Is Palatal Rugae Morphology Stable in Patients Treated with Myofunctional Therapy in Skeletal Class II Cases?

BACKGROUND Palatine rugae are small transverse structures present in the anterior 2 / 3rd of the palate. These rugae are protected by various structures of the oral cavity. They are immovable structures but variations in the oral cavity may lead to alterations in these small structures. There have been many studies that have quoted changes in these rugae patterns with various tooth movements whereas various other studies demonstrate no significant changes. None of the studies in specific have mentioned about palatal rugae changes with myofunctional appliances. The objective of this research was to evaluate the palatal rugae morphology and its stability after myofunctional therapy, as expansion and movement of teeth might lead to changes in these rugae. METHODS A total of 90 maxillary casts, 30 of Class I, 30 of Class II pre-treatment and casts of same subjects after myofunctional therapy, patients age ranging between 10 and 13 years were selected for the study. Length, intermedial and interlateral distances, angle of divergence and position of rugae were studied based on Lysell Classification 1955 and Thomas and Kotze Classification 1983. RESULTS Secondary and fragmentary rugae were found to be statistically significant as they were increased in Class II samples compared to Class I. The rugae in Class II samples were found to be shorter and therefore significant results were seen. IM1, IM2, IM4, IM5 and IM6 were found to be statistically significant respectively. Similarly, IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL6 were appreciable. IM1 was found to be appreciable. IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 were statistically significant. Significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment groups. Statistically significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment group. Incisive papilla to posterior border of last rugae (IP-PBA) was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Myofunctional therapy did have an effect on the rugae pattern. But the age group of 10 – 13 years consisted of growing individuals. Therefore, it could not be concluded as to whether the changes were because of growth taking place or because of myofunctional therapy. KEY WORDS Palatine Rugae, Myofunctional Appliances, Class II Malocclusion

Download Full-text

Perbedaan ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal ditinjau dari radiografi sefalometriThe difference in the maxillary sinus size of skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in terms of cephalometric radiographs

Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkg.v33i1.30240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Brandon Thamran ◽

Mimi Marina Lubis

Keyword(s):

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean

Pendahuluan: Ukuran sinus maksilaris dapat dipengaruhi maloklusi skeletal, oleh karena itu pengetahuan dalam perkembangan dan ukuran sinus maksilaris penting dalam diagnosa dan menentukan rencana perawatan kasus maloklusi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Jenis penelitian Penelitian deskriptif analitik dilakukan pada 96 pasien RSGM USU usia 18-35 tahun dengan Teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari 27 relasi rahang Kelas I, 31 Kelas II dan 22 Kelas III. Subjek diperoleh melalui pengukuran metode Steiner. Hasil tracing dipindahkan melalui scanner dan pengukuran luas Sinus Maksilaris dengan program AutoCAD. Hasil: Rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal adalah 1492,18268,44 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1614,80259,13 mm2 untuk perempuan p=0,275, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, Kelas II skeletal adalah 1879,75 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1544,41239,47 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,016, maka terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas II skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, dan Kelas III skeletal adalah 1619,36 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1489,92 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,239, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Rerata ukuran antar kelompok didapatkan 1572,93 263,72 mm2 untuk Kelas I skeletal, 1609,32 mm2 untuk Kelas II skeletal, dan 1531,11 mm2 untuk Kelas III skeletal dengan p=0,600, Hasil ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan rerata sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan pada rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal.Kata kunci: Ukuran sinus maksilaris, maloklusi skeletal, analisa Steiner, radiogram sefalometri. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Maxillary sinus size can be affected by skeletal malocclusion. Therefore knowledge of maxillary sinus development and size is essential in diagnosing and determining the treatment plan for malocclusion cases. This study was aimed to analyse the mean difference in maxillary sinus size in skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in males and females. Methods: This type of study was a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 96 patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital aged 18-35 years with a purposive sampling technique, consisting of 27 Class I, 31 Class II and 22 Class III jaw relations. Subjects were obtained by measuring the Steiner method. The tracing results were transferred through a scanner and measuring the maxillary sinus area using the AutoCAD program. Results: The mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus was 1492.18268.44 mm2 for men and 1614,80259.13 mm2 for women p = 0.275, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus in males and females. Class II skeletal is 1879.75 mm2 for men and 1544.41239.47 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.016. Hence, there is a significant difference between the mean skeletal Class II maxillary sinus in males and females, and skeletal Class III is 1619.36 mm2 for men and 1489.92 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.239, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class III maxillary sinus in males and females. The mean size between groups was 1572.93 263.72 mm2 for skeletal Class I, 1609.32 mm2 for skeletal Class II, and 1531.11 mm2 for skeletal Class III with p = 0.600. skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions. Conclusion: There was no difference in mean maxillary sinus size in skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.Keywords: Maxillary sinus size, skeletal malocclusion, Steiner analysis, cephalometric radiograph.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Facial Esthetics using Golden Proportion Values in Dravidian Population for Different Classes of Malocclusions

