scholarly journals Biology of Diadiplosis multifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Planococcus citri under constant temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
Alexandre Martins Dos Santos ◽  
José Eudes De Morais Oliveira ◽  
Andréa Nunes Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Martin Duarte De Oliveira ◽  
Carla Patrícia Oliveira de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Total Life

Diadiplosis multifila was recently discovered feeding on Planococcus citri eggs in vineyards in the semi-arid northeast region of Brazil. The objective of the present paper was to study the biology of D. multifila in P. citri under constant temperatures of 22, 25, 28, and 31 °C. We evaluated its embryonic stage, egg viability, development period, survival of larva and pupa, longevity, average number of eggs, and sex ratio. D. multifila completed its life cycle in all temperatures except for 31 °C. The length of the embryonic period ranged from 4 to 7 days. The larval stage was longer at a temperature of 22 °C (8.6 days) and shorter at 28 °C (6.4). The pupal stage exhibited durations of 12.9, 10.4, and 8.2 days for temperatures of 22, 25, and 28 °C, respectively. The average viability in the larval stage was 97% and 83% in the pupal stage. The total life cycle took 16.7 (28 °C), 20 (25 °C), and 27 (22 °C) days to complete. The adults lived for approximately 2 days and the females produced on average 34, 25, and 19 eggs at temperatures of 22, 25, and 28 °C, respectively. The sex ratio varied from 0.46 to 0.54.

scholarly journals Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier [Coleoptera: Bruchidae] on stored groundnut in Ganye area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
C.S. Oaya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
Caryedon Serratus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Life

Abstract. Study on the biology of groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus Olivier was carried out in the Laboratory of the Department of Agricultural Technology, Adamawa State College of Agriculture, Ganye, Adamawa State from June to September, 2015. The sex of the bruchid (male and female) was assigned the sub-treatment while the period of development was the main treatment and was replicated three times. The work considered the pre-oviposition stage, incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and the total life cycle of the bruchid (male and female). The experiment was carried out under Laboratory conditions at 30-35°C temperature and 70-90% relative humidity. After the experiment was established, weekly counting of the total number of eggs laid was carried out at intervals. The results showed that, the mean developmental stages in both female and male bruchids were: 6.50 and 6.00 days; 17.00 and 18.00 days; 13.50 and 13.50 days; 12.00 and 13.50 days; 48.00 and 50.00 days for incubation stage, larval stage, pupal stage, adult stage and total life cycle of the bruchids, respectively. Moreover, the mean pre-oviposition and oviposition stages in female adult bruchid were 1.50 and 5.50 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Feeding Propensity and Cannibalism of Micraspis Discolor (Fab.) to Different Prey Species (Aphis craccivora and Nilaparbata lugens) under Laboratory

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Islam ◽  
SA Labani ◽  
AB Khan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Average Longevity ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper ◽  
Micraspis Discolor ◽  
Total Life

Feeding propensity and cannibalism of Micraspis discolor (Fab.) to different prey species (bean aphids and brown plant hopper ) was studied in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during January, 2007 to April, 2007. It was found that the highest pre-oviposition period was to 5.6±0.54 days when BPH were used and this period was lowest, 4.6±0.54 days using bean aphid. The oviposition period was maximum 40.20±1.78 days using bean aphid and minimum 29.00± 2.00 days were found using BPH. Maximum number of eggs 216.00±16.58 was laid when fed on bean aphid. The hatching percent was highest 88.71% using bean aphid and hatching percent was lowest 85.34% when fed on BPH. Incubation period varied from 2.40±0.54 to 3.80±0.44 days using different foods. However, the larvae passed through four larval instars and highest larval period was 10.00 ± 0.70 when BPH were used as food and lowest was 8.40 days feeding on bean aphid. Pupal period was 3.00±0.00 & 3.80±0.44 days when bean aphid & BPH were supplied as food. The average longevity of female was 38.60±3.78 and 31.40±2.96 days and that of male was 32.00±2.91 & 26.00±0.91 days when feeding on bean aphid and BPH respectively. It was significant at 1% level. The sex ratio of male and female was found (0.78:1.00) using different foods and these were not significant at 1% level. By this experiment, It was observed that feeding propensity of Micraspis discolor to different prey species during the total life cycle was as follows: bean aphid > BPH. It was also found that M. discolor had cannibalistic behavior and this was significant at 1% level.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 81-85 2016

LIFE HISTORY OF THE FUNGUS GNAT MACROCERA NOBILIS IN AMERICAN CAVES (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1235-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Peck ◽  
Donald R. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Insect Prey ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Life Cycle Development

