KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH UTAMA MAT DAWUK DALAM NOVEL DAWUK KISAH KELABU DARI RUMBUK RANDU KARYA MAHFUD IKHWAN [The Personality of Mat Dawuk as Main Figure in the Novel Dawuk Kisah Kelabu dari Rumbuk Randu by Mahfud Ikhwan]

This research uses descriptive qualitative method with reading-note technique as data collection technique. The research data is taken from the narrative of the character Mat Dawuk in the novel Dawuk Kisah Kelabu dari Rumbuk Randu by Mahfud Ikhwan, which is analyzed using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis. The results showed that the personality structure of the Mat Dawuk character was influenced by three personality systems, namely the id, ego, and superego. His preference in Mat Dawuk's id is Mat Dawuk's libido drive towards Inayatun. The ego that appears in Mat tries to realize and fulfill what the id wants, resulting in an attitude of loyalty, protection, until even Mat Dawuk pledges that Inayatun is a power within him - that power disappears after Inayatun dies, which is illustrated through a willing attitude. Mat to be persecuted. The superego, which acts on the principle of morality, is here to help in making decisions about what the id wants, and also helps the ego to control the id that is wanted to be fulfilled. The Mat Dawuk character also has a living instinct that comes from Inayatun. Meanwhile, after Inayatun died, Mat tended to be controlled by a dead instinct which made him helpless, and chose to withdraw from society. Not only that, the character Mat Dawuk is depicted as experiencing anxiety several times, which later will correlate with Mat's personal development in survival, or what is known as a defense mechanism, and Mat Dawuk's tendency to be in aggression and repression mechanisms. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik baca-catat sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya. Data penelitian diambil dari pengisahan tokoh Mat Dawuk dalam novel Dawuk Kisah Kelabu dari Rumbuk Randu karya Mahfud Ikhwan, yang ditelaah menggunakan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur kepribadian tokoh Mat Dawuk dipengaruhi oleh tiga sistem kepribadian yakni id, ego, dan superego. Id dalam diri Mat Dawuk preferensinya adalah dorongan hasrat libido Mat Dawuk terhadap Inayatun. Ego yang muncul pada diri Mat berusaha mewujudkan dan memenuhi apa yang diinginkan oleh id, sehingga timbul sikap kesetiaan, melindungi, hingga bahkan Mat Dawuk mengikrarkan bahwa Inayatun adalah kekuatan di dalam dirinya – kekuatan itu pun hilang, setelah Inayatun meninggal, yang digambarkan melalui sikap rela Mat untuk dipersekusi. Superego yang bertindak berdasarkan prinsip moralitas, hadir untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan apa yang diinginkan oleh id, serta turut membantu ego untuk mengendalikan id yang bersifat ingin dipenuhi. Tokoh Mat Dawuk juga memiliki insting hidup yang berasal dari Inayatun. Setelah Inayatun meninggal, Mat cenderung dikuasai oleh insting mati yang membuatnya tidak berdaya, dan memilih menarik diri dari masyarakat. Tak hanya itu, tokoh Mat Dawuk digambarkan beberapa kali mengalami kecemasan, yang nantinya akan berkorelasi dengan perkembangan kepribadian Mat dalam bertahan hidup, atau disebut sebagai mekanisme pertahanan, dan kecenderungan Mat Dawuk berada pada mekanisme agresi dan represi.

A New Text from Ur III dynasty on Ba’aga, the fattener

This Text is one of the new confiscated texts kept in the Iraq Museum of (IM.235869) its measurement (12,7 x 6 x 2,5 cm.) which contains barley delivery, dated to Ur III dynasty (2012-2004 B.C) and the date formulae on this text belongs the (3th) year of the reign of king Ibbī-Suen (2028-2004 B.C),the main figure mentioned in this text is (Ba´aga fattener) from Iri-sag̃rig,and comparing it with the published cuneiform texts that belong to his archive they are (196) texts including his activities from AS7 to IS3.