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.3850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 418-422

Author(s):

Prasanna Arvind T R ◽

Navaneethan Ramasamy ◽

Sri Rengalakshmi

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Golden Proportion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Facial Esthetics ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Facial Proportions

Improvement in esthetic appearance and functional occlusion are the pillars of contemporary orthodontic procedures. The aim of this study was to assess variations in facial proportions between skeletal classes I, II, III populations in order to establish objective departures from Golden Proportion norms. The study sample was divided into three groups based on the skeletal malocclusion, namely skeletal class I, class II and class III groups. Various markers were identified in these photographs in order to define facial symmetry and balance with the ideal values. Golden Proportion values were compared with that of the obtained results, and these values were checked for skeletal class I, II, III malocclusions. Our study showed a significant difference between skeletal class II and III malocclusions when correlated with Golden Proportion values. Skeletal Class I malocclusions showed a greater correlation with golden proportion values. Golden proportion ratios are more valid in cases of skeletal class I malocclusions. Hence, the objective of treating class II and class III malocclusions should be more focused on attaining values closer to the desired ratio for optimal facial balance and symmetry.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Cervical Vertebral Body Volume in Class II Vertical and Class II Horizontal Cases With Class I Cases Using 3D-DVT

The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society ◽

10.1177/0301574220947418 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 332-337

Author(s):

Hamza Saifuddin Dargahwala ◽

Pallavi Daigavane ◽

Vausdevan SD ◽

Ranjit Kamble ◽

Sunita Shrivastav ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertebral Body ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Class Ii ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Class I ◽

Body Volume ◽

Reference Structure ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cervical Vertebral Body

The branch of orthodontics has had an interest in the cervical vertebrae wherein cervical spine is used as a reference structure for natural head position, so skeletal age was evaluated by studying variations in the cervical vertebral morphologies. Among all evaluations, very limited data is available wherein comparison between cervical vertebral body volumes between the different malocclusions has been done. This study aimed to compare the differences in the volumes of cervical vertebral bodies of C2, C3, and C4 between skeletal class I and class II malocclusions of both horizontal and vertical growth patterns. In class I the volume was significantly lesser as compared to class II. It was seen that there was statistically no significant difference in the volume between the horizontal and vertical growers. It can be concluded from this study that cervical vertebral body volume has no effect on growth pattern. However, variations in cervical vertebral body volume are seen with different malocclusions.

Download Full-text

Anatomical characteristics of mandibular bone in skeletal Class I, II and III patients by using cone beam computed tomography images in an iranian population

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2021.v24i2.2475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Zandi ◽

Abbas Shokri ◽

Vahid Mollabashi ◽

Zahed Eghdami ◽

Payam Amini

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Anatomical Characteristics ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Ramus Height

Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks. Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.

Download Full-text

First premolar extractions in an adolescent presenting a Class I biprotrusion malocclusion with skeletal Class II: A case report

International Orthodontics ◽

10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 817-825

Author(s):

Frédéric Rafflenbeul ◽

Hadrien Bonomi-Dunoyer ◽

Thibaut Siebert ◽

Yves Bolender

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii

Download Full-text

Effects of different nose types on class II treatments for female patients

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-019-0296-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ozkan Semih Cankaya ◽

Fatih Celebi ◽

Ali Altug Bicakci

Keyword(s):

