scholarly journals SEJARAH BALAGAH: ANTARA MA’RIFAH DAN SINĀ’AH

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ibnu Samsul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Objective Standard ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
History Of

When the literary world enters the realm of scientific study, the arbitrariness and the infinity of expression, which is the main characteristic of literary work, should be evaluated based on an objective standard of science. Balagah, a literary theory born and developed in Arab, has also undergone a process of standardization of concepts and theories as other sciences. This paper describes the history of balagah from embryonic phase until it has been structured to be a science with a set of scientific theories. A historical approach is expected to be able to reveal historical facts related to the codification of balagah since the beginning of its existence until its latest development. The systematization and theorization of balagah had been done since there was a trend of translations of Greek philosophy into Arabic. The demand of scientific knowledge in Greek tradition greatly endorsed the theorizing of balagah. Standardization of the theory of balagah positively facilitates learners to understand the science of balagah and  to have scientific accountability. However, the systematization of balagah has led this study to a static condition. In addition, the orientation of balagah is more in linguistic (syntax) area.Simak

Representasi Tokoh Cakraningrat dalam Sajarah Proza Begin Brawijaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Novarina Novarina ◽  
Mamlahatun Buduroh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Study ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Content Structure ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Historical Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Figure ◽  
Theory Framework

This paper is the result of a study of the Nusantara manuscripts using the historical text sources of Madura. The object of this research is the transliteration of a manuscript from the collection of the Central Library of Indonesia entitled Sajarah Proza Begin Brawijaya (SPBB) code SJ.230 Novarina edition (2020). In examining the manuscript, the philological method and literary theory framework were used. From the field of literature, Jan van Luxemburg's structural theory, Julia Kristeva's intertextuality, and Teeuw's concept of literary representation are used. From the structural study, it can be seen that the SPBB text framework is composed of literary structures and content structures (history), which as a whole serve to legitimize the power of the 17-18 century Madurese king. Meanwhile, the results of the intertextual analysis showed that the elements built into the content structure (history) of the SPBB text were connected with M.C. Ricklefs and H.J. De Graaf in representing Cakraningrat as the main figure in the history of Java, Madura, and VOC based on the author's life view to raise one of the values of the Javanese philosophy of life in this text. This linkage results in the conclusion that as a traditional Javanese historical literary work, the SPBB text is representative of its creator's culture, one of which is as a representation of the philosophy of mikul dhuwur mendhem jero in the Javanese view of life.

knowledge, theories of

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bett
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Greek Philosophy

Questions about the nature and possibility of knowledge extend throughout Greek philosophy. In the early period, several thinkers raised doubts about our ability to know the truth of the proto-scientific theories they themselves were developing. Plato depicted Socrates as disclaiming knowledge about anything important but searching for fundamental ethical truths. He (Plato) also introduced the idea of unchanging Forms, a grasp of which is crucial for knowledge; in one dialogue, he examined a number of proposed definitions of knowledge itself. Aristotle developed an ideal of scientific knowledge centered on demonstrations of why the objects under examination must have certain features, the starting points of which are an understanding of the essences of the things in question. The Stoics and the Epicureans both offered robustly positive accounts of how knowledge is possible, and they were challenged on this by sceptics of both the Academic and Pyrrhonian traditions.

scholarly journals Play, liminality and Iiterary discourse

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-192
Author(s):  
Mihai I. Spariosu
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fictional Worlds ◽  
No Man's Land

This study redefines literature as a liminal phenomenon, or as a ludic no man's land that allows access to alternative realities. After sketching a brief history of the notion of liminality in Western literary theory the study reviews current philosophical concepts of actual, possible, and fictional worlds and -proposes an alternative way of considering literary productions in terms of liminal worlds. The liminal nature of a literary work enables it to propose new sets of values that are incommensurable with those of the community from which it arises and to which it is addressed; in turn, upon receiving the literary work, the community might respond by adopting and even actualizing so me of these sets of values.

scholarly journals Dennett and Scientific Realism: Pessimistic Meta-Induction and the Argument from Error

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
N. V. Golovko
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Skeptical Argument ◽  
The Real ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of

The paper aims to show that the interpretation of D. Dennett’s concept of real patterns as a fundamental concept of existence makes it possible to offer a new conception of the development of scientific knowledge containing: (a) L. Laudan’s conclusion that the real history of science contradicts the idea of convergence of scientific theories, and (b) the problem of pessimistic meta-induction will not be decisive in refuting scientific realism for a given historical period of time. Within the framework of the accepted ontology, the problem of pessimistic meta-induction is presented as one of the variants of the skeptical argument – argument from error, and the notion of «projectivity in respect to a given physically possible perspective» (D. Ross) fully reveals the notion of «additional information» that a «new» theory should have over the «old one», in order to refute the skeptic's reasoning.

