Using Arithmetic Weighted and Bhargava Methods to Classify Irrigation Water Quality Index for Shatt-Al Kufa in Najaf Province, Iraq

WQI is a mathematical method used to convert the bulk of the information into a single number to express the data in a simplified and explicable form. This study is concerned with evaluating an applicable WQI for irrigation use at several locations on Shatt Al-Kufa. The ten water quality parameters of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (T.H), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chlorides (Cl-1) and Sulphate (SO4)-2 were studied over a period of twelve months (January to December 2017) for six selected locations, including Zerkh, Kufa, Manathira, Hira, Mashkhaband Qadisiya on Shatt Al-Kufa, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) was also calculated. Two methods (Weighted Arithmetic and Bhargava) were applied to categorize the WQI of the raw river water for irrigation use, and then a comparison of the two methods was made to determine the difference between them. The Results of the overall, annual and seasonal WQI values according to both Weighted Arithmetic and Bhargava methods were classified as good in all selected locations with the except of some cases in summer, spring and autumn seasons for Weighted Arithmetic which were classified as excellent (0-25). The difference between the two methods is also presented.

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A Study on Groundwater Quality Based on Major Ion Chemistry of Jharkhand State in India: A Review

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/370425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 962-971

Author(s):

Arun Kumar Pramanik ◽

Sandip Kumar Das ◽

Abhik Chatterjee

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Current Status ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Ion Chemistry ◽

Major Ion Chemistry ◽

Major Ion ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

Groundwater is prime and major source of drinking water in our world. Groundwater in Jharkhand is also used for drinking, domestic, irrigation, mining and industrial etc. purposes. In Jharkhand some population are suffering from scarcity of pure drinking water and some population have partial facility with drinking water as groundwater of many area of Jharkhand are contaminated with fluoride, arsenic, heavy metals and iron etc. dangerous chemicals. This review paper focuses on current status of groundwater and contamination of different water quality parameters based on major ion chemistry in Jharkhand. The discussed water quality parameters in this study are water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, fluoride, arsenic, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate.

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Irrigation groundwater quality based on hydrochemical analysis of Nandgaon block, Nashik district in Maharashtra

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v5i1.7116 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kailash Aher ◽

Sharad Gaikwad

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Shallow Aquifer ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

To identify the sources and quality of groundwater, the water samples were collected from 52 dug wells irrigation water in an area of 1089.82km2 and were analyses for pH, Conductivity, total dissolved solids, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, potassium, total hardness, Alkalinity (CO32−, HCO3−), sulphate, chloride, nitrate and fluoride to understand the (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI, The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley’s ratio (KR), Sodium soluble percent (SSP), Permeability index (PI),Magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR),and CRI (Corrosively ratio index) were calculated from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (88%+12%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. But due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Assessment of irrigation water quality of Bogra District in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5836 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 507-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MS Islam ◽

SZKM Shamsad

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Kelly’S Ratio ◽

Surface And Groundwater

Some important physio-chemical parameters of surface and groundwater of Bogra District were evaluated for the criteria of irrigation water quality. Forty four water samples were collected in the peak dry season (December-April) from different areas of Bogra District. The study revealed that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), total hardness (Ht) and Kelly’s ratio of waters were found within the permissible limits for irrigation purposes. Any initiative for surface and groundwater development for planned irrigation practices is highly encouraged. Key Words: Irrigation water (surface and groundwater); quality; Bogra District. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5836Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 597-608, December 2009

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Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Agricultural Purposes in Tabriz Aquifer, Iran

10.20944/preprints201907.0339.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Esmaeil Asadi ◽

Mohammad Isazadeh ◽

Saeed Samadianfard ◽

Mohammad Firuz Ramli ◽

Amir Mosavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Compatibility Study ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Water Pumping ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

East Azerbaijan

The key goal of the current study was to determine suitable areas of water pumping for drinking and agricultural harvest in Tabriz aquifer, located in East Azerbaijan province, northwest Iran. In the study area, groundwater is the key foundation of water for drinking and farming requirements. Groundwater compatibility study was conducted by analyzing Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Sulfate (SO4), Total hardness (TH), Bicarbonate (HCO3), pH, carbonate (CO3) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) obtained from 39 wells in the period of 2003 to 2014. For this purpose, the Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation water quality (IWQ) index were utilized. The WQI index zoning exposed that the groundwater of the study area for drinking purposes is categorized as excellent, good and poor water. Most drinking water harvested for urban and rural areas are in the class of 'excellent water'. The results revealed that about 37 percent (296 km2) of groundwater has high compatibility, and 63 percent of the study area (495 km2) has average compatibility for agricultural purposes. The trend of IWQ and WQI indexes demonstrates that the groundwater is getting worse over the time.

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Assessment of Water Quality Status of Chandrabhaga River at Rishikesh, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.16.1.17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 163-175

Author(s):

Shail Kulshrestha

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Total Hardness ◽

The Status ◽

River Ganga ◽

Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

In the background of the ambitious ‘National Mission for Clean Ganga’ to clean, conserve and protect the River Ganga in a comprehensive manner, this study was undertaken to evaluate the status of Water Quality of Chandrabhaga river at Rishikesh, district Dehradun, India, between the Dhalwala bridge area and Mayakund area where it merges with the river Ganga, affecting adversely its water quality. The characteristics of Chandrabhaga river water were assessed during July to September 2017 by monitoring the water quality at most garbeged and contaminated five locations by determining physicochemical and biological parameters and metal ions. The observed values of dissolved oxygen (DO) varied from 0.4 to 1.29 mg/L, such a low DO, high biological oxygen demand (BOD, 21 ± 2.64 to 56 ±6.08 mg/L) and much high Coliform (1760 ±13.23 to3180 ±27.61 MPN/ 100 ml) at all the locations reflects the poor water quality of Chandrabhaga River. Recorded values of total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, phosphate, sodium, potassium and calcium exceeded the WHO standards. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the highly positive correlations all the time between EC and TDS, TH and TDS, TH and EC, while during high flow period good correlations were recorded between alkalinity and pH, TDS, EC and TH. Irrigation water quality parameters such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) and Kelly’s Ratio was evaluated to test the suitability of river water for irrigation purpose.

