scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity, smoking and low socioeconomic status in large and representative samples of rural, urban, and suburban adult Greek populations

HORMONES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tentolouris ◽  
Alexandros Andrianakos ◽  
Georgios Karanikolas ◽  
Dimitrios Karamitsos ◽  
Panagiotis Trontzas ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jade Leavitt

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing concern in Canada, with low socioeconomic status being a major risk factor. This review explores strategies to improve food access that promote healthy food choices among people experiencing food insecurity and living with T2DM. Whittemore and Knalf’s (2015) integrative literature review methodology was used to extract and analyse the evidence. Four key strategies emerged: 1) promoting healthy food affordability through incentives and disincentives, 2) understanding effective and ineffective food interventions, 3) enhancing nutritional education in the standard of care, and 4) manifesting empowerment through self-efficacy and diabetes management. These strategies can be applied by nurse practitioners within primary care. Aligned with a population health approach, they can direct practice, education, and research through healthy public policy focused on reducing the incidence of T2DM, particularly in people experiencing food insecurity.


Author(s):  
Yutaka Mizuki ◽  
Shinji Sakamoto ◽  
Yuko Okahisa ◽  
Yuji Yada ◽  
Nozomu Hashimoto ◽  
...  

Abstract The mortality rate of patients with schizophrenia is high, and life expectancy is shorter by 10 to 20 years. Metabolic abnormalities including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the main reasons. The prevalence of T2DM in patients with schizophrenia may be epidemiologically frequent because antipsychotics induce weight gain as a side effect and the cognitive dysfunction of patients with schizophrenia relates to a disordered lifestyle, poor diet, and low socioeconomic status. Apart from these common risk factors and risk factors unique to schizophrenia, accumulating evidence suggests the existence of common susceptibility genes between schizophrenia and T2DM. Functional proteins translated from common genetic susceptibility genes are known to regulate neuronal development in the brain and insulin in the pancreas through several common cascades. In this review, we discuss common susceptibility genes, functional cascades, and the relationship between schizophrenia and T2DM. Many genetic and epidemiological studies have reliably associated the comorbidity of schizophrenia and T2DM, and it is probably safe to think that common cascades and mechanisms suspected from common genes’ functions are related to the onset of both schizophrenia and T2DM. On the other hand, even when genetic analyses are performed on a relatively large number of comorbid patients, the results are sometimes inconsistent, and susceptibility genes may carry only a low or moderate risk. We anticipate future directions in this field.


2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2112-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawad Javed ◽  
Karin Näsström ◽  
Daniel Benchimol ◽  
Mohammad Altamash ◽  
Björn Klinge ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
DILSHAD MUHAMMAD ◽  
KHALID AMIN ◽  
AMIN ANJUM ◽  
Masood Javed

Objectives: (1) To seek the association between chronic HCV infection and type 2 diabetes, mellitus. (2) To verify the effect of age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity and presence of cirrhosis on the association of chronic HCV infection. Design. Case control study. Setting: DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Subjects: The subjects were divided into two groups. One was with positive anti-HCV antibody on ELISA method and other was without liver disease and negative for anti-HCV. Both the groups contained 500 subjects each and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intervention: After a brief interview regarding age, residence, family history of diabetes, socioeconomic status, both the groups underwent weight and height measurements. The body mass was calculated according to the formulae. Ultrasonography of abdomen was done of all the patients of study groups to assess the liver status. Main outcome measures: Chi – squaretest was applied to see the association and then odds ratio was calculated to check the strength of association. Results: Diabetes mellitus was detected in 174 patients (34.8%) out of 500 patients in the group A as compared to 30 patients (6%) out of 500 patients in the group B. having chisquare value of 127.69 and significance of 0.000 with HCV +/ HCV- Odds ratio 0.120 and 95% CI0.079-0.181. Conclusions: There is strongassociation between HCV infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Severity of Liver Disease was strong associated factor.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Adrián Geraldo Murillo ◽  

Abstract Background In Mexico, 10.3% of the adult population has type 2 diabetes. Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been considered as a risk factor for developing this disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether SES is associated with blood glucose control, treatment adherence, and diabetic complications. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Ensenada, Baja California, México, with a random sample of 103 hospitalized patients between November 2019 and February 2020. The information was collected by face-to-face interview with structured questionnaires and the medical records review. The analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics software. Results Of the patients who do not know how to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in more than half of them were not educated (P = 0.002). Not performing SMBG at home was associated with increased risk of microvascular complications. [OR 2.88 CI 95% 1.20-6.89]. Those who were left without medications due to lack of money had a higher risk of hyperglycemia at home without going to the hospital [OR 3.89 95% CI 1.16-13.05]. Hypoglycemia prevailed in patients who did not perform GA due to lack of money to buy a glucometer. (P = 0.012). Conclusions Low socioeconomic status was associated with poor adherence to treatment and lack of self-monitoring of capillary glucose at home. Key messages Socioeconomic status, Type 2 diabetes, adherence to treatment, self-monitoring.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahed Wasiq ◽  
Najibullah Fazli ◽  
Abdul Nasir Ahadi ◽  
Mohammad Zakariya Amirzada ◽  
Mohammad Sami Hayat ◽  
...  

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a life long duration and generally of gradual progression. Beside the upward trend in the prevalence rate, diabetes and its complications also have a significant economic impact on countries and their health systems. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with socioeconomic status (SES) in the urban population of Kandahar city. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to May 2019 in the urban area of Kandahar province. A total of 1308 subjects, 837 (64%) women and 471 (36%) men, were included in the study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, dietary intake and physical activity were collected in a standardized questionnaire. Diagnosis of diabetes was established according to the WHO criteria. Mean age (SD) was significantly higher in men than in women (50.3 (14.4) vs. 44.9 (11.4) years). The difference in BMI was not significant between men and women (28.1 vs. 28.7 kg/m2). Majority of the study population was aged 40-54 years (46.3%), married (86.7%), illiterate (87.4%), and obese (39%). 6.6% were tobacco smokers, higher in men (13.6%) than in women (2.6%). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and central obesity was 15.2%, 25.5%, 39%, and 67.1%, respectively. In this study population, it could be suggested that socioeconomic factors are associated with T2DM and socioeconomic status is worth further investigation nationwide to properly understand the role of SES.


2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Rathmann ◽  
Burkhard Haastert ◽  
Guido Giani ◽  
Wolfgang Koenig ◽  
Armin Imhof ◽  
...  

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