scholarly journals Modelo para avaliação do desempenho da segurança viária através da simulação microscópica

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio José Craveiro Cunto ◽  
Frank F. Saccomanno
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Over Time

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>O uso da microssimulação em estudos de segurança viária tem sido investigado mais frequentemente nas últimas duas décadas.Em tese, essa ferramenta pode atuar como plataforma para o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem mais mecanística dos eventos que precedem a ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito. Este artigo apresenta um modelo para avaliação do desempenho da segurança viária através da microssimulação. O modelo utiliza o aplicativo VISSIM© versão 4.3 como plataforma de simulação e estima interações longitudinais e transversais entre veículos ao longo do tempo, a partir do índice de potencial para acidentes (CPI). A utilidade do modelo proposto foi ilustrada através de sua aplicação em interseções isoladas semaforizadas ou não. Os resultados indicam que a introdução do semáforo aumentou a frequência e severidade das interações longitudinais e, reduziu o número de veículos interagindo transversalmente. Estes resultados confirmam o potencial considerável para o uso da microssimulação em estudos de segurança viária.</p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The use of microsimulation in safety studies has been more frequently investigated over the last two decades. In theory, this tool can serve as platform for the development of a more mechanistic approach regarding the events preceding a crash. This paper presents a model for assessing the road safety performance using microsimulation. The model applies the software VISSIM© 4.3 as simulation platform and estimates rear-end and angled interactions for different vehicle over time via the crash potential index (CPI). The usefulness of the proposed model has been illustrated throughout its application to signalized and unsignalized isolated intersections. The results indicate that the signalization increased both frequency and severity for rear-end interactions, decreasing, on the other hand, the number of angled interactions. These results also confirm the potential for using microscopic simulation in road safety studies.

scholarly journals Vehicle and Fleet Random Effects in a Model of Insurance Rating for Fleets of Vehicles

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Angers ◽  
Denise Desjardins ◽  
Georges Dionne ◽  
François Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Semiparametric Approach ◽  
Safety Code ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

We are proposing a parametric model to rate insurance for vehicles belonging to a fleet. The tables of premiums presented take into account past vehicle accidents, observable characteristics of the vehicles and fleets, and violations of the road-safety code committed by drivers and carriers. The premiums are also adjusted according to accidents accumulated by the fleets over time. The proposed model accounts directly for explicit changes in the various components of the probability of accidents. It represents an extension of bonus malus-type automobile insurance models for individual premiums (Lemaire, 1985; Dionne and Vanasse, 1989 and 1992; Pinquet, 1997 and 1998; Frangos and Vrontos, 2001; Purcaru and Denuit, 2003). The extension adds a fleet effect to the vehicle effect so as to account for the impact that the unobservable characteristics or actions of carriers can have on truck accident rates. This form of rating makes it possible to visualize what impact the behaviors of owners and drivers can have on the predicted rate of accidents and, consequently, on premiums. The results are compared to those of the semiparametric approach.

scholarly journals Vehicle and Fleet Random Effects in a Model of Insurance Rating for Fleets of Vehicles

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Angers ◽  
Denise Desjardins ◽  
Georges Dionne ◽  
François Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Semiparametric Approach ◽  
Safety Code ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

We are proposing a parametric model to rate insurance for vehicles belonging to a fleet. The tables of premiums presented take into account past vehicle accidents, observable characteristics of the vehicles and fleets, and violations of the road-safety code committed by drivers and carriers. The premiums are also adjusted according to accidents accumulated by the fleets over time. The proposed model accounts directly for explicit changes in the various components of the probability of accidents. It represents an extension of bonus malus-type automobile insurance models for individual premiums (Lemaire, 1985; Dionne and Vanasse, 1989 and 1992; Pinquet, 1997 and 1998; Frangos and Vrontos, 2001; Purcaru and Denuit, 2003). The extension adds a fleet effect to the vehicle effect so as to account for the impact that the unobservable characteristics or actions of carriers can have on truck accident rates. This form of rating makes it possible to visualize what impact the behaviors of owners and drivers can have on the predicted rate of accidents and, consequently, on premiums. The results are compared to those of the semiparametric approach.

scholarly journals The Development of a Concept Model of All-Weather Safe Winter Tires

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
I.V. Balabin ◽  
O.I. Balabin ◽  
I.S. Chabunin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents issues related to improving safety and efficiency of operation of mobile machines in the constantly changing, winter temperature and traffic conditions. The authors develop a conceptual model of winter all-weather tires able to adapt to various road conditions such as when the road is covered with a layer of ice or compacted snow, or when the road is free from snow and ice. The use of such winter all weather tires will improve the road safety by contributing to increasing the life of tires and preserving the road network. The proposed model has no foreign analogues and is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Classification Trees in the Assessment of the Road–Railway Accidents Mortality

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Edward Kozłowski ◽  
Anna Borucka ◽  
Andrzej Świderski ◽  
Przemysław Skoczyński
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Classification Trees ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Road ◽  
Special Element ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
The One

