The Pembroke Site: Thule Inuit Migrants on Southern Victoria Island

ARCTIC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Max Friesen ◽  
Lauren E.Y. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Island Region ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Sea Mammals ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Victoria Island ◽  
Minimal Consumption ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

This paper presents description and interpretation of the Pembroke site, the earliest known Thule Inuit occupation in the southeastern Victoria Island region, Nunavut. The site has 11 extant dwellings, including five heavy tent rings, five light semi-subterranean dwellings, and a <em>qalgiq </em>(large communal structure). The site’s economy revolved mainly around the acquisition of caribou, Arctic char, and lake trout, with minimal consumption of sea mammals. Radiocarbon dates, reinforced by artifact analyses, indicate an occupation around AD 1400. Based on several lines of evidence, including the extremely small artifact samples, the site is interpreted as having been occupied relatively briefly. It represents the first colonization of the region by Thule people, approximately 200 years after the initial Thule migration from Alaska into the eastern Arctic. Thus, it documents a second migration wave: an expansion of Thule peoples from their initially occupied territories to other, in some ways less optimal, regions

scholarly journals Polychlorinated Alkanes in Fish from Norwegian Freshwater

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders R. Borgen ◽  
Martin Schlabach ◽  
Roland Kallenborn ◽  
Eirik Fjeld
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Polychlorinated Alkanes ◽  
Negative Ion Mode

Short-chain polychlorinated alkanes (sPCAs) have been measured in freshwater fish samples from different lakes all over Norway and from the Norwegian Arctic. The analyses were performed with high-resolution GC coupled to high-resolution MS in electron capture negative ion mode. The species investigated were trout, Arctic char, and burbot (Lota lota). Muscle tissue in the lake trout and Arctic char, and liver in burbot, were selected for analyses because of their high lipid content. ∑sPCA concentration ranged from 108 to 3700 ng/g fat. The highest value was found in the south of Norway near an industrial area.

scholarly journals Middle Dorset Communal Structures on Victoria Island

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Max Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Victoria Island

AbstractThis paper describes a cluster of large communal structures in the Oxford Bay region of southeastern Victoria Island in Nunavut, Arctic Canada. The structures consist of linear stone outlines of up to 24 meters in length, and resemble the relatively well-documented Late Dorset longhouses which have been found across much of the Eastern Arctic. However, radiocarbon dates indicate that the Oxford Bay structures were built and used from roughly 200 to 600-700 cal AD, placing them in the Middle Dorset period. Elsewhere, Middle Dorset communal structures are rare, making the Oxford Bay phenomenon unique. The sites are interpreted as resulting from population aggregations associated with the fall caribou hunt, and may represent direct predecessors of the more widespread Late Dorset longhouses.

Origin, Distribution, and Postglacial Dispersal of a Swimbladder Nematode, Cystidicola stigmatura

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A. Black
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Glacial Refugium ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
River Region ◽  
St Lawrence River

New distributional records indicate that Cystidicola stigmatura occurs in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Arctic char (S. alpinus) in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River drainage basins, in lakes along an arc extending from northwestern Ontario to Great Bear Lake and into the Canadian Arctic Archipelago but not elsewhere. This distribution can be explained by the parasite's probable postglacial history. I hypothesize that the nematode survived in only one glacial refugium. During deglaciation the parasite probably dispersed with lake trout from its refugium in the upper Mississippi River region into the Lake Michigan basin. Confluence of glacial waters would have given the nematode access to the drainage basins of Lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Invasion of the St. Lawrence River basin occurred during a postglacial connection with the Lake Ontario basin. Dispersal from the Lake Huron basin was via glacial Lake Algonquin and later via glacial Lake Barlow–Ojibway and gave rise to present populations in eastern Ontario and western Quebec. Northward dispersal was probably via the glacial waters of the Lake Michigan–Lake Superior basin through glacial Lakes Agassiz, McConnell, and Coppermine to the Arctic Ocean. Arctic char would have first acquired the parasite at this time. Extant parasite populations along this dispersal route occur in Minnesota, northwestern Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories. Invasion of the Arctic Archipelago has been with anadromous fishes. The apparently restricted preglacial distribution of the nematode and recent history of its intermediate host (Mysis relicta) in freshwater suggests that C. stigmatura may have arisen as a species during the last glaciation.

scholarly journals Identification of Arctic Food Fish Species for Anthropogenic Contaminant Testing Using Geography and Genetics

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1824
Author(s):  
Virginia K. Walker ◽  
Pranab Das ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Stephen C. Lougheed ◽  
Kristy Moniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cluster Assignment ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Distant Early Warning

