scholarly journals Vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e25101320738
Author(s):  
Marlon Mezadri Layber ◽  
Alyne Barreto Mesquita de Goés ◽  
Camila Vilar de Oliveira Villarim ◽  
Diego Maia Diógenes Rabelo Caldas ◽  
Irami Araújo-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Introduction: Vitamin D is synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol during a photochemical reaction, under the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the skin, obtained from food. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). It is an active metabolite, which maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus concentration in the blood, in addition to helping bone remodeling. Vitamin D deficiency promotes rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults, with a risk of bone fracture. Vitamin D acts in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases via immunomodulation, increases mineral density and reduces bone resorption, which is important in combating agents that cause periodontal diseases. Objectives: Evaluate the importance of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Methods: A search was carried out in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases on scientifically proven evidence on the subject. Results: The present review demonstrated the importance of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and the consequences of its deficiency on the oral health of patients. Conclusion: Vitamin D plays an important role in oral homeostasis and vitamin deficiency results in periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Characteristics of calcium and phosphorous metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery and the role of vitamin d supplementation in the prevention and treatment of postoperative bone and mineral disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Marina A. Berkovskaya ◽  
Dana A. Kushkhanashkhova ◽  
Yulia P. Sych ◽  
Valentin V. Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

This article provides a review of current literature on the effect of various doses of vitamin D on the parameters of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients after bariatric surgery. The decrease of bone mineral density is one of the most frequent complications of the bariatric surgery, which increases the risk of fractures. There are many different mechanisms for impaired mineral metabolism after bariatric surgery, but a decrease in the absorption of calcium and vitamin D plays a key role in this process. Vitamin D is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body, which provides the absorption of 90% of calcium in the gut. Patients with morbid obesity have a high risk of vitamin D deficiency even before surgery, which may worsen after operation and in the absence of timely treatment lead to severe disturbances of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It was found that high doses of vitamin D after bariatric surgery can improve parameters of bone metabolism, and, as a result, prevent fractures after surgery, which generally has a beneficial effect on the quality of life and labor prognosis. The results of the studies available to date open up new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications associated with impaired bone metabolism.

scholarly journals Association between Candida species and periodontal disease: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Suresh Unniachan ◽  
Nisha Krishnavilasom Jayakumari ◽  
Shruthi Sethuraman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Supporting Structures

Periodontal diseases result in the inflammation of the supporting structures of the teeth, thereby leading to attachment loss and bone loss. One of the main etiological factors responsible for this condition is the presence of subgingival biofilms, comprising microorganisms, namely bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Candida species is one of the fungi reported to be found in periodontal disease which is suggestive of the presence of an association between these variables. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association of Candida species with periodontal disease and determine the prevalence of these species in the patients affected with this disease. The articles related to the subject of interest were searched in several databases, including the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The search process was accomplished using three keywords, namely ‘‘Candida species’’, ‘‘Chronic periodontitis’’, and ‘‘Gingivitis’’. All the identified studies were comprehensively evaluated for the association of Candida species with periodontal disease. This systematic review included 23 articles, which assessed the prevalence of Candida species in periodontal diseases. The results of 21 studies were indicative of a positive association between Candida species and periodontal diseases. Accordingly, it was concluded that there is a strong association between the presence of Candida species and periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, and Peripheral Bone Densitometry in Adults with Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ciacci ◽  
Giancarlo Bilancio ◽  
Ilaria Russo ◽  
Paola Iovino ◽  
Pierpaolo Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Background: Adults with celiac disease (CeD) show low bone mineral density (BMD) and high fracture risk. CeD guidelines suggest measurements of serum minerals and vitamin D. However, studies on vitamin levels in CeD patients are contradictory. Aim: To investigate in CeD, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D], 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and related analytes and to evaluate their relationships to peripheral BMD as assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Methods: Gluten-free diet (GFD)-treated, and untreated adult CeD patients naïve to vitamin D and calcium supplementation underwent measurements of serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), total calcium, phosphate, and of radius BMD by pQCT. Results: Complete data were collected in 105 patients for lab tests and 87 patients for BMD. For lab tests, untreated CeD differed from treated CeD for 22.0% lower serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.023), 42.5% higher serum PTH (p < 0.001), and 13.0% higher serum 1,25(OH)2D (p = 0.029) in the presence of similar serum calcium and phosphorus (p > 0.35). For BMD, untreated CeD differed from treated CeD for lower diaphyseal cortical BMD (1133 and 1157 mg/cm3, p = 0.004) but not for distal BMD (total, trabecular, and subcortical, p > 0.13). Independent correlates of diaphyseal cortical BMD were GFD treatment and body mass index (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Data indicated that, compared to CeD patients on a gluten-free diet, untreated adult CeD patients at diagnosis had lower 25(OH)D, higher PTH, and higher 1,25(OH)2D in the absence of difference in serum calcium and phosphorus. 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D, even below the normal range, were not associated with BMD. Our findings do not support the use of vitamin D supplementation for all CeD adults.