PERILAKU ALTRUISTIK TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL BEKISAR MERAH KARYA AHMAD TOHARI (ALTRUISTIC BEHAVIOR OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN NOVEL BEKISAR RED KARYA AHMAD TOHARI)

Altruistic Behavior of the Main Figure in the Novel Bekisar Merah by Ahmad Tohari. The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of the altruistic behavior of the main character in Ahmad Tohari's Bekisar Merah novel. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to describe the altruistic behavior of the main character in the context of social and kinship norms. The analysis used as the basis for this research is literary psychology. This theory focuses on the textual approach, namely the literary psychology approach that addresses the psychological aspects of characters in literary works. This theory is used to analyze and describe the altruistic behavior of the main character in the novel Bekisar Merah. The results of this study indicate that altruistic behavior in the novel Bekisar Merah is represented in the figure of Lasi as the axis of storytelling. This altruistic behavior is evidenced by the actions of the Lasi character in helping other characters in a pure, sincere manner, without expecting anything in return (benefit) for himself. This behavior is manifested in the form of altruistic behavior in the context of social norms and in the context of kinship norms. Altruistic behavior of the main character in the context of social norms found only four aspects of motivation to help, namely: (1) the presence of a model, (2) the presence of other people, (3) helping people they like, and (4) the presence of a mood. The altruistic behavior of the main character in the context of kinship norms is found in three motivations to help, namely (1) aspects of relative protection (kin altruism), (2) biological altruism, and (3) aspects of sexual orientation. Key Words: behavior, altruistic, character, bekisar merahAbstrak Perilaku Altruistik Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Bekisar Merah Karya Ahmad Tohari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku altruistik tokoh utama dalam konteks norma sosial dan kekerabatan. Analisis yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah psikologi sastra. Teori ini menitikberatkan pada pendekatan tekstual, yaitu pendekatan psikologi sastra yang membahas aspek psikologi tokoh dalam karya sastra. Teori ini digunakan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan perilaku altruistik tokoh utama novel Bekisar Merah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku altruistik dalam novel Bekisar Merah terwakilkan dalam sosok Lasi sebagai poros penceritaan. Perilaku altruistik ini dibuktikan melalui tindakan tokoh Lasi dalam menolong tokoh lain secara murni, tulus, tanpa mengharapkan balasan (manfaat) apa pun untuk dirinya. Perilaku tersebut terwujud dalam bentuk perilaku altruistik dalam konteks Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya Vol 11, No 2, Oktober 2021 ISSN 2089-0117 (Print) Page 213 - 223 ISSN 2580-5932 (Online) 214 ǀ Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya norma sosial dan dalam konteks norma kekerabatan. Perilaku altruistik tokoh utama dalam konteks norma sosial hanya ditemukan empat aspek motivasi untuk menolong, yaitu: (1) adanya model, (2) adanya kehadiran orang lain, (3) menolong orang yang disukai, dan (4) adanya suasana hati. Perilaku altruistik tokoh utama dalam konteks norma kekerabatan ditemukan dalam tiga motivasi untuk menolong, yaitu (1) aspek perlindungan kerabat (kin altruism), (2) aspek biologik (biological altruism), dan (3) aspek orientasi seksual. Kata-kata kunci: perilaku, altruistik, tokoh, bekisar merah

New Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from the Upper Lumbrera Formation (Bartonian, middle Eocene), Salta Province, Argentina

We describe isolated remains of a Paleogene cingulate from El Simbolar locality, Upper Lumbrera Formation (Bartonian), southern Salta Province, northwestern Argentina. The material consists of numerous fixed, movable, and caudal sheath osteoderms. The specimen has large-sized osteoderms, with a lageniform main figure, as in Utaetus buccatus, U. laxus, U. argos, ?U. deustus, Punatherium catamarcensis, and the basal euphractin Archaeutatus. The combination of morphological characters, in addition to its large size, allows us to recognize a new species of “Utaetini” for the Paleogene of northwestern Argentina. This new species of ?Utaetus represents the oldest record of Euphractinae in this region, and strengthens the endemic condition of its Paleogene faunas. Keywords: Cingulata, osteoderms, El Simbolar, Paleogene, Salta, Argentina.

Sustainable Consciousness Promoting Dialogue With Alien Others

Today, people live in a culturally diverse world and often face criticisms of their ideas by outsiders who have alien perspectives. Russian literary researcher M. M. Bakhtin valued such criticisms, which may bring forth unprecedented perspectives that bridge gaps between different viewpoints. In this paper, I investigate Bakhtin’s notions concerning ‘laughter’, which describe the mental functions involved in productive dialogue. Greek tragic dramatist Euripides is the main figure of my analysis as an influence on Bakhtin’s notions of the value of laughter and dialogue, although Bakhtin did not employ systemic citations of Euripides’ works. I focus on speaker consciousness, which is described as occurring when negotiating with others who have alien viewpoints in Greek tragedies. I then propose sustainable models of consciousness that may promote communication in current contexts of ideological diversity.

