scholarly journals Abdominal tuberculosis in children

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Heda Melinda Nataprawira ◽  
Henny Komalia
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Point ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Pleural Involvement

Abdominal tuberculosis is one of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis commonly found in adolescens, however, due to its non-specific and vague abdominal symptoms, it is rarely found and reported in children. To evaluate abdominaltuberculosis in children from clinical point of view, we conducted a 5-year retrospective study on children hospitalized over a period of 1995 to 1999 in Hasan Sadikin Hospital-Bandung. Of the 15 children diagnosed as having abdominal tuberculosis, 10 (66.7%) were female and 5 (33,3%) male, age ranged from 14 – 162 months and most of them were > 10 years of age.On admission, abdominal distention was the most common complaint found (60.0%), followed by dyspnoe 3 (20.0%), abdominal pain 2 (13.3%) and generalized oedem 1 (6.7%). Most of the children (93.3%) were undernourished which half of them were severely undernourished. Seven children showed positive Mantoux testing with PPD 5 TU. There was familyhistory of adults TB discovered in 9 (60%) of the children. Eighty-percent had BCG vaccination and 6 (50%) of the showed positive scarr. Chest X-ray showed pulmonal and/or pleural involvement in 13 of the 15 children (86.7%). All ascitic fluid taken from 9 patients showed increased protein level and lymphocyte predominance. Histopathologic examinations of 5 childrensupported the diagnosis. There was no positive results of acid fast bacilli and culture done for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in gastric aspirate as well as ascitic fuid. Peritonitis tuberculosis was most commonly diagnosed (80.0%), followed by mesenterial/nodal tuberculosis (20.0%). All of the children followed (60.0%) responded well to the drugs therapy.

scholarly journals Latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis in children and adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassia Satsuki Ishikawa ◽  
Olivia Mari Matsuo ◽  
Flavio Sarno
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection. Methods: A retrospective study, between 2012 and 2015, with data from patients of Programa Einstein na Comunidade de Paraisópolis. To evaluate possible factors associated with patient's sex and diagnoses of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection, χ2 or Fisher's exact tests were used for qualitative variables, and Mann-Whitney test for quantitative or ordinal qualitative variables. Results: A total of 77 patients were evaluated. Age ranged from 6 months to 13.4 years, with a majority of males (54.5%), aged zero to 4 years (54.5%), diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (64.9%), and classified as eutrophic (71.2%). The tuberculin test was positive in 92% and in most cases the values were above 10mm (68.0%). Approximately three-quarters of chest X-ray tests were normal (72.7%). After chest X-ray, computed tomography of thorax was the most ordered exam (29.9%), followed by smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the gastric aspirate (28.6%). The frequencies of altered chest X-ray (70.4% versus 4.0%), computed tomography of thorax requests (55.6% versus 16.0%) and other tests requested (81.5% versus 38.0%) were significantly higher in patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis, relative to those with latent tuberculosis infection, respectively. Conclusion: In our sample, proportions of altered chest X-ray, and performing computed tomography of thorax and other tests in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis were higher than in those with latent tuberculosis infection.

Abdominal Tuberculosis in Children: Challenges, Uncertainty, and Confusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Sartoris ◽  
James A Seddon ◽  
Helena Rabie ◽  
Etienne D Nel ◽  
H Simon Schaaf
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Abstract The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is challenging, and the prevalence of abdominal TB in children is likely underestimated. It may present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms and signs, but children who present with pulmonary TB may have additional abdominal subclinical involvement. Diagnosis is specifically challenging because none of the available diagnostic tools provide adequate sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we summarize the best available evidence on abdominal TB in children, covering the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. We propose a diagnostic approach that could be followed for symptomatic children. We believe that a combination of investigations could be useful to both aid diagnosis and define the extent of the disease, and we propose that abdominal ultrasound should be used more frequently in children with possible TB and any abdominal symptoms. This neglected disease has received little attention to date, and further research is warranted.