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Planning Process ◽

Computer Software ◽

Class Ii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Female Patients ◽

Lay People ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Aesthetic

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nose types on the perception of facial aesthetics following camouflage treatment and orthognathic surgery for skeletal class II female patients. Methods A pre-treatment profile photograph of a skeletal class II adult patient was selected from the department archive. Two constructed photographs were created to represent orthognathic surgery and camouflage treatments with the aid of computer software. A total of 18 constructed images was composed using three profiles (pre-treatment, post-camouflage, and post-orthognathic surgery) and six nose types. These photographs were shown to the three groups (orthodontists, plastic surgeons, and lay people), and they were asked to assign an attractiveness score to each photo ranging from 0 to 100, with 0 indicating the least attractive and 100 indicating the most attractive. Results For the convex nose profiles, anterior movement of the mandible obtained by orthognathic surgery did not result in a significant change in the scores given by the lay people. When surgical or camouflage treatment was not implemented and, instead, just rhinoplasty was performed for these profiles, there was a significant increase in the aesthetic scores given by all groups. For the straight nose profiles, orthognathic surgery increased the attractiveness scores given by all groups. Furthermore, for all the profiles, extraction treatment did not affect the aesthetic scores given by any of the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The lay people perceived that having a convex-bridged nose was a bigger problem than having a retrognathic profile. Overall, in terms of skeletal and dental orthodontic treatments, nose shape should be considered during the treatment planning process.

Download Full-text

Anteroposterior and Vertical Changes in Skeletal Class II Patients Treated With Modified Thurow Appliance

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302389 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 170-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matheus Melo Pithon ◽

Rogério Lacerda dos Santos ◽

Gêisa Aiane de Morais Sampaio ◽

Izaura Helena Chaves de Meneses ◽

Raildo Silva Coqueiro

Keyword(s):

Class Ii ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Angular Measurements ◽

Cervical Traction ◽

Vertical Changes ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Post Hoc

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-treatment anteroposterior and vertical alterations in skeletal Class II malocclusion with different maxillary patterns in patients treated with modified Thurow appliance. Forty-five patients (22 girls and 23 boys) with skeletal Class II and angle SN.GoGn ≤ 35 and different maxillary patterns (n=15), as follows: retrusive (SNA<80°), normal (SNA=80°- 84°) or protrusive (SNA>84°) maxilla; mean age 9 years at pre-treatment (T1) and 9 years and 10 months at post-treatment (T2), were treated with modified Thurow cervical traction appliance, with expander screw and extraoral face bow with 10° to 20° fold in relation to the intraoral arch. Force of 500 gf was applied and use for 12 to 14 h/day, with fortnightly adjustments. Analysis of variance ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Mann-Whitney were used (α=5%). In changes obtained from stage T1 to T2, no statistically significant differences were found among the groups Protrusive, normal and retrusive maxilla for the variables SNB, SN.GoGn, 1.NA, overjet, overbite and Class II discrepancy (right and left) (p>0.05). Angular measurements SNA and ANB in the protrusive maxilla group were significantly greater than in the normal and retrusive maxilla groups (p<0.01). However, in the normal maxilla group these values did not differ significantly from those of the retrusive maxilla group (p>0.05). Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that the modified Thurow cervical traction appliance was efficient for the correction of skeletal Class II irrespective of the maxillary pattern. The mandible had no significant rotation during treatment.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the position and morphology of tongue and hyoid bone in skeletal Class II malocclusion based on cone beam computed tomography

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01839-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wener Chen ◽

HungEn Mou ◽

Yufen Qian ◽

Liwen Qian

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Hyoid Bone ◽

Class Ii ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Average Angle

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to analyze the morphology and position of the tongue and hyoid bone in skeletal Class II patients with different vertical growth patterns by cone beam computed tomography in comparison to skeletal Class I patients. Methods Ninety subjects with malocclusion were divided into skeletal Class II and Class I groups by ANB angles. Based on different vertical growth patterns, subjects in each group were divided into 3 subgroups: high-angle group (MP-FH ≥ 32.0°), average-angle group (22.0° ≤ MP-FH < 32°) and low-angle group (MP-FH < 22°). The position and morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone were evaluated in the cone beam computed tomography images. The independent Student’s t‐test was used to compare the position and morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone between skeletal Class I and Class II groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the measurement indexes of different vertical facial patterns in each group. Results Patients in skeletal Class II group had lower tongue posture, and the tongue body was smaller than that of those in the Class I group (P < 0.05). The position of the hyoid bone was lower in the skeletal Class II group than in Class I group (P < 0.05). The tongue length and H-Me in the skeletal Class I group with a low angle were significantly larger than those with an average angle and high angle (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the position or morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone in the skeletal Class II group with different vertical facial patterns (P > 0.05). Conclusion Patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion have lower tongue posture, a smaller tongue body, and greater occurrence of posterior inferior hyoid bone position than skeletal Class I patients. The length of the mandibular body in skeletal Class I patients with a horizontal growth type is longer. The position and morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone were not greatly affected by vertical facial development in skeletal Class II patients.