Callia e la confederazione euboica

Callias of Chalcis is the main figure of Euboean history in the mid-fourth century b.C. Aeschines (III 85-105) dedicated a long exursus to him, thanks to it we could understand and analyze the close relationship between Athens and the island, during the reign of Philip II of Macedonia. The complex question of the existence of the Euboean koinon in the fourth century is very interesting, and the debate among scholars is still open. A reconstruction of the events of the life of this character, on which a specific study is still missing, and a review on the controversial question of Euboean koinon are the focus of this paper.

Honorary Decrees from Ephesos for Winning Athletes in Panhellenic Games

A marble block from Ephesos bears the text of three honorary decrees dating back to 300 B.C. ca. According to the inscriptions, the city council granted citizenship and prize money to young athletes who distinguished themselves in prestigious panhellenic games. The main figure in the second inscription, Athenodoros, ἰσοτελής in Ephesos before being granted citizenship, is mentioned in I.Ephesos 2005. On the occasion of this decree, his talent earned him a subvention from the city; a similar grant might have been assigned to another rising athlete, Timonax, referred to in the third inscription.

The Spatiality of Politics: Cesare Battisti's Regional and International Thought, 1900–1916

This article concerns the conceptualization of political spaces in early twentieth-century European political thought. The main figure is the Italian geographer and political thinker Cesare Battisti (1875–1916). Drawing on his geographical knowledge of his native region of Trentino, then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Battisti envisioned an alternative political order in Central Europe. In a series of geographical surveys and political essays, he described his idea of the region as a meaningful political space, that could become an alternative to both empire and nation-state as part of a continental democratic federation. The article argues that through this new spatial conceptualization of region and federation, Battisti sought to reinterpret the political categories of authority and community. The article examines Battisti's ideas in their historical and intellectual context, arguing that he offers original insights on the evolution of European international and regional thought in the twentieth century.

A PX-BAR protein Mvp1/SNX8 and a dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 drive endosomal recycling

SUMMARYMembrane protein recycling systems are essential for maintenance of the endosome-lysosome system. In yeast, retromer and Snx4 coat complexes are recruited to the endosomal surface where they recognize cargos. They sort cargo and deform the membrane into recycling tubules that bud from the endosome and target to the Golgi. Here, we reveal that the SNX-BAR protein, Mvp1, mediates an endosomal recycling pathway which is mechanistically distinct from the retromer and Snx4 pathways. Mvp1 deforms the endosomal membrane and sorts cargos containing a specific sorting motif into a membrane tubule. Subsequently, Mvp1 recruits the dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 to catalyze membrane scission and release of the recycling tubule. Similarly, SNX8, the human homolog of Mvp1, which has been also implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, mediates formation of an endosomal recycling tubule. Thus, we present evidence for a novel endosomal retrieval pathway that is conserved from yeast to humans.In BriefPX-BAR Mvp1 and dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 drive retromer independent endosomal recycling.HighlightsRetromer- and Snx4-independent endosomal recycling pathway discoveredSNX-BAR Mvp1 and dynamin-like GTPase Vps1 mediate cargo sorting into recycling tubules/vesicles in the absence of retromer functionMvp1 together with retromer and Snx4 complexes contribute to proper endosome functionMvp1 mediated recycling is evolutionary conserved from yeast to humansCharacters: 43,934/45,000 (including spaces and main figure legends but excluding STAR Methods text, supplemental item legends, and References section)

REPOSITION OF PESANTRENT KIYAI IN POLITICAL DYNAMICS

This paper aims to reveal and explain the dynamics of Islamic boarding school kiyai in relation to national politics and review the repositioning of the role of the kyai in the dynamics of national politics. Although there have been many analyzes regardingthe role of the kyai, the fact is that the ups and downs of the pesantren's kiyai position are increasingly visible. This can be proven by the practical involvement of the kyai in politics so that it has an impact on the existence of the pesantren education institutions that they manage. The results of the author's analysis illustrate that it is time for the kiyai to return to their central role as the main figure in the management of pesantren, this is important to do so that the existence of pesantren inthe modern era is maintained and focuses on reformulation of the bastion of morals and morals of the ummah which is increasingly worrying. The reformulation that the author offers is through the internalization and adaptation of modern civilization for kyai and focuses on improvements in educational institutions, both in the fields of economy, socio-culture, and technology.