scholarly journals Modelling of Multi Inductor based Balancing of Battery Pack for Electrical Mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigvendra Kumar Vardhan ◽  
T. Selvathai ◽  
Rajaseeli Reginald ◽  
P. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Reliable Performance ◽  
In Series

   The pre requisite for success of electrical mobility is driven by development of battery technologies. Reliable performance of electrical mobility necessitates for high energy density battery packs. The advent of Li ion cell chemistry revolutionised the electric and hybrid vehicle advancement due to its high energy density, lighter weight and wide range of temperature performance. Higher operating voltages of the battery are achieved by configuration of the cells in series and parallel combinations. The performance of these battery packs are affected by operating temperature and imperfections in manufacturability which causes mismatches in cell impedance, cell potential and state of charge (SOC) imbalance. These performance issues are overcome by cell and battery balancing techniques. In this paper, a dynamic battery pack balancing circuit by using multi inductor with SOC based logic controller for both cell and battery balancing are presented. The battery pack balancing performances during static, charging, discharging conditions are analysed.

scholarly journals Adopting a Conversion Design Approach to Maximize the Energy Density of Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Erika Pierri ◽  
Valentina Cirillo ◽  
Thomas Vietor ◽  
Marco Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicles ◽  
Battery Packs

Innovative vehicle concepts have been developed in the past years in the automotive sector, including alternative drive systems such as hybrid and battery electric vehicles, so as to meet the environmental targets and cope with the increasingly stringent emissions regulations. The preferred hybridizing technology is lithium-ion battery, thanks to its high energy density. The optimal integration of battery packs in the vehicle is a challenging task when designing e-mobility concepts. Therefore, this work proposes a conceptual design procedure aimed at optimizing the sizing of hybrid and battery electric vehicles. Particularly, the influence of the cell type, physical disposition and arrangement of the electrical devices is accounted for within a conversion design framework. The optimization is focused on the trade-off between the battery pack capacity and weight. After introducing the main features of electric traction systems and their challenges compared to conventional ones, the relevant design properties of electric vehicles are analyzed. A detailed strategy, encompassing the selection of battery format and technology, battery pack design and final assessment of the proposed set-up, is presented and implemented in an exemplary application, assuming an existing commercial vehicle as the reference starting layout. Prismatic, cylindrical and pouch cells are configured aiming at achieving installed battery energy as close as possible to the reference one, while meeting the original installation space constraint. The best resulting configuration, which also guarantees similar peak power performance of the reference battery-pack, allows reducing the mass of the storage system down to 70% of its starting value.

scholarly journals Nonaqueous redox-flow batteries: organic solvents, supporting electrolytes, and redox pairs

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3515-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Gong ◽  
Qianrong Fang ◽  
Shuang Gu ◽  
Sam Fong Yau Li ◽  
Yushan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Redox Flow Batteries ◽  
Working Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

As members of the redox-flow battery (RFB) family, nonaqueous RFBs can offer a wide range of working temperature, high cell voltage, and potentially high energy density.

scholarly journals Comparative Investigation of Non-halogenated Imidazolium and Phosphonium-based Surface-Active Ionic Liquids as Electrolyte for Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Jain ◽  
Oleg N. Antzutkin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Imidazolium Cations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Active

<p>We report a comparative analysis of non-halogenated surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), which consists of the surface-active anion, 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, and the phosphonium, and imidazolium cations <i>i.e.,</i> tetrabutylphosphonium ([P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P<sub>66614</sub>]<sup>+</sup>), and 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium ([C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM]<sup>+</sup>). We explored the thermal and electrochemical properties, <i>i.e.</i>, degradation, melting and crystallization temperatures, and ionic conductivity of this new class of IL. These SAILs were tested as an electrolyte in a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based supercapacitor at various temperatures from 253 to 373 K. The electrochemical performance of different SAILs by varying the cationic core as a function of temperature were compared, in the same MWCNT-based supercapacitor. We found that the supercapacitor cell with [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS] shown high specific capacitance (<i>C<sub>elec</sub></i> in F g<sup>-1</sup>), a high energy density (<i>E</i> in Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>), and a high power density (<i>P</i> in kW kg<sup>-1</sup>) when compared to those for the other SAILs <i>i.e.</i> [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS], [P<sub>66614</sub>][EHS], and [N<sub>8888</sub>][EHS] at all temperatures. The supercapacitor with an MWCNT-based electrode and [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS], [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS], and [P<sub>66614</sub>][EHS] as an electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 148, 90, and 47 F g<sup>-1</sup> (at the scan rate of 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) with an energy density of 82, 50, and 26 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) respectively, at 298 K. The temperature effect can be seen by the three to four-fold increase in the specific capacitance of the cell and the energy density values, <i>i.e.</i>, 290, 198, and 114 F g<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) and 161, 110, and 63 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>), respectively, at 373 K. This study reveals that these new SAILs specifically [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS] can potentially be used as electrolytes in the wide range of temperature. The solution resistance (<i>R<sub>s</sub></i>), charge transfer resistance (<i>R<sub>ct</sub></i>), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) also decreased with an increase in temperature for all SAILs as electrolytes. These new SAILs can explicitly be used for high-temperature (wide range of temperature) electrochemical applications, such as efficient supercapacitors for high energy storage due to enhanced specific capacitance, energy, and power density at elevated temperatures. </p>

scholarly journals Comparative Investigation of Non-halogenated Imidazolium and Phosphonium-based Surface-Active Ionic Liquids as Electrolyte for Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Jain ◽  
Oleg N. Antzutkin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Imidazolium Cations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Active