scholarly journals Bone condition in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
N.S. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
L.F. Bogmat ◽  
Yu.V. Khadzhinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Osteopenia (osteopenic syndrome) and osteoporosis (OP) are among the frequent and highly disabling conditions that accompany the development of rheumatic diseases (RD), including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Changes in the requirements for the diagnosis and treatment of children with JIA according to the treatment strategy to achieve the goal (treat to target) have led to a decrease in the frequency of development and manifestations of OP in patients with RD. The condition of bone tissue in children with JIA, against the background of modern therapy and in conditions of widespread vitamin D deficiency requires further study. Purpose — to study bone mineral density (BMD) in children with JIA in modern disease management and to identify adverse factors for the development of OP among clinical signs. Materials and methods. We examined 35 children with JIA aged 7 to 17 years, mostly female (77.1%), with oligo (25.7)%, poly (60.0%) and undifferentiated (14.3%) option, 53.4% of whom have not yet received basic therapy. All patients underwent BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on a bone densitometer Explorer QD W (Hologic), parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total and ionized calcium and phosphorus in syvo. The control group consisted of 12 healthy children of the same age with a normal level of 25(OH)D. Results. The mean level of vitamin D in the serum of children in the main group was 20.41±1.35 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than in the control group (30.03±2.53 ng/ml, p<0.05); the frequency of low levels of vitamin D reached 88.57%. The content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood did not deviate from the normative values, despite the widespread deficiency of vitamin D. 98.37% of patients had normal PTH values, the average level in the blood was 30.43±0.90 pg/ml. The content of PTH was the highest in non-differential arthritis (34.33±1.80 pg/ml), the lowest in the oligoarticular variant (28.36±1.43 pg/ml, p<0.05). PTH concentrations correlated with vitamin D levels (r=-0.41; p<0.05) and were independent of patient gender and disease activity. The frequency of decreased BMD was 28.57% of the surveyed children. The prevalence of osteopenia was the same in different variants of arthritis and did not depend on the sex and age of patients, positivity in the RF. Osteopenic syndrome was significantly more common in ANA-positive JIA than in ANA-negative variant (46.15% vs. 18.18%; pϕ<0.05). The condition of bone tissue (Z-criteria) depended on BMI (r=0.33; p<0.05), disease activity on the JADAS scale (r=0.35; p<0.04), the number of active joints (r=0.34; p<0.05); ANA level (r=-0.34; p<0.05). In the group of children with osteopenic syndrome, BMD correlated with the duration of the disease (r=-0.67; p<0.05), the number of active joints (r=-0.62; p<0.05), the level of blood phosphorus 0.74; p<0.05) and the sum of points on the JADAS scale (r=0.59; p<0.05). In the group of children with preserved BMD, the spectrum of correlations was supplemented by indicators of vitamin D status (r=-0.33; p<0.05) and BMI (r=-0.40; p<0.05). Conclusions. In children with JIA, the incidence of osteopenia is 28.57% with vitamin D deficiency in 88.57% of patients, preserved levels of total calcium, phosphorus and PTH in the blood. Decreased BMD in the early stages of JIA is associated with a younger age of patients and the age of onset of the disease, increased prevalence of joint syndrome, inflammatory and serological activity of the disease, ionized calcium and blood phosphorus, PTH levels and decreased vitamin D (р<0,001). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: bone mineral density; juvenile idiopathic arthritis; osteopenia; 25-OH-vitamin D; parathyroid hormone.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and Dentistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Gül Aydın ◽  
Öner Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Vitamin D deficiency is a pandemic issue due to decreased vitamin D intake from food and lessened sunlight exposure. Attention is drawn to vitamin D and its role learned in notable clinical disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancers including oral ones. Vitamin D is also very effective along with minerals in the protection of oral health. Vitamin D helps maintain the calcium-phosphate balance and contributes to the shaping of the bone. It is reported that with sufficient vitamin D level, the onset and progression of caries in the tooth structure can be stopped, the formation of caries can be reduced and enamel loss can be prevented. Vitamin D also affects the disease and health conditions of the periodontium. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions have a role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disorders. It can reduce bone resorption and suppress the inflammatory outcome related to periodontal diseases by increasing mineral density. Vitamin D has been linked with tooth decay, gingivitis, and tooth loss. Vitamin D, in particular, as a promising oral health-protective agent, is said to lessen the incidence of caries and periodontitis.

