Impacts of Land-Use Changes on Water Quality by an  Application of GIS Analysis: a Case Study of Nerus River,  Terengganu, Malaysia

The impact of land use change on water quality of Nerus River Kuala Terengganu is an event that needs to be taken seriously in this study. The objectives of the study area are to carried out 13 parameters water quality samplings and analysis of Nerus River as well as to classify water quality concentration based on NWQS and WQI classifications; to interpret 2000 and 2013 land use/land cover maps of Nerus River Basin and to evaluate water quality data by statistical technique such as similarities and dissimilarities between sampling stations to determine pollution sources. Methods that were used in study area GIS will use to classify land cover/land use changes in the catchment between 2000 and 2013 land use maps. Water quality analysis and monitoring were done based on three sampling stations during both dry and wet seasons, involving analysis 13 water quality parameters. Water quality classification is using the National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) and the Water Quality Index (WQI). Statistical analysis such as similarities and dissimilarities between sampling stations was applied. Results of the study show that the river was classified as class II (slightly polluted), III (moderately polluted) in accordance with previous studies.

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Dampak Limbah Penambangan Emas Tanpa Izin (Peti) Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Limun Kabupaten Sarolangun Propinsi Jambi - The Impact Of Illegal Gold Mining Activity To The Water Quality Of Limun River, Sarolangun District, Jambi Province

Bulletin of Scientific Contribution ◽

10.24198/bsc.vol14.yr2016.art10969 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

Rita Yulianti ◽

Emi Sukiyah ◽

Nana Sulaksana

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Gold Mining ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Water Levels ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Quality Data ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

The Impact

Daerah penelitian terletak di desa Muaro Limun, Kecamatan Limun Kabupaten Sarolangun Provinsi Jambi. Sungai limun, salah satu sungai besar di daerah kabupaten sarolangun yang dimanfaatkan oleh mayarakat sekitarnya sebagai sumber penghidupan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kegiatan penambangan terhadap kualitas air sungai Batang Limun, dan perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia yang diakibatkan kegiatan penambangan.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode grab sampel, serta stream sedimen untuk dianalis di laboratorium. Sejumlah sampel diambil di beberapa lokasi Penambangan Emas berdasarkan Aliran Sub-DAS dan dibandingkan dengan beberapa sampel lain yang diambil pada lokasi yang belum terkontaminasi oleh kegiatan penambangan. Analisis kualitas air mengacu pada SMEWWke 22 tahun 2012 dan standar baku mutu air kelas II dalam PP No 82 yang dikeluarkan oleh Menteri Kesehatan No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010. Diketahui sungai Batang Limun telah mengalami perubahan karakteristik fisika dan kimia. Dari grafik kosentrasi kekeruhan, pH, TSS, TDS Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Hg terlihat bahwa penambang emas tanpa izin (PETI) dengan cara amalgamasi yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas air sungai. Sejak tahun 2009 sampai tahun 2015 sungai Limun dan sekitarnya terus mengalami penurunan kualitas air. Penurunan kualitas yang cukup tinggi terjadi yaitu peningkatan nilai Rata-rata konsentrasi merkuri pada sungai Batang Limun dari 0,18ppb (0,00018 mg/l) menjadi 0,3ppb (0,0003 mg/l), peningkatan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh proses kegiatan penambangan dan nilai tersebut masih dibawah standar baku mutu air kelas II pp nomor 82 tahun 2010.Kata kunci : Kualitas Air, Sungai Limun,TSS, Merkuri, PETI Limun river is one of the major rivers in the area of Sarolangun, which utilized by the society as a source of livelihood. The aim of study to analyze the effect of mining activities on the water quality of Batang Limun River, and the changes of physical and chemical properties of water. The method used are grab and stream samples to sediment analyzed in the laboratory. A number of samples were taken at several locations based Flow Gold Mining Sub-watershed and compared to some other samples taken at the location that has not been contaminated by mining activities. Water quality analysis referring to SMEWW, 22nd edition 2012 and refers to Regulation No 82 that issued by Minister of Health No. 492 / Menkes / Per / IV / 2010.The results showed that the Limun river has undergone chemical changes in physical characteristics. These symptoms can be seen from the discoloration of clear water in the river before the mine becomes brownish after mining, based on graphic of muddiness concentration: pH, TSS, TDS Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Hg have seen that the illegal miner which used amalgamation caused deterioration in water quality, data from 2009 to 2015 Limun river and surrounding areas continue to experience a decrease in water quality. The decreasing of water quality showed in the TSS parameter which found in the area is to high based on the standard of water quality class II pp number 82 of 2010. An increase in the value of average concentrations of mercury in the Batang Limun river before mine 0,18ppb (0.00018 mg / l) into 0,3ppb (0.0003 mg / l) on the river after the mine. The increase was affected by the mining activities and the value is still below the air quality standard Grade II pp numbers 82 years 2010, although the value is still below with the standards quality standard, the mercury levels in water should still be a major concern because if it accumulates continuously in the water levels will increase and will be bad for health. In contrast to the concentration of mercury in sediments that have a higher value is 153 ppb (0,513ppm ) .Key Words : Water Quality, Limun River, Mercury, Illegal gold mining

