scholarly journals Evaluation of Facial Esthetics using Golden Proportion Values in Dravidian Population for Different Classes of Malocclusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 418-422
Author(s):  
Prasanna Arvind T R ◽  
Navaneethan Ramasamy ◽  
Sri Rengalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Golden Proportion ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Facial Esthetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Facial Proportions

Improvement in esthetic appearance and functional occlusion are the pillars of contemporary orthodontic procedures. The aim of this study was to assess variations in facial proportions between skeletal classes I, II, III populations in order to establish objective departures from Golden Proportion norms. The study sample was divided into three groups based on the skeletal malocclusion, namely skeletal class I, class II and class III groups. Various markers were identified in these photographs in order to define facial symmetry and balance with the ideal values. Golden Proportion values were compared with that of the obtained results, and these values were checked for skeletal class I, II, III malocclusions. Our study showed a significant difference between skeletal class II and III malocclusions when correlated with Golden Proportion values. Skeletal Class I malocclusions showed a greater correlation with golden proportion values. Golden proportion ratios are more valid in cases of skeletal class I malocclusions. Hence, the objective of treating class II and class III malocclusions should be more focused on attaining values closer to the desired ratio for optimal facial balance and symmetry.

scholarly journals Perbedaan ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal ditinjau dari radiografi sefalometriThe difference in the maxillary sinus size of skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in terms of cephalometric radiographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Brandon Thamran ◽  
Mimi Marina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Pendahuluan: Ukuran sinus maksilaris dapat dipengaruhi maloklusi skeletal, oleh karena itu pengetahuan dalam perkembangan dan ukuran sinus maksilaris penting dalam diagnosa dan menentukan rencana perawatan kasus maloklusi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi kelas I, II, dan III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode: Jenis penelitian Penelitian deskriptif analitik dilakukan pada 96 pasien RSGM USU usia 18-35 tahun dengan Teknik purposive sampling, terdiri dari 27 relasi rahang Kelas I, 31 Kelas II dan 22 Kelas III. Subjek  diperoleh melalui pengukuran metode Steiner. Hasil tracing dipindahkan melalui scanner dan  pengukuran luas Sinus Maksilaris dengan program AutoCAD. Hasil: Rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal adalah 1492,18268,44 mm2  untuk laki-laki dan 1614,80259,13 mm2 untuk perempuan p=0,275, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata sinus maksilaris Kelas I skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, Kelas II skeletal adalah 1879,75 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1544,41239,47 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,016, maka terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rerata  sinus maksilaris Kelas II skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan, dan Kelas III skeletal adalah 1619,36 mm2 untuk laki-laki dan 1489,92 mm2 untuk perempuan diperoleh p=0,239, maka tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara rerata  sinus maksilaris  Kelas III skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan. Rerata ukuran antar kelompok didapatkan 1572,93 263,72 mm2  untuk Kelas I skeletal, 1609,32 mm2 untuk Kelas II skeletal, dan 1531,11 mm2 untuk Kelas III skeletal dengan p=0,600, Hasil ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan rerata  sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan pada rerata ukuran sinus maksilaris pada maloklusi Kelas I, Kelas II dan Kelas III skeletal.Kata kunci: Ukuran sinus maksilaris, maloklusi skeletal, analisa Steiner, radiogram sefalometri. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Maxillary sinus size can be affected by skeletal malocclusion. Therefore knowledge of maxillary sinus development and size is essential in diagnosing and determining the treatment plan for malocclusion cases. This study was aimed to analyse the mean difference in maxillary sinus size in skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions in males and females. Methods: This type of study was a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 96 patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital aged 18-35 years with a purposive sampling technique, consisting of 27 Class I, 31 Class II and 22 Class III jaw relations. Subjects were obtained by measuring the Steiner method. The tracing results were transferred through a scanner and measuring the maxillary sinus area using the AutoCAD program. Results: The mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus was 1492.18268.44 mm2 for men and 1614,80259.13 mm2 for women p = 0.275, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class I maxillary sinus in males and females. Class II skeletal is 1879.75 mm2 for men and 1544.41239.47 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.016. Hence, there is a significant difference between the mean skeletal Class II maxillary sinus in males and females, and skeletal Class III is 1619.36 mm2 for men and 1489.92 mm2 for women obtained p = 0.239, so there was no significant difference between the mean skeletal Class III maxillary sinus in males and females. The mean size between groups was 1572.93 263.72 mm2 for skeletal Class I, 1609.32 mm2 for skeletal Class II, and 1531.11 mm2 for skeletal Class III with p = 0.600. skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions. Conclusion: There was no difference in mean maxillary sinus size in skeletal Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions.Keywords: Maxillary sinus size, skeletal malocclusion, Steiner analysis, cephalometric radiograph.

