Frailty in Young and Middle-Aged Adults: An Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C. Loecker ◽  
M. Schmaderer ◽  
L. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Study Designs

Background: Frailty is a public health priority resulting in poor health outcomes and early mortality in older adults. Early identification, management, and prevention of frailty may reduce frailty trajectory into later life. However, little is known about frailty in younger adults. Objective: Describe frailty prevalence, definitions, study designs, and components contributing to multidimensional frailty in 18 to 65-year-olds and impart guidance for future research, practice, and policies with potential to positively impact frail individuals. Methods: Integrative review approach was selected to explore frailty allowing for inclusion of diverse methodologies and varied persepectives while maintaining rigor and applicability to evidence-based practice initiatives. CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, PubMed databases were searched for studies describing frailty in adults age 18 to 65. Articles were excluded if published prior to 2010, not in English, lacked frailty focus, or non-Western culture. Results: Twelve descriptive correlational studies were included. No intervention or qualitative studies were identified. No standard conceptual definition of frailty was discovered. Studied in participants with health disparities (n=3) and chronic conditions (n=8); HIV was most common (n=4). Frailty prevalence ranged from 3.9% (313 of 8095) to 63% (24 of 38). Many factors associated with frailty were identified among physical (18) and social (14), and fewer among psychological (11) domains. Conclusions: Universal frailty definition and multidimensional assessment tool is needed to generate generalizable results in future studies describing frailty in young and middle-aged adults. Early frailty identification by clinicians has potential to facilitate development and implementation of targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate frailty progression, but additional research is needed because risk factors in younger populations may be different than older adults.

scholarly journals Dog ownership, dog walking, and social capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Koohsari ◽  
Akitomo Yasunaga ◽  
Ai Shibata ◽  
Kaori Ishii ◽  
Rina Miyawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
Dog Ownership ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractEvidence for social pathways to health benefits for dog owners appears positive but less well-developed. Our study aimed to estimate the differences in social capital by dog ownership and dog walking status among young-to-middle-aged adults and older adults in Japan. Data from 3606 residents living in Japan were used. Data on social capital, dog ownership, and dog walking were collected by questionnaires. Age-stratified multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate differences in social capital scores by dog ownership and dog walking status. Among young-to-middle-aged adults, the mean of the activities with neighbours score, adjusted for covariates, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the dog owner walkers group compared to the non-dog owners group. Among older adults, no significant differences in the marginal means of social capital scores were observed between the three groups of non-dog owners, dog owner non-walkers, and dog owner walkers. While the benefits of social capital for a healthy lifestyle have been well-documented, few means have been identified to intervene in social capital. Building on and expanding the known health benefits of dog ownership and dog walking, this study revealed modest support for the link between dog walking and activities with neighbours among young-to-middle-aged adults, but no meaningful associations were found for older adults. Additionally, no significant link was observed between dog walking and social cohesion among either age group. Future research can further improve the use of dog-based behavioural health interventions for fostering social capital.

Hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning in the older adult: Identifying specific clinical assessment needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Mariann Jackson ◽  
Katie McGill ◽  
Terry J Lewin ◽  
Jenifer Bryant ◽  
Ian Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalisation ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning is common, with a median patient age of around 33 years. Clinicians are less familiar with assessing older adults with self-poisoning and little is known about their specific clinical requirements. Objective: To identify clinically important factors in the older-age population by comparing older adults (65+ years) with middle-aged adults (45–64 years) during an index episode of hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal, cohort study of people presenting to a regional referral centre for deliberate self-poisoning (Calvary Mater Newcastle, Australia) over a 10-year period (2003–2013). We compared older-aged adults with middle-aged adults on demographic, toxicological and psychiatric variables and modelled independent predictors of referral for psychiatric hospitalisation on discharge with logistic regression. Results: There were ( n = 157) older-aged and ( n = 925) middle-aged adults. The older-aged group was similar to the middle-aged group in several ways: proportion living alone, reporting suicidal ideation/planning, prescribed antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs, and with a psychiatric diagnosis. However, the older-aged group were also different in several ways: greater proportion with cognitive impairment, higher medical morbidity, longer length of stay, and greater prescription and ingestion of benzodiazepines in the deliberate self-poisoning event. Older age was not a predictor of referral for psychiatric hospitalisation in the multivariate model. Conclusion: Older-aged patients treated for deliberate self-poisoning have a range of clinical needs including ones that are both similar to and different from middle-aged patients. Individual clinical assessment to identify these needs should be followed by targeted interventions, including reduced exposure to benzodiazepines.

