Contrast Agents (Gadolinium)

Materials Used ◽

Chemical Materials

Contrast agents in medicine are chemical materials used to improve tissue and fluid contrast in the body during medical imaging. It is mainly used in improving the visibility of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. Some types of contrast materials are used in a medical imaging examination and can be classified according to the imaging technique used. The first contract agent (Gadolinium) dates back to 1988 which is called gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist) and was allocated for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Current approaches to development of contrast agents for MRI diagnostics

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2011-6-79-85 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. N. Sorokina ◽

A. A. Tulupov ◽

T. G. Tolstikova ◽

V. Yu. Ussov

Keyword(s):

Contrast Agents ◽

The Body ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Early Diagnostics ◽

Precise Diagnosis ◽

Targeted Contrast Agents ◽

And Function ◽

Mri Diagnostics ◽

Areas Of Interest

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is primarily used in medical imaging to visualize the structure and function of the body and essential tool for diagnostics of broad range of pathologies. But still in a growing number of cases there are indications to use contrast agent to delineate areas of interest and for more precise diagnosis definition. In a review the properties and clinical applications of most popular paramagnetic contrast agents based on Gd(III), Fe(II) и Mn(II) are discussed. It is also focused on discussion of modern experimental targeted contrast agents (conjugates of antibodies, nanoparticles and dendrimers) and advances of their application for early diagnostics of most common pathologies: cardiovascular, cancer and Alzheimer diseases.

Value of contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557521666210521113155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Mateus Aquino Gonçalves ◽

Bruna Pereira ◽

Camila Tavares ◽

Taináh Martins ◽

Elaine Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Eating Habits ◽

The Body ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Hydrogen Atoms ◽

Body Tissues ◽

: This review article aims to address the main features of breast cancer. Thus, the general aspects of this disease have been shown since the first evidence of breast cancer in the world until the numbers today. In this way, there are some ways to prevent breast cancer, such as the woman's lifestyle (healthy eating habits and physical activities) that helps to reduce the incidence of this anomaly. The first noticeable symptom of this anomaly is typically a lump that feels different from the rest of the breast tissue. More than 80% of breast cancer are discovered when the woman feels a lump being present and about 90% of the cases, the cancer is noticed by the woman herself. Currently, the most used method for the detection of cancer and other injuries is the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique. This technique has been shown to be very effective, however, for a better visualization of the images, contrast agents (CAs) are used, which are paramagnetic compounds capable of increasing the relaxation of the hydrogen atoms of the water molecules present in the body tissues. The most used CAs are Gd3+ complexes, although they are very efficient, they are toxic to the organism. Thus, new contrast agents have been studied to replace Gd3+ complexes, we can mention iron oxides as a promising substitute.

Biocompatible dextran-coated gadolinium-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents with high T1 relaxivity and selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d1tb01147b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anton Popov ◽

Maxim Artemovich Abakumov ◽

Irina Savintseva ◽

Artem Ermakov ◽

Nelly Popova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Contrast ◽

Selective Cytotoxicity ◽

Gd-based complexes are widely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The safety of previously approved contrast agents is questionable and is being re-assessed. The main causes of concern...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Disruption of the Posterior Tibial Tendon

Foot & Ankle ◽

10.1177/107110078700800307 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 144-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Ian J. Alexander ◽

Kenneth A. Johnson ◽

Thomas H. Berquist

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

The Body ◽

Posterior Tibial Tendon ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Posterior Tibial ◽

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a useful technique of studying soft tissues of the body, can be very effective in assessing the integrity of tendons. Usually a patient with a complete tear of the posterior tibial tendon has characteristic physical findings. In the patient presented, MRI demonstrated a complete disruption of the posterior tibial tendon, despite the absence of the commonly associated clinical findings. In view of the difficulties encountered with attempted tenography of the completely torn posterior tibial tendon, MRI provides a sensitive alternative diagnostic technique.

Pushing the Sensitivity Envelope of Lanthanide-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging Applications

Accounts of Chemical Research ◽

10.1021/ar800192p ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 822-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 279

Author(s):

Silvio Aime ◽

Daniela Delli Castelli ◽

Simonetta Geninatti Crich ◽

Eliana Gianolio ◽

Enzo Terreno

Keyword(s):

Molecular Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Contrast ◽

Ln(iii)-complexes of a DOTA analogue with an ethylenediamine pendant arm as pH-responsive PARACEST contrast agents

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/c5dt04443j ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 3486-3496 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

T. Krchová ◽

A. Gálisová ◽

D. Jirák ◽

P. Hermann ◽

J. Kotek

Keyword(s):

Contrast Agents ◽

Magnetization Transfer ◽

Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽

Ph Responsive ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Pendant Arm ◽

Ratio Approach ◽

Ph Range

New contrast agents useful for pH determination (in the biologically relevant pH range) by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using magnetization transfer ratio approach are presented.

