Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Elaine Allen Lechtreck
Keyword(s):  
Christian Church ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Face ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Christian Century ◽  
Christian Message

This conclusion asks questions: Does a minister remain silent in the face of injustice? What happens to important ministerial concepts such as “freedom of the pulpit”? Can a pastor balance the prophetic with pastoral duties? Can he/she ignore the inclusive message of the Christian Church for fear of losing a pulpit? These ministers did not remain silent in the face of injustice. They believed in “freedom of the pulpit.” They did not ignore the inclusive message of Christianity. Many lost their pulpits and some were never given pulpits. As James Wall, a southern white minister who served as editor of The Christian Century magazine expressed, “These ministers carried a heavy burden and many were truly prophets without honor in ‘their own country. In answering a questionnaire, ministers responded that faith in the Christian message and their witness to racial atrocities were the two most important factors influencing their actions.

Islamists between revolution and the state: an epilogue

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Ghani Imad
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
New Type ◽  
Political Realities

The problematic addressed in this article is the challenge initiated by the Arab revolutions to reform the Arab political system in such a way as to facilitate the incorporation of ‘democracy’ at the core of its structure. Given the profound repercussions, this issue has become the most serious matter facing the forces of change in the Arab world today; meanwhile, it forms the most prominent challenge and the most difficult test confronting Islamists. The Islamist phenomenon is not an alien implant that descended upon us from another planet beyond the social context or manifestations of history. Thus it cannot but be an expression of political, cultural, and social needs and crises. Over the years this phenomenon has presented, through its discourse, an ideological logic that falls within the context of ‘advocacy’; however, today Islamists find themselves in office, and in a new context that requires them to produce a new type of discourse that pertains to the context of a ‘state’. Political participation ‘tames’ ideology and pushes political actors to rationalize their discourse in the face of daily political realities and the necessity of achievement. The logic of advocacy differs from that of the state: in the case of advocacy, ideology represents an enriching asset, whereas in the case of the state, it constitutes a heavy burden. This is one reason why so much discourse exists within religious jurisprudence related to interest or necessity or balancing outcomes. This article forms an epilogue to the series of articles on religion and the state published in previous issues of this journal. It adopts the methodologies of ‘discourse analysis’ and ‘case studies’ in an attempt to examine the arguments presented by Islamists under pressure from the opposition. It analyses the experiences, and the constraints, that inhibit the production of a ‘model’, and monitors the development of the discourse, its structure, and transformations between advocacy, revolution and the state.

Bernanos, Georges (1888–1948)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Valour
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Modern France ◽  
Spiritual Conflict ◽  
The Face ◽  
Charles Maurras ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Very High ◽  
Christian Message

Although still widely read in the 1950s, Bernanos has now become an out dated author, if not entirely forgotten. Though he had a very high reputation among his fellow writers — Claudel, Mauriac, and Malraux admired him — Bernanos has always remained an isolated figure. His Catholic faith was the driving force behind his whole work, as a novelist and a polemicist, and is likely to be the reason why his writings have become obsolete. Fulminating against the liberalizing spirit of modern France, which led to spiritual decadence, Bernanos was part of the circle of Charles Maurras and Léon Daudet until 1932. Maurras and Daudet were the intellectual leaders of the monarchist and extreme right movement L’Action Française. Nevertheless, Bernanos deeply denounces the violence of the pro-Franco, as well as the dangers associated with Fascism and Nazism, in his famous pamphlet Les GrandsCimetières sous la lune (1938). His novels, always extremely profound, present the spiritual conflict of good and evil. His two most famous novels, Sous le soleil de Satan (1926) and Journal d’un curé de campagne (1936), revolve around the humble figure of a country priest confronted with the apparent absence of God in the gloomy landscapes of Northern France; they exemplify the Christian message of salvation in the face of failure and death.

FACTORS INFLUENCING FACE MASK SELECTION AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS: RESULTS FROM PILOT STUDY AMONGST MALAYSIAN UMRAH PILGRIMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Asyraf Azman ◽  
Shahrul Anuwar Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Imran Abdullah ◽  
Irfan Mohamad ◽  
Javeed Shaikh Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mask Design ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prevention Methods

Hajj is the largest annual gathering of Muslims during which time over two million people from different parts of the world are gathered within a small area, leading to very high risks of acute respiratory infections (ARI) for the pilgrims. Therefore, preventive measures and controls should be implemented, including the implementation of non-pharmaceutical prevention methods such as the use of appropriate face masks, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, social distancing, and quarantine. A pilot study was conducted in 2013 to identify the types of face masks used by Malaysian Umrah pilgrims as well as to identify the problems pertaining to the face masks being used and to understand the factors influencing the selection of face masks by Malaysian pilgrims. Observations and survey methods were used in the pilot study. Data was collected from thirty respondents through a survey. This paper presents the results of the pilot study. Based on the knowledge of factors influencing face mask usage and selection from the pilot study, new face mask design(s) will be proposed for the Malaysian pilgrims. It is anticipated that the use of new face mask design(s) can reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections in Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.  

scholarly journals The Sacrosanctity of the Holocaust and its Influence on Judaism and the State of Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-247
Author(s):  
Victoria Nesfield
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Holocaust Memory ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Of Israel

