CHANGES OF BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE DUE TO RESISTANCE TRAINING IN OLDER PERSONS WITH SARCOPENIC OBESITY

Background: At present, it is unclear whether older, obese persons with or without sarcopenia respond differently to training. Furthermore, there are no differentiated recommendations for resistance training for this special target group. Objectives: The objectives are to investigate the changes in the physical parameters of older, obese men caused by training and to reappraise the modalities of resistance training for older persons. Design: Pre-test-post-test design. Participants: The participants were 33 physically inactive and obese older men (≥ 65 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), with-out severe diseases. Subjects were divided into two groups: NSAR (no or presarcopenia, n= 15) or SAR (sarcopenia, n= 18). Intervention: The intervention consisted of progressive resistance training, twice a week for 16 weeks with finally 80-85% of maximum strength and three sets with 8-12 repetitions. The training contained six exercises for the major muscle groups. Measurements: Sarcopenia was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), hand-grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and gait speed over a 6-meter walkway. Furthermore, the maximum dynamic strength (1 RM) was assessed. Results: At baseline, the NSAR group had significantly better values in SMI, SPPB score, hand-grip strength, and 1 RM. After training, the results in both groups displayed an increase in 1 RM at the lower limbs (NSAR 18%, SAR 38%) and the upper limbs (NSAR 12%, SAR 14%). Also, the SPPB score (NSAR 11%, SAR 15%) and the 6-m-gait speed (NSAR 5%, SAR 10%) increased. The SAR group was able to increase their right hand-grip strength by 12%, whereas the NSAR group maintained their initial high strength values. SMI did not change in both groups. Conclusions: Both groups show improvements after resistance training with slightly more benefits for men with sarcopenia. Results of this study can be used to define specific training regimens for N(SAR) subjects.

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The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk3040053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Michael Harris-Love ◽

Kimberly Benson ◽

Erin Leasure ◽

Bernadette Adams ◽

Valerie McIntosh

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Grip Force ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Lower Extremity Strength

The optimal management of sarcopenia requires appropriate endpoint measures to determine intervention efficacy. While hand grip strength is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, lower extremity strength may be better associated with functional activities in comparison to hand grip strength. The purpose of our study was to examine the comparative association of upper and lower extremity strength with common measures of physical performance in older adults. Thirty community-dwelling men, aged 62.5 ± 9.2 years, completed body composition analysis, quantitative strength testing, and performance-based tests of functional status. Hand grip force values were not significantly associated with knee extensor or flexor torque values (p > 0.05). Hand grip force was only associated with fast gait speed, while knee extensor torque at 60°/s was the only variable significantly associated across all functional outcome measures: customary gait speed, fast gait speed, sit to stand time, and the Physical Performance Test (p < 0.02). Hand grip strength was not a proxy measure of lower extremity strength as assessed in this study. Overall, lower extremity muscle strength values had the strongest associations with participant functional performance. Lower extremity strength testing may provide additional value as an endpoint measure in the assessment and clinical management of sarcopenia.

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The Prediction of ADL and IADL Disability Using Six Physical Indicators of Frailty: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2014/358137 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Robbert J. J. Gobbens ◽

Marcel A. L. M. van Assen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Response Rate ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Physical Frailty ◽

Activity Restriction ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Iadl Disability

Frailty is a predictor of disability. A proper understanding of the contribution of individual indicators of frailty in the prediction of disability is a requisite for preventive interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of the individual physical frailty indicators: gait speed, physical activity, hand grip strength, Body Mass Index (BMI), fatigue, and balance, for ADL and IADL disability. The sample consisted of 505 community-dwelling persons (≥75 years, response rate 35.1%). Respondents first participated between November 2007 and June 2008, and a subset of all respondents participated again one year later (N=264, 52.3% response rate). ADL and IADL disability were assessed by the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. BMI was assessed by self-report, and the other physical frailty indicators were assessed with the TUG test (gait speed), the LAPAQ (physical activity), a hand grip strength test, the SFQ (fatigue), and the Four-test balance scale. All six physical frailty indicators were associated with ADL and IADL disability. After controlling for previous disability, sociodemographic characteristics, self-perceived lifestyle, and chronic diseases, only gait speed was predictive of both ADL and IADL disability, whereas there was a small effect of fatigue on IADL disability. Hence, these physical frailty indicators should be included in frailty assessment when predicting future disability.

