The 3D IFB SWOT Analysis as a Strategic Tool to Develop Entrepreneurial Plans for Family Businesses

This chapter provides a framework that family business members can use to strategically and entrepreneurially evaluate themselves before they prepare the final strategic plan of the family firm. The tool consists of four phases. The first phase is the Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis of the Individuals that are members of the family business. The second phase is the SWOT analysis of the Family's generational groups. Each generation in the family business will work in groups according to their year of birth. The third phase is the SWOT analysis of the Business. The fourth and most important phase is the integration called 3D IFB SWOT Analysis. It is 3D because it is three-dimensional, integrating the Individual, the Family's generations, and the Business.

“ORANG KAMPUNG”, PEMASARAN DIGITAL, DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK: SEBUAH TINJAUAN DAN AGENDA PENELITIAN. STUDI KASUS : PEMASARAN TRADISIONAL SONGKO RECCA

ABSTRAKMengatasi tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh penduduk pedesaan adalah topik yang sangat menarik bagi pemasar, pembuat kebijakan, dan peneliti. Namun, hanya ada sedikit penelitian tentang bagaimana penduduk pedesaan menerima atau menolak teknologi digital baru. Dengan perubahan kekuatan ekonomi dan tingkat adopsi ketika komunitas digital tumbuh antara daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan, menjadi semakin penting bagi pemasar untuk memahami bagaimana mereka menggunakan teknologi dan bagaimana mereka menggunakan saluran digital. Agar pemasar dan pembuat kebijakan memahami sepenuhnya bentuk masa depan masyarakat digital berbasis data, penelitian perlu lebih mempertimbangkan dampaknya terhadap kelompok generasi yang berbeda dalam hal adopsi dan penggunaan teknologi digital oleh konsumen di daerah pedesaan.Melalui tinjauan multidisiplin literatur tentang orang-orang tradisional menggunakan lensa teoritis kelompok geografis, penulis mengidentifikasi tantangan penelitian utama, peluang, dan dampak bagi pemasar dan pembuat kebijakan. Kata Kunci : pemasaran digital; kebijakan publik; kesenjangan demografis; generasi; kesenjangan digital ABSTRACTAddressing the challenges posed by rural populations is a topic of great interest to marketers, policymakers, and researchers. However, there is little research on how rural residents accept or reject new digital technologies. With changing economic power and adoption rates as digital communities grow between urban and rural areas, it is becoming increasingly important for marketers to understand how they use technology and digital channels. For marketers and policymakers to fully understand the future shape of a data-driven digital society, research needs to consider its impact on different generational groups in terms of consumer adoption and use of digital technology in rural areas. Through a multidisciplinary review of the literature on traditional people using a theoretical lens geographical group, the authors identify key research challenges, opportunities, and impacts for marketers and policymakers. Keywords : digital marketing; public policy; demographic gap; generation; digital gap

Postwar Women 1945-1960 and Their Daughters 1970-1985: an Analysis of Continuity, Contradiction, and Change in Two Generations of Pakeha Women as Mothers, Wives, and Workers

<p>The period of this study covers two generations of New Zealand social history and traces the context of life for two groups of Pakeha women during their childrearing years. It is not a compare and contrast exercise as the changes between generations are cumulative, as well as being variable amongst different groups of women. The women in this study from both generational groups, had much in common, in that they all had the primary responsibility for childrearing and were all economically dependent on their men for periods of time. However, alongside the commonality of experiences between the two groups of women there were differences. Not only were their experiences affected by different economic and political events, but there were identifiable shifts in the ideological frameworks through which the women ascribed meaning to their experiences. It was evident that the frameworks which were so pervasive in defining femininity in the early postwar years were seen as the norm by both groups of women, and the changing perspective of the younger women as a departure from the norm. This retrospective aura of normality surrounding in particular, the decade of the 1950's, is understandable when viewed in is historical context, but it is also misleading. Set between a decade of war and reconstruction and a decade of the 1960's when many values were challenged, it has been tempting for later generations to see the apparent order and consensus of the 1950's as a measure of normality. The years before and after the 1950's have appeared by comparison as more confusing. The argument of this study is that the apparent diversification in lifestyles was not just a post 1960's phenomena but had in fact taken root much earlier and that New Zealand society in the early postwar years operated in such a way to cover up the diversity and the changing social patterns that were already present. In particular this study seeks to show how women have attempted to redefine the boundaries of their responsibilities and spheres of interest during this period: a process which revealed more explicitly the conflict of interest for women between self - in terms of seeking autonomy, and others - in terms of dependence upon their men and their responsibility for children. The context of this redefinition is explored within three interconnected "sites" of the family - motherhood, marriage and work, and over the forty year period of this study it is possible to identify shifts in the construction of what is acceptable and possible, as women individually in the home and collectively outside of it, renegotiated and broadened the boundaries that defined their femininity.</p>