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Response of Water Quality to Landscape Patterns in an Urbanized Watershed in Hangzhou, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12145500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 5500 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Song ◽

Xiaodong Song ◽

Guofan Shao

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Stream Water ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Landscape Patterns ◽

Quality Data ◽

Stream Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

Algae Biomass

Intense human activities and drastic land use changes in rapidly urbanized areas may cause serious water quality degradation. In this study, we explored the effects of land use on water quality from a landscape perspective. We took a rapidly urbanized area in Hangzhou City, China, as a case study, and collected stream water quality data and algae biomass in a field campaign. The results showed that built-up lands had negative effects on water quality and were the primary cause of stream water pollution. The concentration of total phosphorus significantly correlated with the areas of residential, industrial, road, and urban greenspace, and the concentration of chlorophyll a also significantly correlated with the areas of these land uses, except residential land. At a landscape level, the correlation analysis showed that the landscape indices, e.g., dominance, shape complexity, fragmentation, aggregation, and diversity, all had significant correlations with water quality parameters. From the perspective of land use, the redundancy analysis results showed that the percentages of variation in water quality explained by the built-up, forest and wetland, cropland, and bareland decreased in turn. The spatial composition of the built-up lands was the main factor causing stream water pollution, while the shape complexities of the forest and wetland patches were negatively correlated with stream water pollution.

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Effect of Forest Cover on Water Treatment Costs

Water Economics and Policy ◽

10.1142/s2382624x17500060 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 1750006 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Travis Warziniack ◽

Chi Ho Sham ◽

Robert Morgan ◽

Yasha Feferholtz

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Forest Cover ◽

The United States ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Treatment Costs ◽

Quality Data ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

The Impact

This paper studies the relationship between forest cover and drinking water chemical treatment costs using land use data and a survey by the American Water Works Association (AWWA). The survey gathers cost and water quality data from 37 treatment plants in forested ecoregions of the United States. We model the effect of forest conversion on the cost of water treatment using a two-step process. First, we examine the effect of changes in land use on water quality through an ecological production function. Second, we examine the effect of changes in water quality on cost of treatment through an economic benefits function. We find a negative relationship between forest cover and turbidity, but no relationship between forest cover and total organic carbon (TOC). Increasing forest cover in a watershed by 1% reduces turbidity by 3%, and increasing development by 1% in a watershed increases turbidity by 3%. The impact of development is more consistent across models than the impact of forest cover. We also find a large impact on turbidity from grazing in the watershed. Our economic benefits function shows a 1% increase in turbidity increases water treatment costs by 0.19%, and 1% increase in TOC increases water treatment costs by 0.46%. TOC has a clearer impact on costs than turbidity, which becomes insignificant when we omit one of our observations with high turbidity.

