Interest Groups, Iron Triangles and Representative Institutions in American National Government

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Gais ◽  
Mark A. Peterson ◽  
Jack L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Government ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
The Public

President Carter will perhaps be remembered most for his perceived incompetence, an impression produced largely by his inability to forge coalitions in Congress, and by his failure as an ‘outsider’ to intervene effectively in the established policy-making processes in Washington. In his farewell address, Carter alluded to what he believed to be the source of his troubles – the fragmentation of power and decision-making exploited by influential special interests. Carter believed that he was trapped in a web of organized groups allied with well-placed congressional and bureaucratic sympathizers seeking to protect their narrowly defined interests and frustrating his own broader vision of the public good.

(Not) Proving the Public Good: Scientific Evidence and the Margin of Appreciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-262
Author(s):  
Ciarán Burke ◽  
Alexandra Molitorisová
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Court ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
National Governments

Abstract The article offers a critical look at the complex relationship between the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and policy-supportive (scientific) evidence. In particular, due to now commonplace, evidence-based policy-making of national governments, the Court is effectively supplemented with various statistics and studies and tasked with reviewing policy measures aiming to improve the public good. This article investigates the ECtHR’s use and interpretation of policy-supportive evidence in the proportionality analysis, and how this affects the margin of appreciation. The recent case of Dubská and Krejzová concerning the ban on home births, which the article explores in detail, is illustrative in this regard. Although the Court appears to review scientific evidence substantively, an increased proliferation of statistics and studies may bring about controversy in relation to legal cases, without having a conclusive impact upon the outcome of a dispute.

Der Preis der Gesundheit

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Wolfram Stierle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Finance ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Private Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Finance Theory

Abstract Plea for the cooperation with the public finance theory in the attempt, to find ethically and economically consistent solutions for the problems concerning public health. Can health be regarded as a private good, in which sense is health a public good and what about the analysis of the influence taken by the interest groups involved?

The Economic and Social Committee in EEC decision making

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Lodge ◽  
Valentine Herman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
Instrumental Role

Neo-functionalism ascribes a dynamic role to interest groups in the process of integrating pluralist communities. By participating in the policymaking process, interest groups are expected to develop a stake in promoting further integration in order to acquire economic payoffs and additional benefits from maintaining and stimulating the organization through which certain demands can be articulated and goals attained. This implies that in the integration process interest groups have an instrumental role to play in the maintenance of the system; and that by virtue of their participation in the policy-making process of an integrating community they will “learn” about the rewards of such involvement and undergo attitudinal changes inclining them favorably towards the system. Thus, they acquire an interest in seeing the system's perpetuation, and the policy and decision makers acquire an interest in being responsive to interest groups' demands. What is implied overall is that actors' loyalties will shift towards those decision makers in the systems best able to reward them.

scholarly journals Nevyriausybinių organizacijų ir savivaldybių sąveika Lietuvoje: teoriniai sprendimų priėmimo ir įgyvendinimo proceso aspektai

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Aušra Šilinskytė
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
The Public ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The paper is focused on the discussion about the role of non-governmental organizations during the decision-making process in local governance and what factors influence it. To achieve this, the following steps have been made: first, the concept of non-governmental organizations and their relationship with civil society was analyzed, then possible variations of relationship between non-governmental organizations and their impact to the public sector was described. In the last part of the paper, the stages of the decision–making and implementation process in the municipality were analyzed and theoretical aspects of enabling NGOs were discussed. The analyses showed that the decision-making and implementation processes depend on the understanding of the need to cooperate, the ability of both subjects to work together, their relationship with citizens and other interest groups.

scholarly journals Botswana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (149) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Rating Agencies ◽  
The Public

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by IMF’s Regional Technical Assistance Center for Southern Africa (AFS)1 during February 25–March 8, 2019 to assist Statistics Botswana (SB) improve the quality of the national accounts statistics. This was the first mission on national accounts conducted by AFS to SB since January 2015. Reliable national accounts are essential for informed economic policy-making by the authorities. They also provide the private sector, foreign investors, rating agencies, donors and the public in general with important inputs in their decision-making, while informing economic analysis and IMF surveillance. Rebasing the national accounts is recommended every five years. They require comprehensive surveys and ideally, Supply and Use tables (SUTs) to support coherence checking of data.

17. Organized Interests

2020 ◽  
pp. 316-332
Author(s):  
Simon Bulmer ◽  
Owen Parker ◽  
Ian Bache ◽  
Stephen George ◽  
Charlotte Burns
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Central Component ◽  
European Level ◽  
Organized Interests ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the so-called organized interests, whose interaction with the formal European Union (EU) institutions is a central component of the EU’s decision-making process. The term ‘interest group’ refers to a range of organizations outside of the formal institutions that seek to influence decision making. They provide a link between state actors and the rest of society, also known as ‘civil society’. The chapter first considers the general growth of interest group activity at the European level before discussing the types of group that try to influence EU policy making and the forms of representation open to interests. It then explores the strategies and tactics that interest groups use to try to influence the different institutions. Finally, it analyses the issue of regulating interest group access to the EU institutions.

scholarly journals The Role of Neuroaccounting (the Science of Neural-based Accounting) in Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Tri Frida Suryati ◽  
William Indra S. Mooduto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Agency Relationships ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Selection Of

The present study aims to determine the role of neuroaccounting in decision making. The data collection method is conducted by using interviews, moreover, the data analysis is analyzed by administering the interpretation of subjective understanding of informants which then followed by researchers' reflexivity. The results suggest that principal-agent relationships can occur when the legislature and the executive establish agency relationships in the policy-making process. In the perception of neuroscience; the interest of interest, the limited time of office, the inclination and limitation of knowledge to know all the public needs can be imprinted and settled in the brain, thus, it can create moral hazard and adverse selection of behavior.

Corporatism

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Peter Munk Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Preferences ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Heart Blood ◽  
State Actors

Corporatism has played a core role in Danish policy-making for a long time. Based on positive feedback mechanisms, privileged interest groups increasingly came to be integrated in the preparation and implementation of most policy decisions during the twentieth century. After the 1970s, reform policies have sharpened the political exchange relation between state actors and interest groups. Interest groups must contribute to the realization of political preferences if they want to remain privileged insiders. If they cannot or will not contribute, they risk being left outside the decision-making arena. In such cases, state actors seek to control the policy process in order to avoid mobilization of reform resistance. Corporatism’s alternative is not pluralism but more closed decision-making processes. However, corporatism is not an either/or. Corporatism is weakened in some cases but still viable in others, even within the same sector. Danish unions have suffered many defeats on unemployment and early retirement schemes and have been kept out of decisions where heart-blood was at play. Simultaneously, the unions have entered a number of agreements using traditional corporatist means of policy-making. In the same sector and involving the same actors, corporatist structures coexist with strategic exclusion. The rumours of corporatism’s death are exaggerated.

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