scholarly journals Radiological risk assessment of some consumed cigarettes and hookah in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Sahar Amin ◽  
Azhar Haleem ◽  
Ola Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The People

The main purposes of the research are to assess the radiological risk due to smoking cigarettes and hookah and their impacts on the people health. Radon levels were measured in 28 consumed brands of cigarettes and 10 brands of hookah consumed Iraq using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs). The results showed that the 222Rn concentration in cigarette tobacco samples ranged from 138.9 to 781.2 Bqm-3 with average value of 318.0 Bqm-3. The radon concentrations emerged from 11brands of the investigated samples was significantly higher than the recommended value. While, its concentration in hookah ranged from 633.6 Bqm-3 to 416.6 Bqm-3 with average value of 509.5 Bqm-3. The Potential Alpha Energy Concentration (PAEC) in terms of (WL) units, Exposure to radon progeny (EP), and the annual effective dose (AED) in terms of (mSv/y) units were also obtained. Lung cancer cases per year per million people (CPPP) are also evaluated with an average value of 144.4 per million people. The result indicates that the average values of PAEC, EP and AED were within the recommended range values given by UNSCEAR, NCRP and ICRP respectively. The radioactive impact of smoking is considered as a risk factor for lung cancer.

scholarly journals Measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations using twin cup dosimeter for indoor Al-Madaan city – Baghdad – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafik S. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations

In this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoronand their progeny have been measured in air for 61 differentlocations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have beenestimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The resultsshow that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districtsvaried from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found tovary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average value3.354mSv/y, and 852 to 2951 with an overall average value 2013,respectively. For thoron gas only, the results showed that the thoronactivity concentration varied from 15.05 to 172.40 Bq/m3 with anoverall average 76.48 Bq/m3, and 0.021to 0.240for WLM with anoverall average 0.106, respectively. The values of Eff and ELC havebeen found to vary from 0.256 to 2.94 mSv/y with an overallaverage1.30 mSv/y and from 57 to 652 with an overall average of298, respectively. The concentration of radon progeny varied from59.44 to 301.39 Bq/m3 with an overall average 157.62 Bq/m3. Theresults illustrated that there is a large variation in the values of themeasured concentrations. This is due to the wide variation in theconstruction of the houses in Al-Madaan city. However, allinvestigated locations have radon concentration below the actionlevel (200-300Bq/m3) that recommended byICRP. Therefore, there isno health hazard of radon in the region of Al-Madaan city wheremeasurements have been performed.

Radiological Risk Assessment of Radon Gas in Bricks Samples in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abid Abojassim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
United Nations Scientific Committee ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Radon Gas

Abstract In this research , radon concentrations (222Rn) in brick samples that are available in Iraqi markets were measured using solid state nuclear track (CR-39). Also, uranium-238 (238U), radium-226 (226Ra) were calculated in all samples under study together with some radiation parameters such as exhalation of radon gas rate (FO), annual effective dose (DRn ) and Excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). It was found that, the average value of 222Rn, 238U and 226Ra concentrations in studied samples were 48.75± 10.61Bq/m3, 0.084± 0.02 ppm and 115.57± 29.60 mBq/kg respectively. Also, it was found that the average of each of FO, DRn and ELCR were 27.54± 5.99 µBq.m-2.h-1, 0.88± 0.17 nSvy-1, and (3.01± 0.65)×10-3, respectively. After data analysis, the resulted data were examined and compared with the global average and the permissible limits which recommended by the international scientific agencies such as International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP 2010), United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR 2017), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD2009). It was found that radiation levels from brick samples used in local markets for most models fell within the permissible limits and may not cause any danger to human beings.