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Determination of the Connectedness of Land Use, Land Cover Change to Water Quality Status of a Shallow Lake: A Case of Lake Kyoga Basin, Uganda

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14010372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 372

Author(s):

John Peter Obubu ◽

Seyoum Mengistou ◽

Robinson Odong ◽

Tadesse Fetahi ◽

Tena Alamirew

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Land Cover Change ◽

Quality Data ◽

Land Cover Changes ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Statistical Tool ◽

Water Quality Data

Catchments for aquatic ecosystems connect to the water quality of those waterbodies. Land use land cover change activities in the catchments, therefore, play a significant role in determining the water quality of the waterbodies. Research on the relationship between land use and land cover changes and water quality has gained global prominence. Therefore, this study aimed at determining land use, land cover changes in the catchments of L. Kyoga basin, and assessing their connectedness to the lake’s water quality. The GIS software was used to determine eight major land use and land cover changes for 2000, 2010, and 2020. Meanwhile, water quality data was obtained through both secondary and primary sources. Spearman correlation statistical tool in SPSS was used to correlate the land use, land cover changes, and water quality changes over the two-decade study period. The results showed that different land use and land cover activities strongly correlated with particular water quality parameters. For example, agriculture correlated strongly with nutrients like TP, TN, and nitrates and turbidity, TSS, BOD, and temp. The correlation with nitrates was statistically significant at 0.01 confidence limit. The findings of this study agreed with what other authors had found in different parts of the world. The results show that to manage the water quality of L. Kyoga, management of land use, land cover activities in the catchment should be prioritized. Therefore, the results are helpful to decision and policy makers and relevant stakeholders responsible for water management.

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The Linkage between Urban Built-up and Surface Water Quality: Inferences from the Parts of Karamana River Basin, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-990203/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed-Aslam Mohammad AbdulKhader ◽

Reshma Sisupalan Rema

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Urban Area ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Quality Data ◽

Upstream Region ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Monsoon Period ◽

Water Quality Data

Abstract The linkage between the land use/land cover (LULC) pattern and water quality is an emerging topic in multidisciplinary research. The LULC changes affect water quality in many ways. Change in the land use/land cover, especially urbanization leads to water quality deterioration. This study mainly focuses on the water quality in parts of the river Karamana, which flows through the Thiruvananthapuram urban area. The water quality parameters of six selected sites within the urban area were obtained. Physico-chemical and biological parameters of water quality were analysed for 2019 (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon). The water quality data obtained during the present study were used to characterize the built-up and other areas. Results have shown a distinct variation of parameters in the upstream region (less built-up) than that of the urban area (more built-up). The results have clearly demonstrated the indication of the effect of urbanization on water resources. The speedy development of urban built-up in Thiruvananthapuram city causing severe issues to the water regime in terms of its quality. The data shows that the water quality is poor in the pre-monsoon period in most of the areas. Though the worsening of water quality is limited to a few localized zones, the trend of the quality change is serious. It needs the attention and proper consideration of policy planners and decision-makers. Adequate effluent treatment facilities in the urban regions is the need of the hour to minimize pollution.

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A national approach to risk assessment for drinking water catchments in Australia

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2005.0029 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 123-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Miller ◽

B. Whitehill ◽

D. Deere

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Land Use ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Supply System ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Water Utilities ◽

Quality Data ◽

Water Quality Data

This paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of different methodologies for risk assessment, appropriate for utilisation by Australian Water Utilities in risk assessment for drinking water source protection areas. It is intended that a suggested methodology be recommended as a national approach to catchment risk assessment. Catchment risk management is a process for setting priorities for protecting drinking water quality in source water areas. It is structured through a series of steps for identifying water quality hazards, assessing the threat posed, and prioritizing actions to address the threat. Water management organisations around Australia are at various stages of developing programs for catchment risk management. While much conceptual work has been done on the individual components of catchment risk management, work on these components has not previously been combined to form a management tool for source water protection. A key driver for this project has been the requirements of the National Health and Medical Research Council Framework for the Management of Drinking Water Quality (DWQMF) included in the draft 2002 Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG). The Framework outlines a quality management system of steps for the Australian water industry to follow with checks and balances to ensure water quality is protected from catchment to tap. Key steps in the Framework that relate to this project are as follows: Element 2 Assessment of the Drinking Water Supply System• Water Supply System analysis• Review of Water Quality Data• Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Element 3 Preventive Measures for Drinking Water Quality Management• Preventive Measures and Multiple Barriers• Critical Control Points This paper provides an evaluation of the following risk assessment techniques: Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP); World Health Organisation Water Safety Plans; Australian Standard AS 4360; and The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines – Drinking Water Quality Management Framework. These methods were selected for assessment in this report as they provided coverage of the different approaches being used across Australia by water utilities of varying: scale of water management organisation; types of water supply system management; and land use and activity-based risks in the catchment area of the source. Initially, different risk assessment methodologies were identified and reviewed. Then examples of applications of those methods were assessed, based on several key water utilities across Australia and overseas. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach were identified. In general there seems some general grouping of types of approaches into those that: cover the full catchment-to-tap drinking water system; cover just the catchment area of the source and do not recognise downstream barriers or processes; use water quality data or land use risks as a key driving component; and are based primarily on the hazard whilst others are based on a hazardous event. It is considered that an initial process of screening water quality data is very valuable in determining key water quality issues and guiding the risk assessment, and to the overall understanding of the catchment and water source area, allowing consistency with the intentions behind the ADWG DWQM Framework. As such, it is suggested that the recommended national risk assessment approach has two key introductory steps: initial screening of key issues via water quality data, and land use or activity scenario and event-based HACCP-style risk assessment. In addition, the importance of recognising the roles that uncertainty and bias plays in risk assessments was highlighted. As such it was deemed necessary to develop and integrate uncertainty guidelines for information used in the risk assessment process. A hybrid risk assessment methodology was developed, based on the HACCP approach, but with some key additions and modifications to make it applicable to varying catchment risks, water supply operation needs and environmental management processes.