scholarly journals Pattern of Malocclusion in Orthodontic Patients in South-Eastern Region of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Acharya ◽  
Bhushan Bhattarai ◽  
Diana George ◽  
Tarakant Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Occlusal traits in orthodontic patients have been studied in different parts of Nepal. However, very few data are available on malocclusion in south-eastern region of Nepal.Objective: To assess the pattern of malocclusion occurring in orthodontic patients in south-eastern region of Nepal, and to estimate the age of presentation of Class II malocclusion among the patients.Materials & Method: Data were collected from 150 pre-treatment study models and lateral cephalograms from two orthodontic specialty clinics in Biratnagar. Angle’s classification system was used to determine dental malocclusion and ANB angle was used to determine skeletal malocclusion. Chi square test was used to test the association between dental and skeleton malocclusions.Result: Angle’s Class I malocclusion was found in 95(63.33%), Class II Div 1 in 41(27.33%), Class II Div 2 in 13(8.66%) and Class III in 1(0.66%). Among all subjects; 119 (79.33%) had skeletal Class I, 24(16%) had skeletal Class II and 7(4.66%) had skeletal Class III. There was significant association between dental and skeletal malocclusions. The average age for reporting Class II Div 1 malocclusion was 16.5 years and Class II Div 2 malocclusion was 19 years.Conclusion: Angle’s Class I is the most common malocclusion followed by Class II and Class III among orthodontic patients in south-eastern Nepal. The subjects lack awareness on age factor for orthodontic treatment. 

Genetic Polymorphisms in FGFR2 Underlie Skeletal Malocclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1340-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Jiang ◽  
L. Mei ◽  
Y. Zou ◽  
Q. Ding ◽  
R.D. Cannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
The Common

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2) in craniofacial bones mediates osteoprogenitor proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The distortion of proper craniofacial bone growth may cause class II and class III skeletal malocclusion and result in compromised function and aesthetics. Here, we investigated the association between variations in FGFR2 and skeletal malocclusions. First, 895 subjects were included in a 2-stage case-control study with independent populations (stage 1: n = 138 class I, 111 class II, and 81 class III; stage 2: n = 279 class I, 187 class II, and 99 class III). Eight candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FGFR2 were screened and validated. Five SNPs (rs2162540, rs2981578, rs1078806, rs11200014, and rs10736303) were found to be associated with skeletal malocclusions (all P < 0.05). That is, rs2162540 was significantly associated with skeletal class II malocclusion, while others were associated with skeletal class III malocclusion. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the common genotypes of rs2981578 and rs10736303 contained the binding sites of RUNX2 and SMAD4. Compared with the common genotypes, the minor genotypes at these 2 SNPs decreased the binding affinity and enhancer effect of RUNX2 and SMAD4, as well the levels of FGFR2 expression. In addition, FGFR2 expression contributed positively to osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Thus, we identified FGFR2 as a skeletal malocclusion risk gene, and FGFR2 polymorphisms regulated its transcriptional expression and then osteogenic differentiation.

scholarly journals Anatomical characteristics of mandibular bone in skeletal Class I, II and III patients by using cone beam computed tomography images in an iranian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zandi ◽  
Abbas Shokri ◽  
Vahid Mollabashi ◽  
Zahed Eghdami ◽  
Payam Amini
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Ramus Height

Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks.   Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.

scholarly journals Relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Bashu Dev Pant ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Manju Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis

Introduction: Teeth eruption is important for the development of alveolar process which increases vertical height of the face and third molar is the last tooth to erupt in the oral cavity after birth. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between skeletal malocclusion and dental anomalies in Nepalese population. Materials & Method: A sample of 170 patients with agenesis of at least one third molar was divided into four groups according to the third-molar agenesis pattern. Panoramic radiographs, lateral cephalograph and cast models were used to determine the skeletal malocclusion and associated dental anomalies. The Pearson chi-square test was used for stastical analysis. Result: Among 170 patients more than half of the patients were female with the average age being 18.15 ± 3.64 years. Majority of the patients had Class I skeletal malocclusion followed by Class II and III but on group wise comparison of patients with different skeletal patterns Class I skeletal malocclusion had highest prevalence of dental anomalies followed by Class III and Class II malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevalence of third-molar agenesis was more in skeletal class I malocclusion followed by class II and III but skeletal Class I malocclusions had more dental anomalies followed by class III and class II malocclusion.

scholarly journals Is Palatal Rugae Morphology Stable in Patients Treated with Myofunctional Therapy in Skeletal Class II Cases?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Monika M. Ahuja ◽  
Ranjit H. Kamble ◽  
Sunita Shrivastava ◽  
Navjeet S. Gurudatta ◽  
Pooja S. Bidwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Myofunctional Therapy ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Palatal Rugae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

BACKGROUND Palatine rugae are small transverse structures present in the anterior 2 / 3rd of the palate. These rugae are protected by various structures of the oral cavity. They are immovable structures but variations in the oral cavity may lead to alterations in these small structures. There have been many studies that have quoted changes in these rugae patterns with various tooth movements whereas various other studies demonstrate no significant changes. None of the studies in specific have mentioned about palatal rugae changes with myofunctional appliances. The objective of this research was to evaluate the palatal rugae morphology and its stability after myofunctional therapy, as expansion and movement of teeth might lead to changes in these rugae. METHODS A total of 90 maxillary casts, 30 of Class I, 30 of Class II pre-treatment and casts of same subjects after myofunctional therapy, patients age ranging between 10 and 13 years were selected for the study. Length, intermedial and interlateral distances, angle of divergence and position of rugae were studied based on Lysell Classification 1955 and Thomas and Kotze Classification 1983. RESULTS Secondary and fragmentary rugae were found to be statistically significant as they were increased in Class II samples compared to Class I. The rugae in Class II samples were found to be shorter and therefore significant results were seen. IM1, IM2, IM4, IM5 and IM6 were found to be statistically significant respectively. Similarly, IL2, IL4, IL5 and IL6 were appreciable. IM1 was found to be appreciable. IL1, IL2, IL3 and IL4 were statistically significant. Significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment groups. Statistically significant difference was found in mean rugae value among Class I and Class II pre-treatment group. Incisive papilla to posterior border of last rugae (IP-PBA) was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Myofunctional therapy did have an effect on the rugae pattern. But the age group of 10 – 13 years consisted of growing individuals. Therefore, it could not be concluded as to whether the changes were because of growth taking place or because of myofunctional therapy. KEY WORDS Palatine Rugae, Myofunctional Appliances, Class II Malocclusion

