scholarly journals Characteristics of calcium and phosphorous metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery and the role of vitamin d supplementation in the prevention and treatment of postoperative bone and mineral disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Marina A. Berkovskaya ◽  
Dana A. Kushkhanashkhova ◽  
Yulia P. Sych ◽  
Valentin V. Fadeev

This article provides a review of current literature on the effect of various doses of vitamin D on the parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery. The decrease of bone mineral density is one of the most frequent complications of the bariatric surgery, which increases the risk of fractures. There are many different mechanisms for impaired mineral metabolism after bariatric surgery, but a decrease in the absorption of calcium and vitamin D plays a key role in this process. Vitamin D is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body, which provides the absorption of 90% of calcium in the gut. Patients with morbid obesity have a high risk of vitamin D deficiency even before surgery, which may worsen after operation and in the absence of timely treatment lead to severe disturbances of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It was found that high doses of vitamin D after bariatric surgery can improve parameters of bone metabolism, and, as a result, prevent fractures after surgery, which generally has a beneficial effect on the quality of life and labor prognosis. The results of the studies available to date open up new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications associated with impaired bone metabolism.

Author(s):  
Г.В. УЛИВАНОВА ◽  
О.А. ФЕДОСОВА ◽  
О.А. КАРЕЛИНА ◽  
В.В. КУЛАКОВ ◽  
И.Ю. БЫСТРОВА

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящего исследования является анализ состояния обмена кальция и фосфора в организме оперированных бычков при разных типах кормления. Методология. Для изучения процессов минерального обмена в организме животных было проведено исследование методом латинского квадрата с использованием приемов экспериментальной хирургии, в частности, установки фистулы рубца и кишечного анастомоза. Были изучены такие показатели как поедаемость кормов рациона, содержание изучаемых минеральных веществ и их соотношений в исходном сырье, кормах, дуоденальном химусе, кале, моче, крови, а также количество потребленных, усвоенных и использованных минеральных веществ, в частности, кальция и фосфора. Результаты. В ходе исследования было отмечено резкое снижение кальция и фосфора в растительном сырье и кормах, заготовленных на более поздней стадии вегетации, а также более низкий уровень поедаемости подобных кормов, что приводит к снижению концентрации данных веществ в рационе и в организме животных. Анализ метаболизма изучаемых минеральных веществ выявил, что коэффициент усвоения фосфора во всех случаях был достоверно выше коэффициента усвоения кальция. Наблюдалось снижение коэффициента усвоения фосфора у бычков в группах, получавших корма, приготовленные на более поздней стадии вегетации. Кроме того, коэффициент усвоения фосфора в группах, получавших силос, был выше, чем в группах, получавших сенаж. В случае с кальцием такой четкой зависимости выявлено не было, но и в этом случае прослеживалась тенденция относительного увеличения коэффициента усвоения у животных в группах, использовавших силосные рационы. Анализ содержания фосфора в крови показал повышение его концентрации при использовании силосных рационов, что объясняется активизацией процессов межуточного обмена. Заключение. Результаты исследования показали, что метаболизм кальция и фосфора в организме зависит от целого ряда факторов, и для правильной корректировки рационов с целью повышения эффективности их использования необходим комплексный анализ их состава и структуры. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this study was to analyze the state of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the organism of operated bulls with diferent types of feeding.Methodology. To study the processes of mineral metabolism in animals, an investigation was carried out using the Latin square method using the techniques of experimental surgery, in particular, the installation of a scar fstula and intestinal anastomosis. The following parameters were studied: the feed intake of the diet, the content of the studied minerals and their ratios in the initial raw materials, feed, duodenal chyme, feces, urine, blood, as well as the amount of consumed, assimilated and used minerals, in particular calcium and phosphorus. Results. In the course of the study, a sharp decrease in calcium and phosphorus in plant materials and feeds prepared at a later stage of the growing season was noted, as well as a lower level of consumption of such feeds, which led to a decrease in the concentration of these substances in the diet and in animals. The analysis of the metabolism of the studied mineral substances revealed that the coefcient of phosphorus absorption in all cases was signifcantly higher than the coefcient of calcium absorption. There was a decrease in the coefcient of phosphorus assimilation in bulls in the groups that received feed prepared at a later stage of the growing season. In addition, the phosphorus absorption rate in the silage-fed groups was higher than that in the haylage-fed groups. In the case of calcium, such a clear relationship was not revealed, but in this case, there was also a tendency towards a relative increase in the absorption coefcient in animals in the groups that used silage rations. Analysis of the phosphorus content in the blood showed an increase in its concentration when using silage rations, which was explained by the activation of the processes of interstitial metabolism. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body depends on a number of factors, and a comprehensive analysis of their composition and structure is required for the correct adjustment of diets in order to increase the efciency of their use.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e25101320738
Author(s):  
Marlon Mezadri Layber ◽  
Alyne Barreto Mesquita de Goés ◽  
Camila Vilar de Oliveira Villarim ◽  
Diego Maia Diógenes Rabelo Caldas ◽  
Irami Araújo-Neto ◽  
...  

