scholarly journals Small Ruminant Breeding Plans for Smallholder Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Iniguez
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Smallholder Producers ◽  
Smallholder Systems

The transfer of animal genetic improvement strategies in the environments of resource-poor smallholder producers in developing countries has not been successful. Therefore, the access by farmers to sources of animals with high genetic potential is difficult or just not possible. As producers improve or intensify their systems to capture market opportunities, this access need is accentuated. This paper reviews identified constraints to the transfer of breeding plans, the need for a new approach, and the lessons learned in applying a better-targeted approach. The issues and thoughts were derived from the experience of a working group involving the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas; Austrian University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences; Argentinean National Institute of Agriculture Technology; Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Goats and Sheep); and National Research Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Animal Production-Mexico. The transfer of breeding strategies in smallholder systems is not a straightforward task. Contrasting a successful application in commercial livestock production environments, the achievement of the primary objectives in smallholder systems requires a holistic approach beyond pure technical matters. Of all identified aspects with direct incidence in the implementation of breeding plans, the lack of specific national policies coupled with long-term funding to support the improvement of smallholder production systems, and the lack of involvement and participation of the communities emerge as issues that gravitate more to achieve sustainability and meet the objectives of a given breeding plan.

scholarly journals The Day the Classroom Flipped: Lessons Learned from Interdisciplinary Science Education Online

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus J.C. Long ◽  
Yimon Aye
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Educational Equality ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
Modern Chemical ◽  
Interdisciplinary Courses

The Covid‐19 pandemic, evolving needs of students & mentors, and the drive for global educational equality are collectively shifting how courses are packaged/distributed, ushering a more holistic approach and blending of fields. We recently created interdisciplinary courses in chemical biology aimed at massive open online and small private levels. These courses cover biology, chemistry, & physics, and concepts underlying modern chemical‐biology tools. We discuss what we learned while creating/overseeing these courses: content optimization and maintaining material freshness while fostering a stimulating learning environment. We outline mechanisms that help sustain student attention throughout rapidly‐moving courses, how to integrate adaptability to students’ needs in the short & long term, and speculate how we could have improved. We believe this will be an important guide for anyone wanting to develop online learning formats ideal for nurturing interdisciplinary scientists of tomorrow.

From Basic Engineering to Ramp-Up: The New Successful Execution Approach for Commissioning in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulino Bruno Santos ◽  
Teixeira Gilberto Junior ◽  
Leonardo De Souza Nogueira ◽  
Vilain Leonardo João ◽  
Simas G Milton Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Gas Compression ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Successful Execution ◽  
Surface Production ◽  
Made In

Abstract In the last three years, COMPANY has started the production of eight Surface Production Systems (Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading Units) in the Búzios and Lula fields of the Brazilian pre-salt that have generated technical knowledge, organizational learning and many opportunities to explore in upcoming projects. The lessons learned as well as the organizational knowledge acquired in this period, resulted in a new approach for the commissioning process to apply in COMPANY's coming FPSO projects. During this period, COMPANY identified improvement opportunities and stablished structuring programs focused on adding value to these new assets. The main opportunity identified was to reduce the period required for ramping-up the oil production, considering aggressive target dates for start-up, with high up time on the gas compression systems with minimum flaring. In this manuscript, will be described some of the important actions and changes made in commissioning process that allowed COMPANY to achieve better efficiency and safety in ramp up of new FPSOs in Brazilian pre salt fields.

Economical and Technological Foresight and Firms Development Strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Свирчевский ◽  
Vadim Svirchevskiy ◽  
Юсим ◽  
Vyacheslav Yusim ◽  
Бобков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
The Law

In the article a new approach to the development of strategy of commercial organization development is offered. Authors enter the new concept “economical and technological foresight” which is understood as an expert assessment of the strategic directions of social and economic and innovative development, of identification of the technological breaks capable to make impact on economy and society in the medium-term and long term on the basis of the theory of economical and technological development of firm. It is shown how on the basis of the regularities revealed within the theory of economical and technological development of firm it is possible to prove tendencies and laws of development of last, modern and future production systems. It is shown how to use the law of alternation of economical and technological structure of firm and the law of growth of economically justified volumes of release in the development of production systems.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Production and Maintenance Management Applying the Viable System Model: The Case of an OEM Plant

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Gallego García ◽  
Manuel García García
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
System Model ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Viable System Model ◽  
Production Environments ◽  
Viable System ◽  
The Right

Designing, changing and adapting organizations to secure viability is challenging for manufacturing companies. Researchers often fail to holistically design or transform production systems. Reasons are often the conflict of interests between production and maintenance, the temporal divergence of their activities and their organizational structure. Thus, the aim of this study is to propose a holistic approach of how production and maintenance can be designed, changed or managed. Hereby, the Viable System Model was applied. This structure can be applied to any kind of structured organization and for its management with goals to be achieved in modern society; however, focus of the research is the coordination of production and maintenance management. The goal of the developed model is to be able to react to some potential production environments by taking coordinated decisions correctly and in the right moment based on the needed information. To ensure this, standardized communication channels were defined. In conclusion, this proposed approach enables production systems to have internal mechanisms to secure viability depending on all potential environment scenarios.