Postwar Women 1945-1960 and Their Daughters 1970-1985: an Analysis of Continuity, Contradiction, and Change in Two Generations of Pakeha Women as Mothers, Wives, and Workers

<p>The period of this study covers two generations of New Zealand social history and traces the context of life for two groups of Pakeha women during their childrearing years. It is not a compare and contrast exercise as the changes between generations are cumulative, as well as being variable amongst different groups of women. The women in this study from both generational groups, had much in common, in that they all had the primary responsibility for childrearing and were all economically dependent on their men for periods of time. However, alongside the commonality of experiences between the two groups of women there were differences. Not only were their experiences affected by different economic and political events, but there were identifiable shifts in the ideological frameworks through which the women ascribed meaning to their experiences. It was evident that the frameworks which were so pervasive in defining femininity in the early postwar years were seen as the norm by both groups of women, and the changing perspective of the younger women as a departure from the norm. This retrospective aura of normality surrounding in particular, the decade of the 1950's, is understandable when viewed in is historical context, but it is also misleading. Set between a decade of war and reconstruction and a decade of the 1960's when many values were challenged, it has been tempting for later generations to see the apparent order and consensus of the 1950's as a measure of normality. The years before and after the 1950's have appeared by comparison as more confusing. The argument of this study is that the apparent diversification in lifestyles was not just a post 1960's phenomena but had in fact taken root much earlier and that New Zealand society in the early postwar years operated in such a way to cover up the diversity and the changing social patterns that were already present. In particular this study seeks to show how women have attempted to redefine the boundaries of their responsibilities and spheres of interest during this period: a process which revealed more explicitly the conflict of interest for women between self - in terms of seeking autonomy, and others - in terms of dependence upon their men and their responsibility for children. The context of this redefinition is explored within three interconnected "sites" of the family - motherhood, marriage and work, and over the forty year period of this study it is possible to identify shifts in the construction of what is acceptable and possible, as women individually in the home and collectively outside of it, renegotiated and broadened the boundaries that defined their femininity.</p>

Sustainable Human Resource Management and Generational Diversity: The Importance of the Age Management Pillars

The issue of population aging is currently highly topical. In the context of population aging, age management comes to the fore. It addresses the management of human resources with regard to the age and potential of employees. The main aim of the article is to present the results of research focused on the importance of age management pillars from the perspective of employees from different generational groups in industrial enterprises in Slovakia. Based on established research questions and the research hypothesis, we can state that the perceived importance of age management pillars differs depending on the affiliation to the generational group. The research hypothesis was confirmed, and we conclude that there is a dependence between generational groups of employees from industrial enterprises in Slovakia and the importance of the age management pillars (the number of designations in a pairwise comparison). As a data collection tool, a research questionnaire was created. Collected data were evaluated based on a pairwise comparison of the perceived importance of age management pillars for employees. The research sample consisted of N = 384 respondents (employees of large industrial enterprises in Slovakia). When considering the research results, the use allows approaching the management of different generations of employees directly within the framework of sustainable human resource management. The research problem is also supported by resources and theoretical background.

Predictors of applicant attraction among Gen-X and millennials: evidence from an emerging economy

PurposeA better understanding of applicant attraction enables organizations to manage their talent needs, thus enhancing HR effectiveness. Even though generational difference exists in modern organizations, scholarly work investigating the salient predictors of applicant attraction between the Gen-X and millennial cohorts is missing. The authors attempt to inform the literature by addressing this gap.Design/methodology/approachThe study captures applicant attraction using a survey-based study of 1949 working employees in India, representing Gen-X and millennial generations.FindingsThe study provides critical factors that differentially impact millennial and Gen-X members' attraction toward an organization. It also reveals that satisfaction in the current job affects millennials and the Gen-X cohorts differently.Research limitations/implicationsRecruitment research has neglected the predictors of applicant attraction among generational cohorts. Further, studies on generational differences have originated in western contexts and have ignored the emerging economies. Based on the responses of working professionals, our study increases the generalizability of the results.Practical implicationsThe multi-generational workplace has the largest proportion of both Gen-X and millennial employees. A deeper understanding of their preferences can help HR practitioners leverage the drivers of applicant attraction. The study provides inputs to design recruitment strategies to target generational groups within and outside the organization.Originality/valueThe present study examines the phenomenon in an emerging market marked by a high economic growth rate and an eastern cultural context. The study presents a more realistic representation of applicant needs by sourcing inputs from working employees across generation groups.