AbstractThe mycetophilid Macrocera nobilis Johnson, previously known only from forests in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, is here reported from caves in Oklahoma, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. A study of populations in Oklahoma shows that the short-lived adults mate in cave entrances, but that oviposition, larval development, and pupation occur only in the dark zone of caves. The larvae build extensive webs upon which they travel and which they use to capture insect prey (mostly other Diptera). Reproduction and life cycle development is not seasonal. The larval stage lasts 9 or 10 months, and the pupal stage about 2 weeks.

scholarly journals Life cycle and biology of Pityogenes scitus Blandford, 1893 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a pest of Pinus wallichiana in Kashmir, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 318-328
Author(s):  
Abdul Lateef Khanday ◽  
Abdul Ahad Buhroo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
Total Life

The bark beetle, Pityogenes scitus Blandford, 1893 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one of the main pests in Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson, 1938 (Pinaceae)  stands, and it has also been found on other Oriental Pinaceae species. This pest is aggressive and has caused significant loss of host trees, but little is known of its biology and ecology. Based on the field and laboratory observations, this study describes the detailed bioecology of P. scitus.  This beetle pest overwinters in larval stage on blue pine (P. wallichiana) trees in Kashmir. After emergence, the adults fly to suitable trees and undergo maturation feeding for 4–6 days. Reproduction is polygamous type. After mating, each of the females makes one gallery with an average length 2.30 (± 0.41 SD) cm. The female lays 26.53 (± 6.32 SD) eggs on an average. The eggs hatch in 5 to 10 days. The larvae have 5 instars and complete their development in 18 to 28 days constructing larval galleries 1.76 (± 0.25 SD) cm in length. The larvae pupate for 13-22 days and finally the adults emerge to attack new suitable trees. The adults live for 28–40 days and the total life-span of this species ranges from 66 to 92 days. The seasonal distribution of various developmental stages and the number of generations were also recorded (5 generations (the last a partial one) per year in Kashmir). In general, the life cycle of P. scitus is similar to those described for other Pityogenes Bedel, 1 888 species. 

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

Phoronida

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Planktonic Larval Stage

This chapter describes the taxonomy of Phoronida, a small group of exclusively marine invertebrates found in most of the world's oceans from the intertidal zone to about 400 metres depth. Phoronids are meroplanktonic with a planktonic larval stage usually less than 2 mm in length and a benthic adult whose length ranges from a few cm up to 50 cm. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.

scholarly journals Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Residential Buildings in Humid Subtropical and Tropical Climates: Systematic Review and Analysis

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Daniel Satola ◽  
Martin Röck ◽  
Aoife Houlihan-Wiberg ◽  
Arild Gustavsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Total Life

Improving the environmental life cycle performance of buildings by focusing on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the building life cycle is considered a crucial step in achieving global climate targets. This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of 75 residential case studies in humid subtropical and tropical climates. The study investigates GHG emissions across the building life cycle, i.e., it analyses both embodied and operational GHG emissions. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as building location, typology, construction materials and energy performance, as well as methodological aspects are investigated. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies promising design strategies for reducing life cycle-related GHG emissions of buildings operating in subtropical and tropical climate zones. The results show that life cycle GHG emissions in the analysed studies are mostly dominated by operational emissions and are the highest for energy-intensive multi-family buildings. Buildings following low or net-zero energy performance targets show potential reductions of 50–80% for total life cycle GHG emissions, compared to buildings with conventional energy performance. Implementation of on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems provides the highest reduction potential for both operational and total life cycle GHG emissions, with potential reductions of 92% to 100% and 48% to 66%, respectively. Strategies related to increased use of timber and other bio-based materials present the highest potential for reduction of embodied GHG emissions, with reductions of 9% to 73%.

scholarly journals The density of females of Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) affects their reproductive performance on pupae of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio F. Pereira ◽  
José C. Zanuncio ◽  
José E. Serrão ◽  
Teresinha V. Zanuncio ◽  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Bombyx Mori L

Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare and LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a gregarious and polyphagous parasitoid mainly of Lepidoptera pupae. The objective of this paper as to study the developent of parasitoid on Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) pupae exposed to one, nine, 18, 27, 36, 45 or 54 female P. elaeisis, respectively. The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 hours in glass tubes (14.0 x 2.2 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and photo phase of 12 hours. With the exception of density 1:1 (72.72%), in other densities parasitism was 100%. Adults of P. elaeisis did not emerge from pupae at densities of 1:1 and 9:1, but 100.0% of parasitoid emergence was observed at the density of 45:1 and 54.54% at 54:1. The duration of the life cycle of this parasitoid ranged from 20 to 28 days. P. elaeisis produced 49 to 589 descendants per pupa of B. mori. The sex ratio of P. elaeisis ranged from 0.93 ± 0.01 to 0.97 ± 0.01 without differences with 18, 27, 36, 45 and 54 females/host. This parasitoid should be reared with the density of 45 females per pupa of B. mori.

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