scholarly journals Class II Skeletal Malocclusion and Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders. An Epidemiological Pilot Study on Growing Subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Grazia Fichera ◽  
Vincenzo Ronsivalle ◽  
Simona Santonocito ◽  
Khaled S. Aboulazm ◽  
Gaetano Isola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Group A ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of our work is to evaluate the correlation between skeletal Class II malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders, by assessing potential different frequency scores compared with Class I and Class III skeletal malocclusion, and to evaluate associated etiological and risk factors. Fifty-five subjects were examined, 35 females and 20 males, with a mean age of 18 ± 1.3 years, divided into two groups: those with TMD and those without TMD, and prevalence was evaluated in the two groups of Class II subjects. Symptoms and more frequent signs were also examined in the TMD group. Regarding Group A (subjects with the presence of TMD), we found that 48% have a Class II, 16% have Class I, and 28% have Class III. In the totality of the group A sample, only 8% were male subjects. In Group B (subjects without TMD), we found that 40% were females, with 26.7% in Class I, 10% in Class II, and 3.3% in Class III; the male subjects in this group (60%) were distributed with 33.3% in Class I, 16.7% in Class II, and 10% in Class III. Class II malocclusion is not a causal factor of TMD but may be considered a predisposing factor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of horizontal condylar angle in malocclusions with mandibular lateral displacement using cone-beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto L. Velásquez ◽  
Jorge C. Coro ◽  
José M. Bustillo ◽  
Sadao Sato
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the horizontal condylar angle (HCA) in mandibular lateral displacement (MLD). Materials and Method s: HCA in MLD malocclusions were examined using cone-beam computed tomography data in subjects with MLD and control subjects. Results HCA in joints of control patients and contralateral side joints of MLD patients were not significantly different. The mean HCA on the shifted side was larger than on the contralateral side (P &lt; .001) in the different HCA groups. HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III groups (P &lt; .001). Conclusions (1) There was no statistically significant difference between HCA in control patients and on the contralateral side in MLD patients. (2) HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side. (3) HCA on the shifted side and the contralateral side in MLD Class I, Class II, and Class III are significantly different.

scholarly journals Dental anomalies in orthodontic patients with and without skeletal discrepancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa Christina Avelar Fernandez ◽  
Mônica Gentil Mattos ◽  
Christiane Vasconcellos Cruz Alves Pereira ◽  
Marcelo De Castro Costa
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Objective:To determine whether individuals withskeletal discrepancies of Class II or IIIdisplay a higher frequency of dental anomalies in comparison with individuals with Class I malocclusion. Design:A systematic search of the main electronic medical scientific literaturedatabases was conducted. Observational studies were selected if mentioning dental anomalies in the different skeletal malocclusion patterns.Results:A total of 4,768 studies were found and the duplicated studies (1,279) were removed, resulting in 3,489 papers to be analyzed. After screening by title, 138 were fit for screening by abstract. After that, a total of 13 papers were carefully read in full. Five studies included dental anomaly frequencies in orthodontic patients and included 7,679 participants. The frequency of dental anomalies ranged from 11.2% to 40.3%.It was observed that individuals with skeletal discrepancies of Class II and III had more dental anomalies when compared to individuals with Class I.Conclusion:Individuals with skeletal malocclusion patternshave more dental anomalies and there is an association between dental anomalies and skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion patterns.

scholarly journals Distribution of Pediatric Malocclusion Patients in Seoul National University Dental Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Sophia Rhee ◽  
Ji-Soo Song ◽  
Teo Jeon Shin ◽  
Young-Jae Kim ◽  
Jung-Wook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
National University ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Seoul National University

A total of 580 patients, who visited and received an orthodontic diagnosis in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2017 to 2019, were investigated in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal patterns of pediatric orthodontic patients determined with lateral cephalometric analysis and to analyze the relationship between skeletal pattern and probable associated clinical features. Also, the modality of orthodontic treatment for each skeletal classification was investigated to aid in therapeutic decisions.<br/>Patients aged 7 year accounted for the largest age group; 54.2% of patients showed a skeletal class I pattern, 22.2% showed a skeletal class II pattern, and 23.6% showed a skeletal class III pattern. Bi-maxillary retrusion for skeletal class I, retruded mandible with normal positioning of the maxilla for skeletal class II, and retrusion of the maxilla with protrusion of the mandible for skeletal class III were the largest subgroups by skeletal pattern. Brachyfacial type accounted for 55.0% of patients, followed by 31.9% of mesofacial type and 13.1% of dolichofacial type. The prevalence of anterior crossbite in the study was 43.3%, higher than that in previous studies.

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