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Combined Chair-Based Exercises Improve Functional Fitness, Mental Well-Being, Salivary Steroid Balance, and Anti-microbial Activity in Pre-frail Older Women

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado ◽

Rubens Vinícius Letieri ◽

Adriana Silva-Caldo ◽

Joice C. S. Trombeta ◽

Clara Monteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Older Women ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Well Being ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Functional Fitness ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Mental Well Being

IntroductionRegular exercise has long been shown to positively impact the immune system responsiveness and improve mental well-being (MWB). However, the putative links between biomarkers of mental health and immune efficiency in exercising subjects have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 14-week combined chair-based exercise program (CEP) on salivary steroid hormones and anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, and MWB indexes in pre-frail older women.MethodsThe participant women (82.8 4.6 years old; n = 32) were randomly divided into the exercising group (CEP, n = 17) and the non-exercising control group (CG, n = 15). The pre/post assessment included: (1) salivary anti-microbial proteins lysozyme; (Lys) and immunoglobulin-A (IgA); (2) salivary steroid hormones of testosterone (TT) and cortisol (COR); (3) functional fitness (gait speed, hand grip strength, and static balance); (4) MWB questionnaires (happiness, depression state, satisfaction with life, and stress).ResultsSignificant differences with large Cohen’s (d) effect sizes were found on increased salivary TT (p < 0.05; d = 0.60) after exercise intervention. The results revealed a decrease in IgA levels after CEP (p < 0.01, d = 0.30). The increase in subjective happiness levels (p < 0.05, d = 0.30) and decrease of stress perception (p < 0.01, d = 2.60) and depressive state (p < 0.05, d = 0.30) were found after intervention in the CEP group. Robust statistical differences in gait speed (p < 0.05; d = 0.60) and balance tests (p < 0.05; d = 0.80) were also found in the CEP group. In control, COR increased moderately (p < 0.05; d = 0.65) while no changes were found for the other indicators. Correlation analyses showed inter-dependence between pre–post variations of MWB, biochemical indexes, and fitness function (e.g., COR inverse correlation with hand grip strength and balance tests).ConclusionThe CEP program was able to improve functional-fitness performance, decrease feelings of stress, and increase happiness. The CEP also induced clinically relevant hormonal and immune responses, which suggests that chair exercises that combine muscular strength, balance, and gait speed training are promising interventions to improve physical and mental health of older pre-frail adults.

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Effects Of Hip Thrust And Resistance Training On Shuttle Run, Hand Grip Strength And Countermovement Jump In Colombian Elite Male Volleyball Players

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000676460.45912.fb ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 267-267

Author(s):

Cristian Yanez ◽

Cesar Lovera ◽

Luis Cardozo ◽

Jhonatan Peña ◽

Felipe Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Shuttle Run

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Nutrition and physical performance in older people—effects of marine protein hydrolysates to prevent decline in physical performance: a randomised controlled trial protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e023845 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Linda Anette Kornstad Nygård ◽

Ingunn Mundal ◽

Lisbeth Dahl ◽

Jūratė Šaltytė Benth ◽

Anne Marie Mork Rokstad

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Control Group ◽

Supplement Use ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Marine Protein

IntroductionAge-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function (sarcopenia) leads to a decline in physical performance, loss of independence and reduced quality of life. Nutritional supplements may delay the progression of sarcopenia. The aim of this randomised, double-blinded controlled trial including 100 participants (≥65 years) is to assess the effect of a marine protein hydrolysate (MPH) on sarcopenia-related outcomes like hand grip strength, physical performance or gait speed and to study the associations between physical performance and nutritional intake and status.Method and analysisThe intervention group (n=50) will receive 3 g of MPH per day in 12 months. The control group (n=50) receive placebo. Assessments of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), hand grip strength, anthropometric measurements, nutritional status as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment, dietary intake, supplement use, biomarkers of protein nutrition and vitamin D, and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), will be performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of intervention. Linear mixed models will be estimated to assess the effect of MPH on SPPB, hand grip strength and quality of life, as well as associations between physical performance and nutrition.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Committee in Ethics in Medical Research in Mid-Norway in September 2016 with the registration ID 2016/1152. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media, broadcast media and print media.Trial registration numberNCT02890290.

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Association of Plasma Carotenoid and Malondialdehyde Levels with Physical Performance in Korean Adolescents

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1080957/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heeyeon Joo ◽

Jiyoung Hwang ◽

Jiyeon Kim ◽

Hyesook Kim ◽

Oran Kwon

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Photodiode Array Detection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Hand Grip

Abstract Background Increased oxidative stress has been shown to lead to muscle damage and reduced physical performance. The antioxidant mechanism is most likely to reduce these relationships, but in the context of the action of carotenoids, more research is needed. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether carotenoids modify the association between plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and physical performance in Korean adolescents. Methods The study sample consisted of 381 participants (164 boys, 217 girls) aged 13−18, who participated in the 2018 National Fitness Award Project. We quantified α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, and MDA levels in plasma using HPLC with photodiode array detection. Physical performance was measured by determining the absolute and relative hand grip strength, 20-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run, estimated maximal oxygen consumption, curl-up, and sit-and-reach. Results In boys, the multiple linear regression model adjusted for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, and physical activity showed that the MDA level was negatively associated with absolute hand grip strength; this association was observed only in groups with α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid values below the median. Conclusion These results suggest that carotenoids may act as an effect modifier of the association between MDA and physical performance in Korean male adolescents.

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