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The impact of conifer harvesting on stream water quality: the Afon Hafren, mid-Wales

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-8-503-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 503-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

C. Neal ◽

B. Reynolds ◽

M. Neal ◽

H. Wickham ◽

L. Hill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Stream Water ◽

Strong Support ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Data ◽

Stream Water Quality ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Water Quality Data ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Results for long term water quality monitoring are described for the headwaters of the principal headwater stream of the River Severn, the Afon Hafren. The results are linked to within-catchment information to describe the influence of conifer harvesting on stream and shallow groundwater quality. A 19-year record of water quality data for the Hafren (a partially spruce forested catchment with podzolic soil) shows the classic patterns of hydrochemical change in relation to concentration and flow responses for upland forested systems. Progressive felling of almost two-thirds of the forest over the period of study resulted in little impact from harvesting and replanting in relation to stream water quality. However, at the local scale, a six years’ study of felling indicated significant release of nitrate into both surface and groundwater; this persisted for two or three years before declining. The study has shown two important features. Firstly, phased felling has led to minimal impacts on stream water. This contrasts with the results of an experimental clear fell for the adjacent catchment of the Afon Hore where a distinct water quality deterioration was observed for a few years. Secondly, there are localised zones with varying hydrology that link to groundwater sources with fracture flow properties. This variability makes extrapolation to the catchment scale difficult without very extensive monitoring. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to strong support for the use of phased felling-based management of catchments and the complexities of within catchment processes. Keywords: deforestation, water quality, acidification, pH, nitrate, alkalinity, ANC, aluminium, dissolved organic carbon, Plynlimon, forest, spruce, Afon Hafren, podzol

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Determination of load capacity of BOD pollutant in Cisadane River with Qual2kw model & its effect on DO parameters

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/894/1/012014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 894 (1) ◽

pp. 012014

Author(s):

I Rahmandani ◽

D Hendrawan ◽

W Astono

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Load Capacity ◽

Good Condition ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Water Quality Analysis ◽