Introduction: Vitamin D is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol during a photochemical reaction, under the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin, obtained from food. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). It is an active metabolite, which maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus concentration in the blood, in addition to helping bone remodeling. Vitamin D deficiency promotes rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults, with a risk of bone fracture. Vitamin D acts in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases via immunomodulation, increases mineral density and reduces bone resorption, which is important in combating agents that cause periodontal diseases. Objectives: Evaluate the importance of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Methods: A search was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases on scientifically proven evidence on the subject. Results: The present review demonstrated the importance of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and the consequences of its deficiency on the oral health of patients. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role in oral homeostasis and vitamin deficiency results in periodontal disease.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 401-408
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Piekarska ◽  
Marcela Maksymowicz ◽  
Radosław Kasperski ◽  
Agata Pikulicka ◽  
Katarzyna Pacek

Vitamin D is traditionally associated with the regulation of mineral metabolism and bone homeostasis, and its deficiency is the cause of diseases such as osteoporosis or osteomalacia. However, numerous studies in recent years suggest that thanks to the common expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the cells of the body and the related additional anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic vitamin D effects, it may play a role in the development and progress of autoimmune diseases and tumors. The collected data suggest that low vitamin D levels correlate with the occurrence of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland and that there is a significant correlation between 25(OH)D and anti-TPO or anti-Tg levels. However, these data are inconclusive and further research is needed to confirm this relationship and determine whether lowered vitamin D titer is the cause or rather the consequence of autoimmune thyroid disorders, and whether vitamin D supplementation could prove to be an effective prophylaxis and treatment.


Author(s):  
O.M. Repetska ◽  
M.M. Rozhko ◽  
T.M. Dmytryshyn ◽  
A.B. Kostyshyn

At present, there is no definitive opinion on the effect of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism, as the dualism of their effects has been proven. Various studies show mixed data on metabolic changes in periodontal tissues on the background of thyroid dysfunction. Bone tissue plays a key role in the complex system of mechanisms of regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the body. The processes of modeling and remodeling of bone and its mineralization are closely related to calcium metabolism. The biochemical manifestation of osteoporotic processes in the cell bone in generalized periodontitis is a violation of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis on the background of altered markers of bone metabolism. According to the literature, it is known that the main indicator of calcium-phosphorus metabolism is the content of calcium in the serum. However, for the metabolic characteristics of the inflammatory-dystrophic process in the cell bone, it is necessary to study the level of inorganic phosphorus and calculate the molar ratio of calcium / phosphorus. The calcium / phosphorus ratio in the blood is important for the study of calcium deposits in bone tissue. Maintenance of normal bone structure depends on the exchange of phosphates between blood and bone tissue. Magnesium along with calcium is needed to achieve optimal bone mineral density. Magnesium helps maintain normal levels of calcium in bone tissue, its constant renewal in bone, prevents calcium loss. With limited intake of magnesium, the formation of calcium phosphate is inhibited. In order to establish indicators that would reflect the peculiarities of metabolic disorders in the organic matrix of the cell process, which is the main component of the periodontium, we conducted biochemical studies, which included the study of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and serum magnesium in patients with primary hypothyroidism and persons without endocrine pathology. According to the results of studies, in young people with generalized periodontitis on the background of reduced thyroid function, there were violations of calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the serum, which consisted of hypocalcemia and decreased calcium-phosphorus ratio. This may indicate abnormalities in calcium intake and absorption in patients with hypothyroidism. We attribute this fact to the fact that for the normal absorption and metabolism of calcium, thyroid hormones are needed, the production of which is reduced in this endocrine pathology. Data on the negative changes of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, and especially the violation of calcium absorption by patients with generalized periodontitis in young people with primary hypothyroidism, should be considered when developing schemes for the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease in this category of patients.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
G. Deepika ◽  
Chaitali R. Raghoji ◽  
Ashwini R. C. ◽  
G. Guruprasad