Effect of Gd and Dy Concentrations in Layered Double Hydroxides on Contrast in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8040462 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 462 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karina Nava Andrade ◽

Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal Arízaga ◽

José Antonio Rivera Mayorga

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Contrast ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Double Hydroxide ◽

Double Hydroxides

In this work, we explore the synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles containing different molar ratios of Gd3+ and Dy3+ cations. A single crystalline phase was obtained for Zn2.0Al0.75Gd0.125Dy0.125-LDH and Zn2.0Al0.5Gd0.25Dy0.25-LDH, and their efficiency as contrast agents was evaluated by T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Both GdDy-LDHs exhibited longitudinal relaxivity (r1) higher than a commercial reference. The highest contrast in the T1 mode was achieved with the Zn2.0Al0.75Gd0.125Dy0.125-LDH, which contained the lowest concentration of lanthanides; this efficiency is related to the lowest amount of carbonate anions complexing the lanthanide sites. On the contrary, the best contrast in the T2 mode was achieved with Zn2.0Al0.5Gd0.25Dy0.25-LDH. Zn2.0Al0.75Gd0.125Dy0.125-LDH and Zn2.0Al0.5Gd0.25Dy0.25-LDH presented r2/r1 ratios of 7.9 and 22.5, respectively, indicating that the inclusion of gadolinium and dysprosium into layered structures is a promising approach to the development of efficient bimodal (T1/T2) MRI contrast agents.

Metal-Based Complexes as Pharmaceuticals for Molecular Imaging of the Liver

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph12030137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 137 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia Greiser ◽

Wolfgang Weigand ◽

Martin Freesmeyer

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Metal Complexes ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Uptake Mechanisms

This article reviews the use of metal complexes as contrast agents (CA) and radiopharmaceuticals for the anatomical and functional imaging of the liver. The main focus was on two established imaging modalities: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine, the latter including scintigraphy and positron emission tomography (PET). The review provides an overview on approved pharmaceuticals like Gd-based CA and 99mTc-based radiometal complexes, and also on novel agents such as 68Ga-based PET tracers. Metal complexes are presented by their imaging modality, with subsections focusing on their structure and mode of action. Uptake mechanisms, metabolism, and specificity are presented, in context with advantages and limitations of the diagnostic application and taking into account the respective imaging technique.

Magnetic Resonance Microscopy of Chemically-Induced Liver Foci

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1177/0192623389017004106 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (4_part_1) ◽

pp. 613-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Allan Johnson ◽

Robert R. Maronpot

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Basic Research ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

T2 Relaxation ◽

Spin Lattice ◽

Chemically Induced ◽

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new imaging technique used in clinical diagnosis. This paper describes extension of the technique to basic research applications–specifically detecting and characterizing chemically-induced liver neoplasms and foci of cellular alteration. Two systems have been built that allow spatial microscopic resolution–more than 100,000 x greater than that of earlier efforts. Use of spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times permits detailed characterization of the tissue.

Ferritin: A Platform for MRI Contrast Agents Delivery

Inorganics ◽

10.3390/inorganics7030033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Ruggiero ◽

Diego Alberti ◽

Valeria Bitonto ◽

Simonetta Geninatti Crich

Keyword(s):

Targeted Therapy ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Contrast Agents ◽

Mri Contrast Agents ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Contrast ◽

Accurate Imaging ◽

Unique Surface

The search for high relaxivities and increased specificity continues to be central to the development of paramagnetic contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ferritin, due to its unique surface properties, architecture, and biocompatibility, has emerged as a natural nanocage that can potentially help to reach both these goals. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the use of ferritin as a nanoplatform for the delivery of metal-based MRI contrast agents (containing Gd3+, Mn2+, or Fe2O3) alone or in combination with active molecules used for therapeutic purposes. The collected results unequivocally show that the use of ferritin for contrast agent delivery leads to more accurate imaging of cancer cells and a significantly improved targeted therapy.