<p>We report a comparative analysis of non-halogenated surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), which consists of the surface-active anion, 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, and the phosphonium, and imidazolium cations <i>i.e.,</i> tetrabutylphosphonium ([P<sub>4444</sub>]<sup>+</sup>), trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium ([P<sub>66614</sub>]<sup>+</sup>), and 1-methyl-3-hexylimidazolium ([C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM]<sup>+</sup>). We explored the thermal and electrochemical properties, <i>i.e.</i>, degradation, melting and crystallization temperatures, and ionic conductivity of this new class of IL. These SAILs were tested as an electrolyte in a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-based supercapacitor at various temperatures from 253 to 373 K. The electrochemical performance of different SAILs by varying the cationic core as a function of temperature were compared, in the same MWCNT-based supercapacitor. We found that the supercapacitor cell with [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS] shown high specific capacitance (<i>C<sub>elec</sub></i> in F g<sup>-1</sup>), a high energy density (<i>E</i> in Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>), and a high power density (<i>P</i> in kW kg<sup>-1</sup>) when compared to those for the other SAILs <i>i.e.</i> [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS], [P<sub>66614</sub>][EHS], and [N<sub>8888</sub>][EHS] at all temperatures. The supercapacitor with an MWCNT-based electrode and [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS], [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS], and [P<sub>66614</sub>][EHS] as an electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 148, 90, and 47 F g<sup>-1</sup> (at the scan rate of 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) with an energy density of 82, 50, and 26 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) respectively, at 298 K. The temperature effect can be seen by the three to four-fold increase in the specific capacitance of the cell and the energy density values, <i>i.e.</i>, 290, 198, and 114 F g<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) and 161, 110, and 63 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> (at 2 mV s<sup>-1</sup>), respectively, at 373 K. This study reveals that these new SAILs specifically [C<sub>6</sub>C<sub>1</sub>IM][EHS] and [P<sub>4444</sub>][EHS] can potentially be used as electrolytes in the wide range of temperature. The solution resistance (<i>R<sub>s</sub></i>), charge transfer resistance (<i>R<sub>ct</sub></i>), and equivalent series resistance (ESR) also decreased with an increase in temperature for all SAILs as electrolytes. These new SAILs can explicitly be used for high-temperature (wide range of temperature) electrochemical applications, such as efficient supercapacitors for high energy storage due to enhanced specific capacitance, energy, and power density at elevated temperatures. </p>

Self-photosensitized [2 + 2] cycloaddition for synthesis of high-energy-density fuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjian Xie ◽  
Xiangwen Zhang ◽  
Chengxiang Shi ◽  
Lun Pan ◽  
Fang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Wide Range

High-energy-density fuels are synthesized through self-photosensitized [2 + 2] cycloaddition of isophorone and a wide range of olefins.

scholarly journals Designing polymer nanocomposites with high energy density using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Hui Shen ◽  
Zhi-Wei Bao ◽  
Xiao-Xing Cheng ◽  
Bao-Wen Li ◽  
Han-Xing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Phase Field Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAddressing microstructure-property relations of polymer nanocomposites is vital for designing advanced dielectrics for electrostatic energy storage. Here, we develop an integrated phase-field model to simulate the dielectric response, charge transport, and breakdown process of polymer nanocomposites. Subsequently, based on 6615 high-throughput calculation results, a machine learning strategy is schemed to evaluate the capability of energy storage. We find that parallel perovskite nanosheets prefer to block and then drive charges to migrate along with the interfaces in x-y plane, which could significantly improve the breakdown strength of polymer nanocomposites. To verify our predictions, we fabricate a polymer nanocomposite P(VDF-HFP)/Ca2Nb3O10, whose highest discharged energy density almost doubles to 35.9 J cm−3 compared with the pristine polymer, mainly benefit from the improved breakdown strength of 853 MV m−1. This work opens a horizon to exploit the great potential of 2D perovskite nanosheets for a wide range of applications of flexible dielectrics with the requirement of high voltage endurance.

Development of high energy density small flat spiral cells and battery pack based on lithium/carbon monofluoride (Li/CFx)

2006 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Eweka ◽  
C.O. Giwa ◽  
G.O. Mepsted ◽  
K. Green ◽  
D. Scattergood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Flat Spiral

Series asymmetric supercapacitors based on free-standing inner-connection electrodes for high energy density and high output voltage

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 15073-15079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayou Tao ◽  
Nishuang Liu ◽  
Jiangyu Rao ◽  
Longwei Ding ◽  
Majid Raissan AL Bahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitor ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Asymmetric Supercapacitors ◽  
In Series ◽  
High Output Voltage ◽  
High Output

A series-wound asymmetric supercapacitor with an inner-connection structure has a high output voltage of 4.0 V and can power two LEDs connected in series.

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