scholarly journals Measurement Considerations of Peak Stepping Cadence Measures Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsoo Kang ◽  
Youngdeok Kim ◽  
David A. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
National Health ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background:This study examined the optimal measurement conditions to obtain reliable peak cadence measures using the accelerometer-determined step data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006.Methods:A total of 1282 adults (> 17 years) who provided valid accelerometer data for 7 consecutive days were included. The peak 1- and 30-minute cadences were extracted. The sources of variance in peak stepping cadences were estimated using Generalizability theory analysis. A simulation analysis was conducted to examine the effect of the inclusion of weekend days. The optimal number of monitoring days to achieve 80% reliability for peak stepping cadences were estimated.Results:Intraindividual variability was the largest variance component of peak cadences for young and middle-aged adults aged < 60 years (50.55%–59.24%) compared with older adults aged ≥ 60 years (31.62%–41.72%). In general, the minimum of 7 and 5 days of monitoring were required for peak 1- and 30-minute cadences among young and middle-aged adults, respectively, whereas 3 days of monitoring was sufficient for older adults to achieve the desired reliability (0.80). The inclusion of weekend days in the monitoring frame may not be practically important.Conclusions:The findings could be applied in future research as the reference measurement conditions for peak cadences.

Age norms for older adults among Koreans: perceptions and influencing factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOONDOOL CHUNG ◽  
YUNKYUNG JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

ABSTRACTDespite rapid social change that has influenced the social status of older adults, expectations about their behaviour and whether such expectations differ across generations remain unexplored in Korea. Based on ageing theories of activity, disengagement and modernisation, this study investigated age norms among Koreans conceptualised as shared expectations of appropriate behaviours of older adults. Competing perspectives in intergenerational relations and prejudice toward older adults were examined to test if they influenced age norms and if such associations varied across different age groups. Data were analysed from a survey of 1,445 individuals aged 20 and above who resided in 16 administrative districts of Korea. Comparisons of age norms across age groups indicated that the older adult group (age 65+) held more restrictive attitudes about social participation and engagement in various behaviours in old age than the middle-aged adults (ages 45–64) and younger adults (ages 20–44). Respondents with more prejudice towards older adults tended to place more restrictions on the behaviour of older adults. A significant interaction indicated that respondents whose views were in line with a generational conflictive perspective, assessed as reporting more competitive perspectives between young and old people and being less supportive of intergenerational programmes, had a more restrictive view about older adults' behaviours among the middle-aged group but less restrictive attitudes in determining acceptable behaviour in later life among the older adult group.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE SOURCES OF SOCIAL STATUS IN OLD AGE: THE ROLE OF AGE GROUPS AND GENERATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S729-S729
Author(s):  
David Weiss ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Generational Groups ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract This cross-cultural study compared attitudes towards age and generational groups across the life span in China, Germany, and the US including N = 1302 participants between 18 and 86 years of age. We asked younger, middle-aged, and older respondents to rate either age (e.g., adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults, and older, adults) or generational groups (e.g., Millennials, Generation X, Baby Boomer, and Silent Generation) on various characteristics. Results demonstrate that across all three cultures older age groups were perceived consistently less positive and more negative, whereas older generations were perceived as significantly more positive and less negative. Our results suggest that generations in contrast to age groups represent a source of high social status in later life providing a sense of respect, value, and admiration. Thus, social status can be derived from multiple sources and older adults can draw upon alternative social status domains (their generation) when confronted with loss.