Generational differences in psychological ownership

Orientation: Several generational groups are employed in the workplace today, each with distinctly different attitudes, values and work behaviours. Little is known about how generational cohorts differ in terms of psychological ownership.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the measurement equivalence of the South African Psychological Ownership Questionnaire (SAPOS) across three generational cohorts (Baby Boomers, Generation Xers and Generation Yers).Motivation for the study: Before meaningful inferences and comparisons can be made about psychological ownership across the generational cohorts, it is essential to ensure that the psychological ownership scale measures the same trait across all three generational cohorts.Research approach/design and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 945 skilled respondents employed in various public and private organisations employing a multigroup confirmatory factorial analytical approach.Main findings: The tripartite model of the SAPOS, comprising identity, responsibility and autonomy, was confirmed across the three generational cohort. Measurement invariance was established on configural, metric and scalar level across the three generational cohorts.Practical/managerial implications: The three generational cohorts perceive the items as was measured by the psychological ownership scale in the same way. Meaningful comparisons can thus be made between the groups and organisations can tailor their interventions to enhance the levels of psychological ownership of each of these generational cohorts.Contribution/value-add: This study is one of the first to provide empirical evidence of generational differences in respect of psychological ownership and to evaluate the measurement equivalence of a psychological ownership inventory across generational cohorts.

GENERATIONAL CLASSIFIER OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY

The purpose of the work is to carry out the segmentation of modern Russian society by generational groups, based on the theory of modern generational segmentation. Segmentation is the first necessary step in the analysis of each generational group in terms of lifestyle and value picture of the world. In accordance with the Russian cultural and historical development the authors identified 6 generations, whose representatives live in modern Russian society: “revolutionary generation”, “military generation”, “thaw generation”, “stagnation generation” (generation X), “fracture generation” (generation Y), “digital generation” (generation Z). The article also reveals the essence of the category “generation” from the point of view of sociology.

The Success of Rosé Wine in France: The Millennial Revolution

Rosé wine consumption in France has tripled since 1992 and, in 2020, accounts for a third of the total national consumption. The objective of our article is to analyze the revolutionary success of rosé wine in France in the Millennial Generation. We mobilize the concept of social representation, which constitutes an understanding of the social transformations in progress for a given social group. We carry out in-depth qualitative research based on conversations with millennial rosé wine consumers. Our results show that the representations of rosé wine for this group are based on five dimensions: (a) product quality and refusal of sophistication, (b) color of the rosé wine, (c) freedom, (d) immediate pleasure and sharing with friends, and (e) its feminine personality. This transgressive capital explains the consumption behaviors of the Millennial Generation reflecting the group’s will to break traditional wine codes familiar to previous generational groups. This sociocultural model differs from that of the Baby Boomer Generation, which was marked by the valorization of terroir and sophistication and based on masculine archetypes and red wine. Rosé wine thus marks a generational and sociological break in the representations of wine in France, which we can describe as a rosé wine revolution in the 21st century. The predictive capacity of the Millennial Generation suggests a growth in rosé wine consumption in the years to come. We recommend to rosé wine producers seven strategic axes, which reconcile the point of view of the producer and the consumer.

“We Are at Risk Too”: The Disparate Mental Health Impacts of the Pandemic on Younger Generations: Nous Sommes Aussi à Risque: Les Effets Disparates de la Pandémie Sur la Santé Mentale des Générations Plus Jeunes

Objectives: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in profound global impact, with older adults at greater risk of serious physical health outcomes. It is essential to also understand generational differences in psychosocial impacts to identify appropriate prevention and intervention targets. Across generational groups, this study examined: (1) rates of precautions and adaptive and maladaptive health behaviors, (2) differences in levels of anxiety, and (3) rates of COVID-related concerns during Wave 1 of COVID-19 in Canada. Participants: We analyzed data from 2 Canadian population-based data sets: the Canadian Perspective Survey Series: Impact of COVID-19 survey ( N = 4,627; March 29 to April 3, 2020), and Crowdsourcing: Impacts of COVID-19 on Canadians—Your Mental Health ( N = 45,989; April 24 to May 11, 2020). Measures: We categorized generational age group. Participants self-reported changes in behaviors and COVID-related concerns, and a validated measure assessed anxiety symptoms. Results: There are generational differences in behavioral responses to the pandemic. Adaptive health habits (e.g., exercise) were comparable across groups, while changes in maladaptive health habits (e.g., substance use) were highest among younger age groups, particularly Millennials (15 to 34 years old). COVID-related precautions were also highest among the younger generations, with Generation X (35 to 54 years old) exhibiting the highest rate of precautionary behavior. Results also revealed that the highest rate of clinically significant anxiety is among Millennials (36.0%; severe anxiety = 15.7%), and the younger generations have the highest rates of COVID-related concerns. Conclusion: These early data are essential in understanding at-risk groups given the unpredictable nature of the pandemic and its potential long-term implications.