ANTICIPATORY LONG-TERM RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

Drawing on ideas advanced during the course of an international workshop, this paper reviews agricultural research priorities in the dry areas of the developing world, where economic and demographic pressures are driving a rapid intensification of production, even on very fragile lands. Current priorities for research and research funding reflect a strongly felt need, among governments and donor agencies, for rapid problem-solving to relieve poverty. In this context, traditional long-term agronomic research trials, with essentially strategic and basic objectives, are often seen as irrelevant. Yet the need to anticipate problems impending in environments where intensification is consuming the natural resource base and degrading the production potential is an urgent one. To accommodate this need to the perceptions of the different stakeholders, a new research paradigm, ‘Anticipatory Long-Term Research for Sustainable Productivity’, is proposed. It invokes a holistic approach, building a longer view and greater dynamism into traditional agronomy, enhancing ties to socio-economic and resource management disciplines, and reconciling the immediate demand for high-yielding technology with the strategic issues of sustainable production.

scholarly journals Crop Planning in Synchronized Crop-Demand Scenarios: A Biobjective Optimization Formulation

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Belarmino Adenso-Díaz ◽  
Gabriel Villa
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Crop Planning ◽  
Biobjective Optimization ◽  
New Type ◽  
Planning Problems

Crop planning problems have been extensively studied from different perspectives (profit maximization, optimizing available water use, sustainability, etc.). In this paper, a new approach is proposed that considers new forms of customer-producer relationship, involving long-term cooperation agreements where the product volumes are agreed, and the demand is guaranteed in advance. In this context, typical of manufacturing production systems, crop planning must guarantee a given production level on specific dates, thus becoming deterministic in nature. In that context, this paper introduces a lexicographic biobjective optimization approach that, in addition to cost minimization, aims at minimizing the risk of not meeting the agreed demands. The latter is done by maximizing the geographic dispersion of the crops so that weather risk is mitigated. A number of experiments have been carried out to test the proposed approach, showing the high complexity of the solution and opening the door to new solution procedures for a problem that results from interest given to the new type of relationships in the food logistics chain.

Exploring the design process of reconfigurable industrial production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carin Rösiö ◽  
Jessica Bruch
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Reconfigurable Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Production System Design

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore activities, challenges, and suggest tactics for the design of industrial reconfigurable production systems that can easily adapt to changing market opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The paper synthesizes the empirical findings of seven case studies including 47 in-depth interviews at four manufacturing companies. Findings A conceptual production system design process and including activities that enables a long-term perspective considering reconfigurability is proposed. Additionally, critical challenges indicating that reconfigurable production system design is not a trivial issue but one that requires separate control and coordination are identified and tactics to overcome the challenges described. Research limitations/implications The authors propose a process for designing reconfigurable production systems that are better suited to adjust to future needs. The knowledge of reconfigurability from the reconfigurable manufacturing system literature is applied in the general production system literature field. This study contributes to a clearer picture of managerial challenges that need to be dealt with when designing a reconfigurable production system. Practical implications By clarifying key activities facilitating a long-term perspective in the design process and highlighting challenges and tactics for improvement, the findings are particularly relevant to production engineers and plant managers interested in increasing the ability to adapt to future changes through reconfigurability and improve the efficiency of their production system design process. Originality/value Although reconfigurable production systems are critical for the success of manufacturing companies, the process of designing such systems is not clear. This paper stretches this by giving a comprehensive picture of the production system design process and the activities that need to be considered to meet these challenges.

Integrated activity planning: a proven approach to optimising operations outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Bradley Farrell ◽  
Vikrant Mulgund
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Activity Scheduling ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Activity Planning ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Operational Activity

Integrated activity planning (IAP) is a proven approach for dealing with complexity and uncertainty when operating complex production systems. IAP is driven by the need to deliver on production forecasts, optimise the decision making for the planning, scheduling and execution of activities impacting production, mitigate the risk associated with major shutdowns or bringing capital projects online and optimise interfaces to allow engineering, supply, maintenance and operations to work together seamlessly. Planning is typically spread across several time horizons, including long-term strategic business plans, medium-term program plans and short-term maintenance plans and operational activity scheduling. This paper provides a definition of IAP, a description of its value, a detailed case study from one of the world’s leading IAP implementations and a series of lessons learned.

Maximizing Outcomes in Group Treatment of Aphasia: Lessons Learned From a Community-Based Center

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Communication Impairments ◽  
Treatment Settings

Given the potential of long term intervention to positively influence speech/language and psychosocial domains, a treatment protocol was developed at the Stroke Comeback Center which addresses communication impairments arising from chronic aphasia. This article presents the details of this program including the group purposes and principles, the use of technology in groups, and the applicability of a group program across multiple treatment settings.

Reduction of major amputations in the diabetic ischaemic foot: A strategy to "take control" with conservative care as well as revascularisation

VASA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement 58) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmonds ◽  
Foster
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Vascular Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Conservative Care ◽  
Arterial Bypass ◽  
Therapeutic Footwear ◽  
Frequent Problem

The diabetic ischaemic foot has become an increasingly frequent problem over the last decade. However, we report a new approach consisting of a basic classification, a simple staging system of the natural history and a treatment plan for each stage, within a multi-disciplinary framework. This approach of "taking control" consists of two parts: 1. long-term conservative care including debridement of ulcers (to obtain wound control), eradication of sepsis (micribiological control), and provision of therapeutic footwear (mechanical control), and 2. revascularisation by angioplasty and arterial bypass (vascular control). This approach has led to a 50% reduction in the rate of major amputations in patients attending with ischaemic ulceration and absent foot pulses from 1989 to 1999 (from 4.6% to 2.3% per year). Patients who underwent angioplasty increased from 6% to 13%. Arterial bypass similarly increased from 3% to 7% of cases. However, even with an increased rate of revascularisation, 80% of patients responded to conservative care alone. This,we conclude, is an essential part of the management of all patients with ischaemic feet.

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