The identification of food fish bearing anthropogenic contaminants is one of many priorities for Indigenous peoples living in the Arctic. Mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), and persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are of concern, and these are reported, in some cases for the first time, for fish sampled in and around King William Island, located in Nunavut, Canada. More than 500 salmonids, comprising Arctic char, lake trout, lake whitefish, and ciscoes, were assayed for contaminants. The studied species are anadromous, migrating to the ocean to feed in the summers and returning to freshwater before sea ice formation in the autumn. Assessments of muscle Hg levels in salmonids from fishing sites on King William Island showed generally higher levels than from mainland sites, with mean concentrations generally below guidelines, except for lake trout. In contrast, mainland fish showed higher means for As, including non-toxic arsenobetaine, than island fish. Lake trout were highest in As and PCB levels, with salmonid PCB congener analysis showing signatures consistent with the legacy of cold-war distant early warning stations. After DNA-profiling, only 4–32 Arctic char single nucleotide polymorphisms were needed for successful population assignment. These results support our objective to demonstrate that genomic tools could facilitate efficient and cost-effective cluster assignment for contaminant analysis during ocean residency. We further suggest that routine pollutant testing during the current period of dramatic climate change would be helpful to safeguard the wellbeing of Inuit who depend on these fish as a staple input to their diet. Moreover, this strategy should be applicable elsewhere.

scholarly journals Archaeology of rock art at Dalakngalarr 1, centralwestern Arnhem Land

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel James ◽  
Bruno David ◽  
Jean-Jacques Delannoy ◽  
Robert Gunn ◽  
Alexandria Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Present Position ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

In 2011, we began researching the subsurface archaeology, geomorphology and rock art ofDalakngalarr 1, a moderately sized rock shelter on top of the central-western Arnhem Landplateau in Jawoyn Country. Here, four lines of evidence give relative or absolute ages for rockart:1. Archaeological excavations adjacent to a boulder that contains a painting of a red macropodreveal when that boulder attained its present position, so the red macropod must have beenpainted sometime afterwards.2. Paintings of axe/hoes with metal heads indicate that they were painted during the Europeancontact period. A nearby group of X-ray images are painted in comparable pigments,suggesting that they are contemporaneous with the axe/hoes.3. Geomorphological evidence suggests that parts of the site’s ceiling collapsed at datable timesin the past, indicating that the art on that roof must post-date the roof collapse.4. Direct accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on beeswax art.

Mitochondrial DNA and Conservation of an Aboriginal Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus oquassa) from Floods Pond, Maine

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irv Kornfield ◽  
Frederick W. Kircheis
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New England ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Endemic Population ◽  
Distinct Lineage

Periods of low water in Floods Pond, Maine, USA, during spawning seasons for an endemic population of landlocked Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus oquassa, have contributed to several year-class failures. To determine the genetic uniqueness of these fish, samples of Arctic char from five isolated lakes in New England and eastern Canada were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and compared with samples of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Arctic char from Scandinavia. Results suggest that (1) Arctic char of eastern North America should all be considered members of Salvelinus alpinus oquassa, (2) char from Floods Pond possess a unique mtDNA banding pattern for one restriction enzyme not observed in fish from any other sampled locality (this difference delineates a distinct lineage of Arctic char whose preservation is warranted on genetic grounds), and (3) unique banding patterns did not characterize any other studied char population, including geographic variants (these populations may be viewed as genetically homogeneous, and none warrant individual protection based upon our genetic characterizations). We contend that genetically identified lineages in the early stages of divergence warrant preservation.

Radiocarbon Evidence for Fourteenth-Century Dorset Occupation in the Eastern North American Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Max Friesen
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The North ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
Victoria Island

One of the most persistent debates in the archaeology of the North American Arctic relates to thirteenth-century AD population distributions and movements. Around this time, the final culture of the long-lived Paleo-Inuit tradition, known as Late Dorset, was replaced by Thule Inuit, who migrated from Alaska to the Eastern Arctic. Due to the almost complete lack of evidence for direct interaction between Dorset and Thule, there are currently two contrasting models for this transitional period. The first proposes a temporal hiatus between Late Dorset and Thule during which the Eastern Arctic was unoccupied. The second proposes that Late Dorset persisted to at least the late thirteenth century and still occupied some regions of the Eastern Arctic when Thule arrived. Resolution of this question depends largely on radiocarbon dates, particularly for the poorly understood Late Dorset period. This article presents 56 new AMS radiocarbon dates from three Late Dorset sites in the Iqaluktuuq region of southeastern Victoria Island in the Central Arctic. They resolve a significant part of the debate by confirming that Dorset settlement continued in this region later than AD 1300, thus overlapping with Thule settlement in adjacent regions for decades, and perhaps as much as a century.

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