PRELIMINARY LUNG CANCER RISK ASSESSMENT OF EXPOSURE TO RADON PROGENY FOR TRANSYLVANIA, ROMANIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia-Adina Truta-Popa ◽  
Alexandra Dinu ◽  
Tiberius Dicu ◽  
Kinga Szacsvai ◽  
Constantin Cosma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Radon Progeny

scholarly journals Estimating excess of lung risk factor of radon gas for some houses in Al-Fallujah city

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asia H. Al-Mashhadani
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
General Public ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Cylindrical System ◽  
Mixed Field

Instruments for the measurements of radon, thoron and its decayproducts in air are based mostly on the detection of alpha particles.The health hazards of radon on general public are well known. Inorder to understand the level and distribution of 222Rn concentrationsindoor in Al-Fallujah City; new technique was used, this techniquewas three radon–thoron mixed field dosimeters is made up of a twinchamber cylindrical system and three LR-115 type II detectors wereemployed. The aim of this work was to measurement radon gas usingSSNTD technique door in in Al-Fallujah City, and estimation ofexcess in cancer due to increment in radon gas. Results for sampleswhich are collected from January to April 2013 show that the 222Rnconcentration varies from 52.33 to 108.70 Bq.m-3 with an average of84.64 Bq.m-3, according to EPA and ICRP, the average indoor radonlevel should be 148 Bq/m3 and 300 Bq/m3, respectively, whereasapproximately 15 Bq/m3 (ranging from 1 Bq/m3 to 100 Bq/m3 ofradon concentration is normally found in outside air. Also the valuesof annual effective dose and excess lung cancer per million peopleper year (ELC) have also been calculated and found to vary from0.941 to 2.350 mSv.y-1 with an overall average of 1.581 mSv.y-1 and,565 to 1410 with an overall average 948, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurements of Radon Concentrations and Dose Assessments in Physics Department-Science College-Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Tarik Al-Alawy ◽  
Haider Rayed Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Physics Department

Measurements of radon gas concentrations with their progeny and the annual effective dose indoor the building of Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Science-Physics Department have been carried out by using time-integrated passive radon dosimeters solid state nuclear track detector CR-39 technique. The detectors with 1cm x1cm have been distributed over 70 places and suspended for sitting (1m) and standing (1.75m) positions in each location under study. The dosimetric measurements are made over a period of 90 days from 30 January 2014 to 30 April 2014. The calibration process has been done using radium-226 source with known activity radiation. It has found that the indoor radon gas concentrations varing from 37.488±6.123Bg/m3 to 58.670±7.660Bg/m3 with an average value 51.398±7.156Bg/m3 at 1m , and varing from 35.964±5.997Bg/m3 to 56.994±7.549Bg/m3 with an average value 47.057±6.847Bg/m3 at 1.75m which are within the worldwide limits 148Bg/m3 (EPA, 2003) and 200-300Bg/m3 (ICRP, 2009). The annual effective dose of the inhalation exposure to radon gas has been estimated and this vary from 0.394mSv/y to 0.617mSv/y with an average value 0.540mSv/y at 1m, and varing from 0.378mSv/y to 0.599mSv/y with an average value 0.495mSv/y at 1.75m which are within the worldwide permissible limist 3-10mSv/y (ICRP, 1993). The potential alpha energy concentration found to vary from 4.053mWL to 6.343mWL with an average value 5.557mWL at 1m and vary from 3.888mWL to 6.162mWL with an average value 5.087mWL at 1.75m which are less than the recommended value 53.33mWL (UNSCEAR, 1993). The lung cancer cases per million person per year vary from 7.093 to 11.101 per million person per year with an average value 9.725 per million person per year at 1m and vary from 6.805 to 10.784 per million person per year with an average value 8.904 per million person per year which are less than the recommended range 170-230 per million person per year (ICRP, 1993). The number of decays per-minute using swabs measurements technique have been used for selected units within two swabs from building materials walls for each unite, with area of 100cm2 using Ludlum 3030, the average of three swabs measurements have been calculated. Hence, the effectiveness of emitted alpha particles from the walls has been calculated to be varied from 0.00000 to 0.02222Bq/cm2 with an average value 0.01169Bq/cm2 at 1m and 0.01015Bq/cm2 at 1.75m respectevily which are within the permissible limit 0.04Bq/cm2 (Danial, 2010).

scholarly journals Indoor risk assessment of radon gas in the science college buildings-University of Mustansiriyah using RAD-7 detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Ali A. Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Science College ◽  
The University ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recommended Action