scholarly journals Tuberculose em Idade Pediátrica: Experiência de 12 Anos num Centro Terciário de Referência em Portugal

2022 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Borges ◽  
Ana Paula Rocha ◽  
Carlota Veiga de Macedo ◽  
Tiago Milheiro Silva ◽  
Catarina Gouveia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Thoracic Wall ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Gastric Aspirate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Introduction: The diagnosis of tuberculosis in children is a challenge namely because extrapulmonary tuberculosis and severe disease are more frequent in this age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate and reflect about severe tuberculosis in pediatric age, in a metropolitan area of Lisbon.Material and Methods: Descriptive study about patients under 18 years of age admitted with tuberculosis disease in a tertiary pediatric hospital, from 2008 to 2019 (12 years).Results: We report 145 patients, average of 12 cases/year, with an increase in the last three years. Median age of 12.9 years, 42.8% born in Portuguese-speaking African countries and 20% had a chronic disease. The diagnosis was pulmonary tuberculosis in 52.4% (n = 76) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in 47.6%: lymphatic (n = 26), skeletal (n = 15), miliary (n = 8), meningeal (n = 7), peritoneal/ intestinal (n = 6), pleural (n = 4), renal (n = 1), cutaneous (n = 1), thoracic wall (n = 1) and salivary glands (n = 1). The tuberculin test was positive in 78/99 (78.8%) and Interferon Gamma Release Assay in 61/90 (67.8%). In 20.7% (n = 30) acid-fast bacilli were identified in gastric aspirate/sputum and the agent was identified in 59.3% (n = 86). Tuberculosis was resistant in 11% (n = 16). Patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis were younger (p = 0.006) and had more prolonged therapy (p < 0.001). Therapy-related complications occurred in 11% (n = 16). One patient died (with terminal cancer).Conclusion: This study highlights the need for screening of tuberculosis in children from endemic countries, patients with immunosuppression and chronic disease.

scholarly journals Seorang Wanita Muda dengan Tuberkulosis Usus Menyerupai Apendiksitis Akut

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Kadek Widianiti ◽  
Tutik Kusmiati ◽  
Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Abdominal Radiograph ◽  
Plain Abdominal Radiograph ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Obstructive Ileus ◽  
The Right

Background: Tuberculosis has become a global health problem, with increasing numbers of cases in line with the increasing number of immunocompromised patients. Intestinal of tuberculosis is believed to be a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis which will occur most often in the future . Case: This case presents a young woman, 20 years old, suspected of acute appendicitis with suspected perforation, had right abdominal pain since 1 month and getting worse since 5 days PTA (prior to admission). The abdomen enlarges and feels hard on the right abdomen after being treated for 3 days. Fever,body weaknes,decreased of appetite, decreased of body weight approximately 7 kg since 2 months PTA. There are nausea, vomiting, diarea with runny mucus since 2 weeks PTA. The chest x-ray, abdominal ultrasound, endoscopy was normal result and plain abdominal radiograph showed that intestinal dilatation and step ladder features suspicious obstructive ileus. Discussion: After 2 months of therapy abdominal symptoms improved and weight began to gradually increase. Intestinal of tuberculosis is a challenge for clinicians to diagnose despite using modern medical techniques because the clinical and laboratory features are not specific especially when active pulmonary infection is absent and there are similarities with other abdominal diseases. The histological features will provide a diagnose. The delay in diagnosis will lead to more severe complications. Conclusion: At present a combination of clinical, radiological and pathological features continues to be the key to diagnosing intestinal tuberculosis. Medical management with antituberculosis drugs will produce a significant resolution of symptoms.