A special element of road safety research is accidents at the interface of the road and rail system. Due to their low share in the total number of incidents, they are not a popular subject of analyses but rather an element of collective studies, whereas the specificity of the road–rail accidents requires a separate characteristic, allowing, on the one hand, to categorize these types of incidents, and on the other, to specify the factors that affect them, along with an assessment of the strength of this impact. It is important to include in such analyses all potential predictors, both qualitative and quantitative. Moreover, the literature considers most often a number of accidents while, according to the authors, it does not fully reflect the scale of the danger. A better evaluation would be the victim’s degree of injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to assess the likelihood of occurrence of various effects of road–rail accidents in the aspect of selected factors. Due to the ordinal form of the dependent variable, the classification trees method was used. The results obtained not only allow the characterization and assessment of the danger but also constitute guidelines for taking preventive actions.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF DISRUPTIVE FACTORS OF DRIVING IN SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT

Transport ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gábor Pauer ◽  
Tibor Sipos ◽  
Árpád Török
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Road ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
The One

Distracting activities (such as using mobile phones, writing text messages) become increasingly common with the widespread use of telecommunication devices, becoming an increasing problem of road safety. Our research aimed to show the effects of these disruptive factors on driving. To quantify the effects, simulator tests have been performed. To analyse the significance of the changes caused by the disruptive factors, mathematical-statistical methods have been applied and conclusions for all drivers have been drawn. The effects of the disruptive factors have been quantified. On the one hand, the cognitive distraction and the hindrance of movements affects negatively the road safety, and on the other hand results in negative environmental and economic effects. Based on the numerical results of the research, hitting speeds caused by the disruptive factors have been determined as an example. The results of the research can be used as input data for the quantification of economic and environmental effects of road safety caused by disruptive factors and for the establishment of the background of legislation related to the prohibition of these factors.

scholarly journals System Approach in Road Safety Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Andrzej Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Emergent Feature ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Transport Safety

The road safety management methodology should be based on a system approach. This means that the road transport must be formalized as a complex system (CS), and then safety can be interpreted as an emergent feature of such a system. Road accidents should be interpreted as "organizational accidents". They should be studied using concepts such as "normal accident theory" (NAT) and "highly reliable organization" (HRO). The main purpose of the article is to show the usefulness of these concepts for the road safety and risk management, especially in Polish conditions. The system approach to road safety research (and transport safety) will allow for the better safety results.

scholarly journals THE ROAD SAFETY AT TURBO ROUNDABOUTS IN POLAND

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
The Other ◽  
Continuous Line ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Lane ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Traffic Organization

There are to two groups of turbo roundabouts used currently in Poland. The first group is turbo roundabouts with geometry and traffic organization designed following the model of Dutch turbo roundabouts with raised lane dividers. The other group is turbo roundabouts with traffic organization which entirely or partly corresponds to traffic organization of conventional turbo roundabouts, but with lane dividers not present, with their function performed by a single continuous line of P-2 type. Turbo roundabouts in the world are considered as solutions which are characterized by a high level of road safety and allow for effective flow at substantial traffic intensities. The data about turbo roundabouts in Poland analysed by the author show that there are substantially more turbo roundabouts without raised lane dividers. The paper attempts to answer to the question of whether turbo roundabouts with lane dividers in the form of a single continuous line ensure the appropriate level of road safety. Furthermore, the comparison of the level of road safety in turbo roundabouts equipped in raised lane dividers with turbo roundabouts with lane separators in the form of continuous line revealed that turbo roundabouts with raised lane dividers are safer solutions than turbo roundabouts with traffic lane dividers in the form of continuous line.

POLICY INSTRUMENTS FOR MANAGING ROAD SAFETY ON EU-ROADS

Transport ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredas Laurinavičius ◽  
Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė ◽  
Kornelija Ratkevičiūtė ◽  
Ineta Lingytė ◽  
Laura Čygaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
The Impact

Directive 2008/96/EC on road infrastructure safety management requires the establishment and implementation of procedures relating to road safety impact assessments (RSIA), road safety audits (RSA), ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking (NSR) and road safety inspections (RSI). The aim of this article is to present the outputs of BALTRIS project. The goal of the international project BALTRIS is to elaborate the road and street infrastructure safety management procedures and teaching material consistently explaining the above mentioned infrastructure management procedures. Four Baltic Sea region countries (Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania), represented by universities and national road administrations participate in the elaboration of these procedures and teaching material. This article describes the scope of NSR, RSA and RSI procedures prepared in the frame of BALTRIS project, also article provides detailed implementation and execution of procedures for the EU Member States. NSR means a method for identifying, analysing and classifying parts of the existing road network according to their potential for safety development and accident cost savings. Ranking of high accident concentration sectionsmeans a method to identify, analyse and rank sections of the road network which have been in operation for 3÷5 years and upon which a large number of fatal/injury accidents in proportion to the traffic flow or compared to respective conditions have occurred. RSI is a strategic comparative analysis of the impact of the new road or a substantial modification to the existing network on the safety performance of the road network. RSA is a formal safety performance examination of the existing or future road or intersection by an independent audit team.

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