Pollutant Load ◽

Agriculture Industry ◽

Pollutant Sources

Abstract The research to determine the carrying capacity of pollutant loads in the middle to downstream Cisadane River segment started from Jl. Teuku Umar, Tangerang and ends at Muara Tanjung Burung, Tangerang Regency with a research time starting from March – June 2021. Increased land-use change due to human and industrial activities so that population growth and limited residential land make watersheds a target for land conversion. The purpose of this study is to identify sources of pollutants that have the potential to contaminate the Cisadane River in the middle to downstream segments, analyze water quality and pollutant load capacity, the Cisadane River in the middle to downstream segments along 34 km. The method used for identification of pollutant sources is carried out by conducting field surveys, water quality analysis is carried out by SNI and compared with quality standards according to Peraturan Pemerintah No. 22 of 2021, as well as analysis of the Pollutant Load Capacity (PLC) BOD and DO using the QUAL2Kw model. The results of identifying potential pollutant sources in the middle to a downstream segment of the Cisadane River are dominated by settlements, agriculture, industry, and other domestic activities, namely restaurants and stalls. The results of water quality analysis for BOD parameters ranged from 2.51 mg/L - 5.1 mg/L, and DO range from 5.4 mg/L – 7,2 mg/L. BOD parameters from all points 1-2 meet the quality standard class 2 (3 mg/L) & points 4-6 do not meet the quality standard. The DO parameter is still in good condition because the more significant the DO value, the waters are in good condition. The high levels of BOD in the Cisadane River are influenced by domestic waste that enters the river, and the land is dominated by built-up spaces as settlements, schools, hotels and malls. Land use around the river is very influential on the load of pollutants that enter the river. The lowest DTBP of the Cisadane River for BOD is 22497,9 kg/day, and the highest is 33201,6 kg/day. The decrease in the concentration of BOD load must be lowered in the Cisadane River by 29% - 42%.

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Combined impact of Climate change and Land use on water quality in the mid-21st century: A modelling study for a highly industrialized stretch of Ganga River

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-795 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sneha Santy ◽

Pradeep Mujumdar ◽

Govindasamy Bala

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

General Circulation ◽

General Circulation Models ◽

Ganga River ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Future Climate Change ◽

Land Use Land Cover

<p>High industrial discharge, excessive agricultural activities, untreated sewage disposal make the Kanpur region one of the most contaminated stretches of the Ganga river. This study analyses water quality for the combined future climate change and land use land cover scenarios for mid-century for a 238km long Kanpur stretch of Ganga river. Climate change projections from 21 General Circulation Models for the scenarios of RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are considered and Land use Land Cover (LULC) projections are made with QGIS software. Streamflow and water temperature are modelled using the HEC-HMS model and a Water-Air temperature regression model, respectively. Water quality analysis is simulated using the QUAL2K model in terms of nine water quality parameters, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, inorganic phosphorus, total phosphorus and faecal coliform. Climate change impact alone is projected to result in degraded water quality in the future. Combined climate change and LULC change may further degrade water quality, especially at the study area's critical locations. Our study will provide guidance to policymakers to safeguard the Ganga river from further pollution.</p>

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Effect of Land Use Changes on Water Quality in an Ephemeral Coastal Plain: Khambhat City, Gujarat, India

Water ◽

10.3390/w11040724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 724 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pankaj Kumar ◽

Rajarshi Dasgupta ◽

Brian Johnson ◽

Chitresh Saraswat ◽

Mrittika Basu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Barren Land ◽

Bare Land ◽

The Impact ◽

Use Categories

Rapid changes in land use and land cover pattern have exerted an irreversible change on different natural resources, and water resources in particular, throughout the world. Khambhat City, located in the Western coastal plain of India, is witnessing a rapid expansion of human settlements, as well as agricultural and industrial activities. This development has led to a massive increase in groundwater use (the only source of potable water in the area), brought about significant changes to land management practices (e.g., increased fertilizer use), and resulted in much greater amounts of household and industrial waste. To better understand the impacts of this development on the local groundwater, this study investigated the relationship between groundwater quality change and land use change over the 2001–2011 period; a time during which rapid development occurred. Water quality measurements from 66 groundwater sampling wells were analyzed for the years 2001 and 2011, and two water quality indicators (NO3− and Cl− concentration) were mapped and correlated against the changes in land use. Our results indicated that the groundwater quality has deteriorated, with both nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) levels being elevated significantly. Contour maps of NO3− and Cl− were compared with the land use maps for 2001 and 2011, respectively, to identify the impact of land use changes on water quality. Zonal statistics suggested that conversion from barren land to agricultural land had the most significant negative impact on water quality, demonstrating a positive correlation with accelerated levels of both NO3− and Cl−. The amount of influence of the different land use categories on NO3− increase was, in order, agriculture > bare land > lake > marshland > built-up > river. Whereas, for higher concentration of Cl− in the groundwater, the order of influence of the different land use categories was marshland > built-up > agriculture > bare land > lake > river. This study will help policy planners and decision makers to understand the trend of groundwater development and hence to take timely mitigation measures for its sustainable management.

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