion and Interaction of a Droplet of an Inkjet Printing Process with Physically Treated Polymers Substrates

This study examines the effect of energetic surface treatment on the adhesion strength of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The purpose of this work is to determine the surface wettability of polymers suitable for food contact. These plastics have been treated with various pre-treatment methods to improve surface tension and good adhesion for inkjet printing and avoid any visual changes. It is important to determine the adhesion of the ink to the polymer surface to improve post-consumer recycling. Digital inks have been tested on various treated plastics to analyse coating properties and adhesion forces in accordance with DIN ISO 2409 standards. The impact of the inkjet droplet on the treated and non-treated surface was also investigated using the COMSOL computer simulation software.

Transcriptional Regulation of Ripening in Chili Pepper Fruits (Capsicum spp.)

Chili peppers represent a very important horticultural crop that is cultivated and commercialized worldwide. The ripening process makes the fruit palatable, desirable, and attractive, thus increasing its quality and nutritional value. This process includes visual changes, such as fruit coloration, flavor, aroma, and texture. Fruit ripening involves a sequence of physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that must be finely regulated at the transcriptional level. In this review, we integrate current knowledge about the transcription factors involved in the regulation of different stages of the chili pepper ripening process.

Neuro-ophthalmology: Disorders of Visual Perception, Pupils, and Eyelids

Visual loss may develop acutely, subacutely, or insidiously. The course may be transient, static, or progressive. This chapter reviews the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of various disorders resulting in visual loss or abnormal visual perception. In addition, it reviews clinical disorders of the eyelids and pupils. Disorders of visual perception involve visual acuity, color perception, visual field defects, and other visual changes. Historical information and physical findings on examination can help to localize the problem and define the cause.

The Correlation Between Body Weight and Intraocular Pressure

INTRODUCTION: Preflight body weight is a strong predictor of visual changes in spaceflight. To understand the effect of body weight on the eye, we examined the effect of increased body mass index on intraocular pressure on Earth.METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to summarize the relationship between weight parameters (including body mass index (BMI) and obesity indices), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Study selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL, from database inception to the second week of April 2020.RESULTS: A total of 66 individual studies were included for qualitative analysis from the 1364 studies eligible for title and abstract screening. A total of 39 studies were available for quantitative analysis. The average BMI was 25.9 (range, 20.148.8) and the average IOP was 14.9 mmHg (range, 11.627.8). The overall pooled RR between BMI and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was 1.06 (95 CI%, 1.041.07), meaning for each unit increase in BMI one is 6 more likely of having higher IOP than baseline. Two studies assessed the effects of bariatric surgery, and both showed significant decreases in IOP postoperatively.CONCLUSION: A higher BMI was associated with increased IOP in ground-based studies. IOP also decreased with weight loss. These data support the idea that alterations in body weight affect intraocular pressures. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between body weight, IOP, and microgravity-induced visual changes. This finding may also be useful clinically.Khan S, Kirubarajan A, Lee M, Pitha I, Buckey JC Jr. The correlation between body weight and intraocular pressure. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(11):886-897.

Which emphasis technique to use? Perception of emphasis techniques with varying distractors, backgrounds, and visualization types

Emphasis effects are visual changes that make data elements distinct from their surroundings. Designers may use computational saliency models to predict how a viewer’s attention will be guided by a specific effect; however, although saliency models provide a foundational understanding of emphasis perception, they only cover specific visual effects in abstract conditions. To address these limitations, we carried out crowdsourced studies that evaluate emphasis perception in a wider range of conditions than previously studied. We varied effect magnitude, distractor number and type, background, and visualization type, and measured the perceived emphasis of 12 visual effects. Our results show that there are perceptual commonalities of emphasis across a wide range of environments, but also that there are limitations on perceptibility for some effects, dependent on a visualization’s background or type. We developed a model of emphasis predictability based on simple scatterplots that can be extended to other viewing conditions. Our studies provide designers with new understanding of how viewers experience emphasis in realistic visualization settings.

Hyperviscosity Retinopathy and Immunogammopathy Maculopahy as New Onset of Multiple Myeloma

The purpose is to report a case of immunogammopathy maculopathy and hyperviscosity retinopathy as the presenting feature of new-onset multiple myeloma (MM) in an otherwise healthy man. A 50-years-old man presented with painless visual changes in both eyes for 2 months. Ocular examination revealed bilateral CRVO-like associated with macular edema (ME) and an inferior serous detachment. Hematologic investigation revealed an increased percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow, reaching the diagnosis of MM IgM/kappa. Clinical support and chemotherapy effectively improved ocular alterations, despite the residual ME. Injection of triamcinolone was carried out, without any response. Bilateral vision reduction with hyperviscosity syndrome-related retinopathy and immunogammopathy maculopathy was the first manifestation of an underlying systemic and potentially fatal disease. This case highlights the need for diligent and thorough investigations for less common systemic conditions associated with retinal vein occlusions.

Comparison of conjunctival free autograft and Rotational flap technique in primary pterygium surgery: Visual changes and safety profiles

Aims and objectives: To evaluate the postoperative symptomatic comfort, visual changes,complication and rate of recurrence in free conjunctival autograft and rotational flap technique inprimary pterygium surgery. Materials & Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 60 eyesof 60 patients, presented with primary progressive nasal pterygium larger than 1mm causingsymptomatic discomfort, astigmatism and cosmetic disfigurement. Patients were divided into twogroups randomly. In group A, patients with pterygium excision with free conjunctival autograft andgroup B, pterygium excision with rotation flap technique were included. Post-operative day 1symptomatic comfort (symptoms and signs), graft stability, corneal clarity and any complicationwere noted. Visual acuity (VA), auto-refracto keratometer measurements and detailedbiomicroscopic examinations, were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1month and 3months. Results: Most of the patients in our study were in the middle age group of 40-49 years(41.6%). Out of 60 patients, 35 were males (58.4%) and 25 were females (41.6%). Patients withoutdoor activities had a higher prevalence of pterygium (78.4%). The incidence of pterygium wasmore in the right eye (60%) than left eye (40%). Of the 60 patients, Grade I, II and III pterygiumwas 20%, 56.7% and 23.3% in group A and 16.7%, 63.3% and 20% in group B respectively. Themean symptomatic score was statistically significantly higher for group A for each factor (P<0.05).In the 3rd month, the overall patient’s satisfaction score was significantly higher in group B(P<0.05). Conclusion: Both surgical techniques were equally effective in terms of visual acuity,astigmatism and recurrence. The patient’s satisfaction score was significantly higher in the rotationflap technique group.