scholarly journals Social media and eating disorder psychopathology: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Frieiro Padín ◽  
Rubén González-Rodríguez ◽  
Carmen Verde-Diego ◽  
Raquel Vázquez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Eating Disorder Psychopathology ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between socialization through social media (SM) and eating disorders (EDs) is a serious problem for public health, largely affecting the mental health of younger people. This work aimed to identify scientific works addressing ED psychopathologies, studying their relationship with SM usage. In this systematic review, we analyze the available scientific evidence, thereby providing tools for intervention, prevention, and treatment. A systematic review and PRISMA analysis of narrative syntheses was carried out. Works were selected from the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Out of a total of 257 references, 19 articles were identified and selected; among them, correlational studies predominated. A growing interest in the subject matter was identified, as it is undergoing constant changes. The investigations found that EDs and SM usage are influenced by the time spent on SM, the type of interactions, and shared photographs, as well as gender and sociocultural context.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Vitamin D and Periodontal Pathology

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Jagelavičienė ◽  
Inga Vaitkevičienė ◽  
Dovilė Šilingaitė ◽  
Eglė Šinkūnaitė ◽  
Goda Daugėlaitė
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

Osteoporosis and periodontal diseases are common problems among the elderly population. Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is either synthesized by human skin cells under the effect of UV radiation or consumed through diet. Deficiency in vitamin D leads to reduced bone mineral density, osteoporosis, the progression of periodontal diseases and causes resorption to occur in the jawbone. Sufficient intake of vitamin D can decrease the risk of gingivitis and chronic periodontitis, as it has been shown to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative effects and initiates cell apoptosis. In addition, vitamin D is also important for bone metabolism, alveolar bone resorption and preventing tooth loss. It increases antibacterial defense of gingival epithelial cells and decrease gingival inflammation, improves postoperative wound healing after periodontal surgery and is an important supplement used as prophylaxis in periodontology. This publication aims to update the recent advances, stress the clinical importance, and evaluate vitamin D in the prevention of periodontal diseases to reach a successful outcome of conservative and surgical treatment. An analysis of the literature shows that vitamin D plays a significant role in maintaining healthy periodontal and jaw bone tissues, alleviating inflammation processes, stimulating post-operative healing of periodontal tissues and the recovery of clinical parameters. However, further research is needed to clarify the required vitamin D concentration in plasma before starting periodontal treatment to achieve the best outcome.

scholarly journals The Importance of Vitamin D for Periodontal Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Jagelaviciene
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Preventive Role

There are many causes of vitamin D deficiency, which determines pathogenesis of many diseases, including periodontal ones. Constant low uptake or deficiency of vitamin D results in progression of periodontal diseases and jaw bone metabolism - leads to change of bone mineral density, causes resorption in alveolar bone, tooth loss, changes of masticatory function and osteoporosis. The clinical studies strive to link vitamin D with gingivitis and periodontitis and prove its therapeutic and preventive role, because of vitamin D immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects for periodontal tissues and best treatment outcome. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the importance of vitamin D on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, its role on regulation of the immune system and defense mechanism, influence on jawbone quality and on the correlation between vitamin D concentration in plasma and periodontal diseases.

Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Vitamin D Status in Osteoporotic Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Souza Genaro ◽  
de Paiva Pereira ◽  
de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Szejnfeld ◽  
Araújo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Records

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

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