scholarly journals Effect of Age on the Touchscreen Manipulation Ability of Community-Dwelling Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Michal Elboim-Gabyzon ◽  
Patrice L. Weiss ◽  
Alexandra Danial-Saad
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Usability Assessment ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Assessment of touchscreen manipulation skills is essential for determining the abilities of older individuals and the extent to which they may benefit from this technology as a means to enhance participation, self-esteem, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the touchscreen manipulation ability between community-dwelling older adults and middle-aged adults using a newly developed Touchscreen Assessment Tool (TATOO) and to determine the usability of this instrument. Convenience samples of two age groups were considered, one including 28 independent community-living older adults aged 81.9 ± 4.2 years with intact or corrected vision and with the abilities to walk independently with or without a walking aid and to understand and follow simple commands, and the other including 25 healthy middle-age adults aged 53.4 ± 5.9 years. The usability assessment was conducted during a single session using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Older adults demonstrated poorer touchscreen skills compared to middle-aged adults. Previous experience in manipulating a smartphone by the older adults did not affect their performance. The SUS results indicated good usability of the TATOO by both age groups. The TATOO shows promise as a user-friendly tool for assessing the specific skills needed to operate touchscreens. The outcomes of this study support the suitability of touchscreen devices and applications as well as the need for adapted accessibility for older adults. Researchers and clinicians will benefit from the availability of a rapid, low-cost, and objective tool to assess the skills required for touchscreen use.

scholarly journals Binge Drinking, Depressive Symptoms, and Sleep Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 425-425
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lorenz ◽  
Samantha Auerbach ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Unhealthy alcohol consumption such as binge drinking and depression are common problems among adults. The combined effect of binge drinking and depression might contribute to negative health outcomes, such as accidents, addiction, or sleep problems. Previous evidence has indicated that alcohol consumption differs by age. However, little is known about the association between binge drinking, depression, and sleep health, and how age might play a role in this association. This study aimed to examine the association between binge drinking, depressive symptoms, and sleep health in middle-aged and older adults and characterize any age differences. A total of 5191 middle-aged and older adults from the 2014 Core Survey of the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) data aged 50 to 80 were included for this study. Binge drinking was defined as the consumption of 5 or more drinks (men) and 4 or more drinks (women) per drinking day. Depressive symptoms were measured using a validated 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Sleep health was assessed using a composite measure. Age was grouped into middle-aged (50-64.9 years) and older (65-79.9 years) adults. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between variables of interest. Our findings indicated that binge drinking and depressive symptoms negatively influenced sleep health among middle-aged adults, however this relationship was not found in older adults. Clinicians should simultaneously assess problematic alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, and sleep health. Future research can develop and test age-specific interventions to reduce unhealthy drinking behaviors in middle-aged adults.

scholarly journals Factors associated with sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based multisite cross-sectional survey in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Watanabe ◽  
Tsukasa Yoshida ◽  
Takashi Nakagata ◽  
Naomi Sawada ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Osaka Prefecture ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

AbstractBackgroundPrevious epidemiological studies have demonstrated the prevalence and relationship of various factors associated with sarcopenia in older adults; however, few have examined the status of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults. In this study, we aimed to, 1) evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test, which is potentially a useful screening tool for sarcopenia, and 2) determine the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face surveys of 525 adults, who were aged 40–91 years and resided in Settsu City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan to evaluate the validity of finger-circle test. The finger-circle test evaluated calf circumference by referring to an illustration printed on the survey form. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) was plotted to evaluate the validity of the finger-circle test for screening sarcopenia and compared to that evaluated by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured using bioimpedance. We also conducted multisite population-based cross-sectional anonymous mail surveys of 9337 adults, who were aged 40–97 years and resided in Settsu and Hannan Cities, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling by sex and age in the elementary school zones of their respective cities. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to explore associations between characteristics and prevalence of sarcopenia.ResultsSarcopenia, defined by SMI, was moderately predicted by a finger-circle test response showing that the subject’s calf was smaller than their finger-circle (AUROC: 0.729, < 65 years; 0.653, ≥65 years); such subjects were considered to have sarcopenia. In mail surveys, prevalence of sarcopenia screened by finger-circle test was higher in older subjects (approximately 16%) than in middle-aged subjects (approximately 8–9%). In a multiple regression model, the factors associated with sarcopenia were age, body mass index, smoking status, self-reported health, and number of meals in all the participants.ConclusionsSarcopenia, screened by the finger-circle test, was present not only among older adults but also among middle-aged adults. These results may provide useful indications for developing public health programs, not only for the prevention, but especially for the management of sarcopenia.Trial registrationUMIN000036880, registered prospectively May 29, 2019, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000042027

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