Tuberculosis: Diagnostic Challenges in Rural Africa

Praxis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (15) ◽  
pp. 991-996
Author(s):  
Ngisi Masawa ◽  
Farida Bani ◽  
Robert Ndege
Keyword(s):  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Screening Questions ◽  
Rural Africa ◽  
Tb Diagnostics ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
Urine Strip

Abstract. Tuberculosis (TB) remains among the top 10 infectious diseases with highest mortality globally since the 1990s despite effective chemotherapy. Among 10 million patients that fell ill with tuberculosis in the year 2017, 36 % were undiagnosed or detected and not reported; the number goes as high as 55 % in Tanzania, showing that the diagnosis of TB is a big challenge in the developing countries. There have been great advancements in TB diagnostics with introduction of the molecular tests such as Xpert MTB/RIF, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, lipoarabinomannan urine strip test, and molecular line-probe assays. However, most of the hospitals in Tanzania still rely on the TB score chart in children, the WHO screening questions in adults, acid-fast bacilli and chest x-ray for the diagnosis of TB. Xpert MTB/RIF has been rolled-out but remains a challenge in settings where the samples for testing must be transported over many kilometers. Imaging by sonography – nowadays widely available even in rural settings of Tanzania – has been shown to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Despite all the efforts and new diagnostics, 30–50 % of patients in high-burden TB countries are still empirically treated for tuberculosis. More efforts need to be placed if we are to reduce the death toll by 90 % until 2030.

scholarly journals Neonatal Birthmarks at the 4 Central Hospitals in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2199090
Author(s):  
Vilounna Sanaphay ◽  
Sourideth Sengchanh ◽  
Alongkone Phengsavanh ◽  
Anousavanh Sanaphay ◽  
Leelawadee Techasatian
Keyword(s):  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Parental Anxiety ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Clinical Point ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures

Newborn skin disorders are quite common and happen to occur during the neonatal period. Most of the birthmarks are transient; however, worried parents often seek medical advice from their child’s physician regarding skin lesions. Thus, it is important to differentiate the skin lesions from pathologic ones to avoid unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. This is the first published study in Lao neonates that carried out the data from 4 central hospitals in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR from September 2019 to February 2020. Among 500 neonates, Sebaceous gland hyperplasia (53%), Mongolian patches (46.6%), and Erythema toxicum neonatorum (30%) were the 3 most common cutaneous conditions found in the Lao newborns. From a clinical point of view, these findings are often a source of parental anxiety and medical concern for inexperienced clinicians.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness of Investigations for Invasive Bladder Cancer

1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M T Hunt ◽  
C R J Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intravenous Urography ◽  
Liver Scan ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

The results of diagnostic and staging investigations in consecutive cases of invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are reviewed. Urine culture, urine cytology and intravenous urography had positive results in a high percentage of cases. As diagnostic investigations they are cost-effective but certainly do not remove the obligation to perform cystoscopy and examination under anaesthetic. Isotopic bone scan and liver scan showed metastases in 4 and one cases respectively and only when there were clinical signs of disseminated disease. Chest X-ray showed metastases in one case. These investigations are not cost-effective. Lymphangiography was positive in 12 of the 94 cases and, although expensive (£70), is still a staging investigation of value in planning treatment.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS AND SIMPLE HERPES

1927 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Flexner
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The State ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Epidemic Encephalitis ◽  
Direct Corollary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

The purpose of this paper is to explain the state of our knowledge of the etiology of epidemic encephalitis, and especially to draw a line of demarcation between the established virus of simple herpes and the hypothetical virus of epidemic encephalitis. It had already been shown that the experimental observations on rabbits do no suffice to prove the identity of the herpes with the encephalitis virus. The discussion of the subject in this paper shows that identity cannot be postulated on the basis of the performed guinea pig experiments. Attention has been drawn to the significant fact that there is lack of harmony in the positive results of those investigators who believe that the incitants of epidemic encephalitis have been discovered. An attempt has been made to attribute some of the discrepancies reported by these investigators either to accidental and contaminating microbic agents, or to the uncovering of virulent agents preexisting in a latent state in the animals employed for inoculation, the existence of which was not previously known or suspected. Since past experience leads us to believe in a single incitant for widespread epidemic diseases, it is probable that, when certainly discovered, the microbe of epidemic encephalitis will prove to be simple and not multiple. The direct corollary to this point of view is that up to the present, the etiology of epidemic encephalitis has not been determined.

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