Download Full-text

Perawatan Ortodontik Interseptif dengan Alat Aktivator pada Periode Percepatan Pertumbuhan

Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Klinik ◽

10.22146/mkgk.11915 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Setiarini Widiarsanti ◽

Darmawan Sutantyo ◽

Pinandi Sri Pudyani

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Mouth Breathing ◽

Class I ◽

Growth Spurt ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Time Treatment ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Short Period ◽

The Right

Perawatan ortodontik interseptif efektif untuk mengurangi keparahan maloklusi disertai dengan kebiasaan buruk. Pemilihan waktu perawatan sangat penting agar perawatan dapat berhasil. Periode percepatan pertumbuhan berkisar antara 10-12 tahun untuk perempuan dan 12-14 tahun untuk laki-laki. Aktivator dengan skrup ekspansi digunakan untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan mandibula, untuk mendapatkan ruang dari ekspansi pada kedua lengkung rahang dan untuk menghentikan kebiasaan buruk. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini adalah untuk memaparkan tata laksana perawatan dengan aktivator pada masa percepatan pertumbuhan. Pasien seorang laki-laki berusia 12 tahun datang dengan keluhan utama gigi atas maju dan kurang menarik. Kebiasaan buruk pasien adalah bernafas melalui mulut. Pemeriksaan objektif menunjukkan hubungan klas I pada kedua sisi, pola skeletal klas II, jarak inter P1 atas 35,7 mm dan jarak inter P1 bawah 30,3 mm. Maloklusi Angle Klas I tipe dentoskeletal dengan tipe skeletal kelas II dan incisivus maksila protrusif, overjet: 9,5 mm, overbite: 6,2 mm, palatal bite, scissorbite, malposisi gigi individual, kebiasaan buruk bernafas melalui mulut dan pergeseran midline RA kekanan sebesar 1,6 mm. Setelah 4 bulan perawatan, kebiasaan buruk telah berhenti, overjet menjadi 5 mm, overbite menjadi 3,2 mm, jarak inter P1 atas 36,5 mm dan jarak inter P1 bawah 31,6 mm. Aktivator dengan skrup ekspansi efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya disharmoni rahang dengan modifikasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan rahang serta untuk menghentikan kebiasaan buruk dalam waktu singkat. Beberapa hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan ketepatan pemilihan waktu perawatan yaitu dalam periode percepatan pertumbuhan. ABSTRACT: Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Using Activator in Growth Spurt Period. Interceptive orthodontic treatment is effective to reduce the severity of malocclusion with oral bad habits. Time treatment is an important thing to make the treatment become successful. Growth spurt period in range 10-12 years old for female and 12-14 years old for male. Activator with an expansion screw was used to stimulate the mandibula growth, to create space by expanding both arches and to stop the bad habit. A 12 years old male patient with a chief complaint of protruded maxillary teeth and unpleasant appearance. The oral bad habit of patient was mouth breathing. Objective examination showed class I molar relationship on both sides, skeletal class II pattern, inter upper premolars was 35,7 mm and inter lower premolars was 30,3 mm. Angle malocclusion class I with skeletal class II and protruded incisive maxilla, overjet 9,5 mm, overbite 6,2 mm, mouth breathing bad habit, upper midline shifting 1,6 mm to the right side. After 4 months of treatment the oral bad habit was stop, overjet 5 mm, overbite 3,2 mm, inter upper premolars 36,5 mm and inter lower premolars 31,6 mm. Activator with an expansion screw was effectively prevent the skeletal disharmony by modification of growth and development of jaw, and stop the oral bad habit in short period of time. Those can be achieved by the right time choosing in growth spurt period for the treatment.

Download Full-text