The Holocaust maintains a status of inviolability in the Christian religious public sphere and also the mainstream media. The scale, gravity and sheer atrocity of the Holocaust still commands a response. The article argues that questions demanded by the Holocaust of the Christian church and the free world’s passivity in the face of genocide, led to a Christian support for the State of Israel driven by guilt and a sense of moral obligation which side-lined the impact of the State on the Palestinian people. With the Israel-Palestine conflict in its seventh decade, the imperative to overcome the hegemony of Holocaust memory is more urgent than ever. Seventy years after the Holocaust, its legacy in public and theological memory dominates questions of Judaism within the polity and the State of Israel. Two legal cases, which attracted media attention, illustrate how Holocaust memory is evoked in response to questions of Jewish practice in the European polity. Two further examples demonstrate how the pernicious influence of Holocaust memory and rhetoric colour responses to criticism of the State of Israel.

scholarly journals Development and Psychometric Properties of The Delayed Childbearing Questionnaire (DCBQ-55)

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani ◽  
Saeideh Ziaei ◽  
Anoshirvan Kazemnejad ◽  
Farideh Khalajabadi Farahani ◽  
Mojtaba Vaismoradi
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Delayed Childbearing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
The Face

The comprehensive assessment of delayed childbearing needs a valid and reliable instrument. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop an instrument to evaluate factors influencing delayed childbearing among women and to assess its psychometric properties. The current methodological study was performed in two phases of (i) qualitative instrument development, and (ii) quantitative psychometric assessment of the developed instrument. Face and content validity of the instrument was assessed by eligible women and a panel of experts. Construct validity was assessed using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). For reliability, internal consistency reliability and intra-rater reliability analysis were used. The initial instrument developed from the qualitative phase consisted of 60 items, which were reduced to 55 items after the face and content validity processes. EFA (n = 300) using the Kaiser criteria (Eigenvalues > 1) and the scree plot led to a six-factor solution accounting for 61.24% of the observed variance. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Spearman’s correlation, test–retest and intra-class correlation coefficients for the whole instrument were reported as 0.83, 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. The final instrument entitled the delayed childbearing questionnaire (DCBQ-55) included 50 items with six domains of ‘readiness for childbearing’, ‘stability in the partner relationship’, ‘awareness about the adverse outcomes of pregnancy in advanced maternal age’, ‘attitude toward delayed childbearing’, ‘family support’, and ‘social support’ on a five-point Likert scale. The DCBQ-55 as a simple, valid and reliable instrument can assess factors influencing delayed childbearing. It can be used by reproductive healthcare providers and policy makers to understand factors influencing delayed childbearing and devise appropriate strategies.

Factors influencing young children’s ability to discriminate unfamiliar faces by age

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. George ◽  
G. J. Hole ◽  
M. Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Face Features ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gaussian Blurring ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Three experiments examined young children’s ability to discriminate between pairs of unfamiliar faces which differed in age. Apre-test found that 99% of 6-year-olds, but only 36%of 4-year-olds, could reliably decide which of two faces was the oldest. Experiment 1 attempted to identify the nature of the information used for age-processing faces. Face-pairs were presented in four different versions: Original (unmodified image); Features-only (containing only the internal face features); Skin-blur (in which the skin regions of the face were subjected to Gaussian blurring); or Overall-blur (in which the entire image was blurred). The last three versions selectively reduced specific cues to age. No significant differences in age-discrimination performance were found between these different versions, suggesting that, as with adults, children are capable of adaptively using a variety of cues in order to discriminate between faces on the basis of age. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated in more detail a phenomenon suggested by Experiment 1: That children found it easier to discriminate between faces by age that were similar in age to themselves, than between adult faces. The results suggest that children as young as 6 years can use age to discriminate between faces of all ages with a relatively high degree of accuracy, but experience most difficulty with adult faces.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Nadia Davidenko ◽  
Natalia Wasilewska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Enterprise Integration ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
The Face ◽  
Strategic Goals

In this paper the system of factors influencing the formation of financial solvency was investigated, the financial sustainability of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine was evaluated, and an approach was developed to define and help ensure the financial sustainability of enterprises in the face of contemporary economic and market challenges. According to the research, the main principles for maintaining financial sustainability are: responsiveness to internal and external changes; governance systems; risk management; analysis of financial ratios; real assessment of the financial solvency of the enterprise; integration with the overall management system; orientation towards achieving the strategic goals of the enterprise; use of qualitative methods to inform financial decisions in the face of uncertainty and risk.

Why non-Muslims subscribe to Islamic banking?

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buerhan Saiti ◽  
Abubakar Aliyu Ardo ◽  
Ibrahim Guran Yumusak
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Face ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Potential Benefits

Purpose Islamic finance has exhibited immense potential to transform the global financial landscape in the recent years. In reaction to the trend, Nigeria introduced Islamic banking system to cater to the need of the teeming population and promote financial inclusion, among other potential benefits. Unfortunately, the notable growth recorded by the banks since the inception of the Islamic banking system is slowing down because of religiously induced sentiments and criticisms championed by certain non-Muslim segments of the society. Interestingly, even with the impish hype and publicity, non-Muslims make a significant customer base of the Islamic banks. Therefore, the current paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers, using the theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a positivist approach and relies on facts and quantitative data in an objective manner. Positivism emphasizes on using scientific methods to derive factual and quantifiable results. Findings Based on the regression analysis, subjective norm was found to be the most significant factor influencing the choice of Islamic banking followed by perceived behavioural control and attitude. As a result, it is important for Islamic banking institutions and relevant regulatory agencies to take preemptive measures that may protect and enhance these factors in a bid to promote patronage and eventual success of Islamic banking in Nigeria, especially in the face of growing scepticism. Originality/value The existing literature focuses on the choices of either Muslims without due emphasis on the determinant of choice in the case of non-Muslim customers. The growing support of Islamic banking products, cutting across religious divides, compels research on the factors that influence the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers. Hence, this research seeks to bridge the gap in the existing literature by embarking on an investigation into the factors influencing the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers in the context of Nigeria.

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