A New Image for Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
Steven L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Theory Change ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theory Acceptance ◽  
Practice Of Science

Thomas Kuhn subverted the image of science that had become entrenched by the mid-twentieth century, that science was a body of knowledge produced by logical reasoning about objective facts. Kuhn argued that a new approach to the history of science revealed that the process of discovery was integral to the practice of science and that nonlogical factors played a role in theory acceptance and theory change. Insofar as they entered into the reasoning leading to the formulation of a theory, facts were not objective but interpreted consistent with contingent assumptions on which the theory rested. Kuhn himself believed that scientific knowledge was about reality. His theory of how scientific knowledge was produced, however, strongly supported the view that scientific theories were contingent interpretations of experience.

Al-Fārābī's Theory of Prophecy and Divination

1957 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Walzer
Keyword(s):  
Original Text ◽  
De Anima ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Divine Inspiration ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aristotelian Metaphysics

It is the purpose of this paper to draw the attention of classical scholars to an Arabic theory of prophecy and divination which, though known for a long time in the original text and in modern translation, has quite escaped the notice of those interested in the history of late Greek philosophy and its continuation in mediæval Islam. I mean here by prophecy and divination, like the Arabic author I am going to deal with, all kinds of apparently supernatural knowledge, concerned with the realm of the transcendent as well as with particular events in the future and special happenings at the present time. The possessors of this knowledge are characterised as individuals of a peculiar excitability and a range of imagination which exceeds the normal. Attempts at explaining phenomena of this kind in rational terms were not uncommon in Greek philosophy from Plato's days down to late Neoplatonism. I propose to show that the Arabic theory continues these Greek discussions and to suggest that it represents, at the same time, a facet of Greek thought which has not survived in its original context.Al-Fārābῑ (c. A.D. 870–950), a well-known Muslim Neoplatonist and Aristotelian of outstanding importance in the history of Islamic philosophy, deals at some length with prophecy in his work The Views of the People of the Best State. Since, in accordance with the Greek tradition, he connects divination and prophecy with an innate faculty of the soul itself, and does not describe it as a state of possession by supernatural powers, his explanation of these phenomena is linked up with his analysis of man and his Neoplatonic-Aristotelian metaphysics. Prophecy is auxiliary to the rational faculty and as such an indispensable ingredient in man's perfection; divine inspiration (wahy) can be understood as the union of the highest philosophical knowledge with the highest form of prophecy; but the primacy of reason and philosophy is maintained, prophecy being confined to the faculty of imagination, which is given a less humble position than in Aristotle's De anima, but still ranked as inferior to philosophy.

Phenomenolological review v. cierer of reading proceedings in the context of its «litery anthropology»

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
O.D. Lauta ◽  
◽  
S.M. Geiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Aesthetic Object ◽  
Semantic Definition ◽  
Reception Aesthetics

The phenomenological review of V. Izer's reading process in the context of «literary anthropology» is analyzed. The philosopher makes a distinction between interpretation and reception. The first, in his opinion, gives the imagination a «semantic definition», and the second – a sense of aesthetic, object. The first passes within the limits of the «semantic orientations» of the literary theory, and the second – within the limits of the cultural and anthropological context. The article deals with the philosophical analysis of the reception aesthetics. For the supporters of this theoretical direction, there is an inherent shift of attention from the problems of creativity and literary work to the problem of its reception or, in other words, from the level of psychological, sociological or anthropological interpretation of the creative biography, to the level of perceived consciousness. Receptive aesthetics gives the reader privilege in the «text/reader» paradigm and gives him the cognitive and affective ability to create his own text from this text.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document