Neonatal late onset hypocalcemia is the one which occurs after 72 hours of life. 1,25 (OH)2- vitamin D and Parathormone (PTH) play crucial role in regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the body. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gut. PTH promotes absorption of calcium from thick ascending loop of henle and distal tubule whereas it increases excretion of phosphorus. During hypocalcemia, parathormone level shoot up in the body to maintain normal calcium levels. In a patient with poor resources of vitamin D, there is disturbance of Calcium, phosphorus homeostasis leading on to clinical manifestations. Exclusively breast-fed infants without vitamin D supplementation and infants born to mothers with Vitamin D deficiency are at risk to develop Hypovitaminosis D and manifest symptoms of hypocalcemia.


1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Guroff ◽  
Hector F. DeLuca ◽  
Harry Steenbock

Pantothenic acid and pyridoxine deficiencies in rats greatly minimized the rise in serum citrate following vitamin D administration without affecting the rise in serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and femur ash. In addition, pyridoxine deficiency reduced the response of bone citrate to the administration of vitamin D. The administration of cortisone acetate to rats on a low-calcium diet completely prevented the response of serum and bone citrate to vitamin D administration while having no effect on the response of serum calcium to vitamin D. These findings make it unlikely that an elevated citrate content of extracellular fluid and bone mediates the basic effects of vitamin D on mineral metabolism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882093129
Author(s):  
Faustino R. Pérez-López ◽  
Peter Chedraui ◽  
Stefan Pilz

The purpose of this review was to assess recent evidence regarding the effects of low vitamin D levels on some highly prevalent clinical conditions of postmenopausal women. We reviewed and selected recent literature regarding menopause-related conditions associated with vitamin D deficiency and interventions to manage them. Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels related to menopause are linked to diet, lifestyle, changes in body composition, insulin sensitivity, and reduced physical activity. Vitamin D supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D levels while normalizing parathyroid hormone and bone markers, and in women with serum 25(OH)D levels below 10 ng/ml supplementation may improve bone mineral density. Low vitamin D status has been associated with the metabolic syndrome, high triglyceride levels, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. When compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation may lower the risk of the metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. There is an inverse relationship between fat mass and serum 25(OH)D levels and, therefore, the dosage of supplementation should be adjusted according to the body mass index. Although vitamin D supplementation may improve glucose metabolism in prediabetic subjects, data regarding muscle strength are conflictive. There is evidence that vitamin D over-treatment, to reach extremely high circulating 25(OH)D levels, does not result in better clinical outcomes. The identification and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women may improve their general health and health outcomes. Vitamin D supplementation should preferably be based on the use of either cholecalciferol or calcifediol.


2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Souza Genaro ◽  
de Paiva Pereira ◽  
de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Szejnfeld ◽  
Araújo Martini

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (o3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suaad Muhssen Ghazi ◽  
Fatin Shallal Farhan

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Vitamin D plays an important physiologic role in reproductive functions of ovarian follicular development and luteinization through altering anti-müllerian hormone signaling, follicular stimulating hormone activity and progesterone production in human granulose cells. Vitamin D is precipitated in adipose fat tissues, making it notable to be used for the body as a result; obese people with high body mass index are already highly expected to have low levels of serum vitamin D.


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