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Evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation in the Lambussie-Karni District of Ghana

Ghana Mining Journal ◽

10.4314/gm.v18i1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

Asare Asante-Annor ◽

P. N. Bewil ◽

D. Boateng

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Permeability Index ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Low Sodium ◽

Groundwater Suitability ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

The populace of the Lambussie-Karni District are mainly farmers who have resorted to the use of groundwater for irrigation during the dry season because of long drought and inadequate surface water bodies. The temporal variation of the groundwater quality for irrigation in the District was assessed using sixteen boreholes. Richard Plot indicates that groundwater in the study area is within the low salinity to low sodium hazard and medium salinity to low sodium hazard class. Wilcox Plot shows groundwater to be within excellent to good class in the catchment. Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) map was also developed to determine precisely the degree and areal extent of groundwater suitability for irrigation. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to generate thematic maps for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), sodium percentage (Na %), HCO3-, pH and electrical conductivity. The results were compared to Food and Agricultural Organisations (FAO) standard guidelines. An IQWI map for the Lambussie- Karni District shows that groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation, about 24.57 % of the district will require crops which can tolerate high amount of salts. A percentage (39.82 %) of the catchment has groundwater, which is highly suitable for crops which are least resistant to salt. Keywords: Groundwater Suitability; Irrigation Water Quality; SAR; IWQI Map; Lambussie-Karni District

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Water Quality Evaluation in Term of WQI River Tungabhadra, Karnataka, India.

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.i1051.0789s219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9S2) ◽

pp. 247-253

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Stream Water ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Agricultural Runoff ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Total Alkalinity ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Weighted Arithmetic

The study reports the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WQIa) value obtained for River Tungabhadra, a major tributary of Krishna River basin. A WQIa delivers a unique rating that gives whole water quality at a specific stretch and period depending upon some water quality constraints. The principle point of a WQIa is to give complex water quality insights into data that is clear and useable by the community. Some of most critical water quality parameters such as pH, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and electrical conductivity (EC) were Used for evaluating the WQIa. The WQIa esteems for the Tungabhadra River oscillate from 40 to 156. The estimations of WQIa exhibited that the stream water was free of any impurities at the examining sites aside from 2-3 months where its qualities were under good condtion. On every occasion there are anthropogenic influence viz industrial effluent, agricultural runoff and domestic sewage which is directly discharge into stream water gets contaminated to some level and hence of WQI declines. It is opinioned that WQIa can be used as a device in relating the water-quality of different sources. It delivers the community a over-all awareness of the thinkable glitches with water in a specific stretch. The WQI are among the best approaches to convey the data on water-quality pattern to the public community or to the water quality policy-makers and which is help full to drive suitable mitigative measure.

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Groundwater Quality Assessment for Drinking and Agricultural Purposes in Tabriz Aquifer, Iran

10.20944/preprints201907.0339.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Esmaeil Asadi ◽

Mohammad Isazadeh ◽

Saeed Samadianfard ◽

Mohammad Firuz Ramli ◽

Amir Mosavi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Compatibility Study ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Water Pumping ◽

Drinking Purposes ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

East Azerbaijan

The key goal of the current study was to determine suitable areas of water pumping for drinking and agricultural harvest in Tabriz aquifer, locateed in East Azerbaijan province, northwest Iran. In the study area, groundwater is the key foundation of water for drinking and farming requirements. Groundwater compatibility study was conducted by analysing Electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Chloride (Cl), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Sulfate (SO4), Total hardness (TH), Bicarbonate (HCO3), pH, carbonate (CO3) and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) obtained from 39 wells in the period of 2003 to 2014. For this purpose, the Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation water quality (IWQ) index is respectively utilized. The WQI index zoning exposed that the groundwater of the study area for drinking purposes is categorized as excellent, good and poor water. Most drinking water harvested for urban and rural areas are in the class of "excellent water". IWQ index average for the study area was in the range of 25.9 to 34.55. The results revealed that about 37 percent (296 km2) of groundwater has high compatibility, and 63 percent of the study area (495 km2) has average compatibility for agricultural purposes. The trend of IWQ and WQI indexes demonstrates that the groundwater is getting worse over the time.

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Quality Assessment of Groundwater of Barind Area, Bangladesh using Integrated Hydrochemical Method

Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajaar/2021/v16i430181 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 18-27

Author(s):

M. H. Ali ◽

M. H. Zaman ◽

M. A. Islam ◽

P. Biswas ◽

N. N. Karim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Samples ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Standards ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Almost All

The study was conducted for assessing water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes of groundwater sources. Total 50 water samples were collected from different locations of Nachol and Niamatpurupazilla of Chapainawabgonj and Naogaon district in January 2019 and January 2020. Water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (Ec), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), sodium (Na), potassium (K), total hardness (TH), alkalinity, sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), ammonia (NH4), phosphate (PO4), chloride (Cl), dissolved oxygen (DO), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were analyzed in the laboratory. All the analyzed parameters were compared with national and international drinking and irrigation water quality standards to understand the overall groundwater quality status of the study area. The study showed that the water samples of almost all the locations were suitable for consumption and irrigation.

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Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v3i2.4949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashi Kant ◽

Y.V. Singh ◽

Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽

R. Meena ◽

S.N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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