In the present work, a set of indoor Radon concentration measurements was carried out in a number of rooms and buildings of Science College in the University of Mustansiriyah for the first time in Iraq using RAD-7 detector which is an active method for short time measuring compared with the passive method in solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD's). The results show that, the Radon concentrations values vary from 9.85±1.7 Bq.m-3 to 94.21±34.7 Bq.m-3 with an average value 53.64±26 Bq.m-3 which is lower than the recommended action level 200-300 Bq/m3 [ICRP, 2009].The values of the annual effective dose (A.E.D) vary from 0.25 mSv/y to 2.38 mSv/y, with an average value 1.46±0.67 mSv/y which is lower than the recommended the range 3-10 mSv/y [ICRP, 1993]. While the values of lung cancer cases per year per million person vary from 4.50 per million person to 42.84 per million person with an average value 24.35±12 per million person which is lower than the recommended range 170-230 per million person [ICRP, 1993].The values of the potential alpha energy concentration were found to vary from 10.18 mWL to 1.06 mWL, with an average value 5.79±2.8 mWL which is lower than the recommended value of 53.33 mWL given by [UNSCEAR, 1993].

scholarly journals INDOOR RADON-222 CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS AT FACULTY OF EDUCATION, YAFEA, ADEN UNIVERSITY, YEMEN, USING CR-39 NUCLEAR TRACK DETECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Anwar Khadher Mohammed ◽  
Mokhtar Salim Saleh Al_Salimi ◽  
M. I. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Faculty Of Education

In this study, the activity concentration of indoor radon-222, annual effective dose, exhalation rate of radon, and relative risk of lung cancer are reported for different indoor buildings (students' dorms, teachers' dorms, offices, laboratories, library, lecture halls, and materials store) in Faculty of Education, Yafea, Aden University, Yemen. Sealed-can technique based on CR-39 nuclear tracks detector was distributed to radon gas survey. Twenty six radon detectors were mounted in seven buildings. The Radon measurements were performed for 90 days between December 2020 and March 2021. The results showed that the radon concentration ranges from 23,18 Bq m-3 to 66.49 Bq m-3 with an average value 35.86 Bq m-3, the annual effective dose ranges from 0.6 mSv y-1 to 1.639 mSv y-1 with an average value 0.979 mSv y-1, the exhalation rate ranges from 10.03 m Bq m-2 h-1 to 28.50 mBq m-2 h-1 with an average value 15.68 mBq m-2 h-1 and relative risk of lung cancer ranges from 1.02 to 1.06 with an average value 1.03. A strong correlation coefficient has been observed between radon concentration and radon exhalation rate. All of the values revealed in the study were of nominal state (that is less than allowed global values) and thus have no risk for the population living in these buildings.

Economic Value of Pavement for the Elderly: Case Study of Bangkok, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 927-937
Author(s):  
Somskaow Bejranonda ◽  
◽  
Aekkapat Laksanacom ◽  
Waranan Tantiwat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
The People ◽  
The City

Based on the concept of a livable and global age-friendly city, pavements are a public facility that the city should provide to the people. Appropriate pavements will be beneficial for the people, particularly for good quality of life for the elderly to move around in the city. This study explored the behaviour of the elderly in the use of pavements and the problems confronted. The study also evaluated the value of the pavement walking area as it reflected the benefits of pavements to the elderly by applying the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). During March-May 2017, data were collected using interviews with 601 elderly living in Bangkok. The study indicated that the main problem for senior citizens regarding their use of pavements was from being disturbed by motorbikes riding on the pavements. The average value of pavement for the elderly was about THB 160 (USD 5.30) per person per year. Thus, the benefits of pavements to the elderly in Bangkok was approximately THB 158 million (USD 5.2 million) per year. Thus, policy makers should make proper budget allocations for elderly-friendly pavement management and seriously address the problems confronting the elderly in using pavements, to maximize the usefulness of pavements not only for the elderly but also for the public and to support a sustainable urban development.

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