scholarly journals The Role of Stone in Island Societies in Neolithic Atlantic Europe: Creating Places and Cultural Landscapes

ARCTIC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cooney
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
The Irish Sea

The focus of the paper is an engagement with the significance of the exploitation of stone sources to make objects, particularly stone axe heads on islands in northwest Europe during the Neolithic period (4000 – 2500 BC). Case studies of Lambay Island in the Irish Sea, Rathlin Island off the northeast coast of Ireland, and the Shetland Islands explore the use of these three stone sources through the archaeological record, examining the biographies of objects (from quarries, through use, to discard or deposition) and applying a range of approaches to understanding material culture. What emerges is an understanding of the central role these three lithic sources played in how people engaged with and created their island places and landscapes. Through their daily engagement with different stone sources (including the ones focused on here) at a range of scales, people created and sustained social relationships and conventions. Hence it is argued that stone artefacts from local sources played a special role in shaping identities on the three islands.

The Role of Women in Plant-based Textile Production during the Viking Diaspora in Scotland and the Irish Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-358
Author(s):  
Susan Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Grave Goods

Evidence for textiles in viking-age Scotland and the adjacent Irish Sea region derives from small fragments usually surviving as mineralised products associated with metal dress fittings and grave goods such as shield bosses and weaving battens, excavated from the furnished graves of both women and men. Since Scottish viking-age textiles were last reviewed over twenty years ago, this paper collates information from antiquarian finds and more recent excavations which employed considerably enhanced techniques for retrieving fragile archaeological textiles. Evidence is presented for the occurrence and role of plant-based textiles derived from flax and hemp including linen in funerary processes as burial garments, shrouds and wrapping other grave goods, such as weapons and tools. Many richly appointed women's graves in viking-age Scotland were accompanied by tool assemblages used in the manufacture and maintenance of textiles. The presence of these tools raises questions about the status of textile production and the roles women played in it.

From midden to megalith? The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Britain

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Transition Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Neolithic Transition ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hunting And Gathering ◽  
The Irish Sea

The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Britain and Ireland remains one of the most debated and contested transitions of prehistory. Much more complex than a simple transition from hunting and gathering to farming, the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Britain has been discussed not only as an economic and technological transformation, but also as an ideological one. In western Britain in particular, with its wealth of Neolithic monuments, considerable emphasis has been placed on the role of monumentality in the transition process. Over the past decade the author‧s research has concentrated on the early Neolithic monumental traditions of western Britain, a deliberate focus on areas outside the more ‘luminous’ centres of Wessex, the Cotswold–Severn region, and Orkney. This chapter discusses the transition in western Britain, with an emphasis on the monuments of this region. In particular, it discusses the areas around the Irish Sea – west Wales, the Isle of Man, south-west and western Scotland – as well as referring to the sequence on the other side of the Irish Sea, specifically eastern Ireland.

The role of the generally unrecognised microprey source as food for larval fish in the Irish Sea

2005 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela M. de Figueiredo ◽  
Richard D. M. Nash ◽  
David J. S. Montagnes
Keyword(s):  
Larval Fish ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

‘Very real shared traditions’? Thinking about Similarity and Difference in the Construction and Use of Clyde Cairns in the Western Scottish Neolithic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Similarity And Difference

In this paper, evidence for Neolithic activity in the western mainland of Scotland is explored, with a particular emphasis on megalithic monumentality and the archaeology of Argyll. This is a much under-studied area, and as the author notes, has as much if not more in common with the Neolithic or Ireland than of eastern Scotland. The paper draws on the author’s extensive fieldwork in the area including work on Bargrennan tombs and excavations at Blasthill. Monumentality, material culture and other aspects of Neolithic life in the western fringes of Scotland are explored in this important contribution to Neolithic studies in the Irish Sea zone.

scholarly journals The First Italian Farmers: The Role of Stone Ornaments in Tradition, Innovation, and Cultural Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1398-1424
Author(s):  
Cristiana Petrinelli Pannocchia ◽  
Alice Vassanelli
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Choices

Abstract When the first farmers landed on the eastern coast of the Italian peninsula (end of seventh millennium cal BC), they brought with them a system of knowledge and technologies that quickly spread along both the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coasts. The study of the material culture, therefore, assumes an important role in understanding the social and cultural identity of these incoming groups. Analyses of ornament production – involving manufacture technology, raw materials, and stylistic choices – may supply information about the cultural choices and the technical skills of human groups and shed light on the social and symbolic system of these ancient populations. Data obtained from this work show that the ornaments became symbols of a growing cultural identity, which began to be developed within Italian territory. In the ornamental assemblages of the newcomers, the relevance of shaped lithic items is clearly visible, and there was the development of types that will become more and more standardized during the Neolithic period. However, elements in the symbolic culture of these first settlers, such as the use of Columbella rustica and the exclusive production of hard animal matter ornaments in some sites, recall previous traditions. This study intends to extend our knowledge on the ornamental customs of the first Italian Neolithic communities. It will attempt to establish if the chronological and the geographical differences that emerge from our analyses reflect diversities in the cultural and symbolic systems of the incoming farmers and different possible interactions with the native population.

The role of nearshore currents in limiting coastal dispersal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Ward ◽  
Peter Robins ◽  
Stuart Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
The Irish Sea

<p>The introduction, spread and establishment of marine non-native species, facilitated by species’ dispersal capabilities and enhanced by the continued expansion of global trade and transportation networks, presents a global threat to marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Increases in hard structures such as offshore renewable energy devices or coastal defenses, built partly as a response to climate change, potentially facilitate the secondary spread of non-native species by providing stepping stones of suitable habitat for fouling organisms. Within the ECOSTRUCTURE project we are developing biophysical modelling techniques to help predict and understand the dispersal of marine organisms in the Irish Sea. However, shelf-scale biophysical models typically omit near-shore and inter-tidal features and processes, which potentially play a significant role in larval dispersal. Here, we evaluate how nearshore flows affect coastal larval spread in the Irish Sea, a semi-enclosed energetic shelf sea with considerable potential for renewable energy developments as well as with evidence of existing marine non-native communities. We use an unstructured, finite element, hydrodynamic model of a topographically-complex coastline (which includes headlands, bays and channels) at four different spatial scales (50 – 500 m) to compare the influence of model spatial resolution on transport and dispersal patterns of particles released within the nearshore region. We found that particles were transported offshore more quickly and travelled further overall in the relatively higher-resolution simulations. The lower-resolution simulations appeared to be more retentive in the nearshore zone, resulting in increased alongshore connectivity. With a better understanding of the role of nearshore dynamics on larval transport processes, it is possible to more accurately simulate the spread of non-native species in the marine environment.</p>

Social Motives Predict Loneliness During a Developmental Transition

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Nikitin ◽  
Alexandra M. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Developmental Transitions ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. Establishing new social relationships is important for mastering developmental transitions in young adulthood. In a 2-year longitudinal study with four measurement occasions (T1: n = 245, T2: n = 96, T3: n = 103, T4: n = 85), we investigated the role of social motives in college students’ mastery of the transition of moving out of the parental home, using loneliness as an indicator of poor adjustment to the transition. Students with strong social approach motivation reported stable and low levels of loneliness. In contrast, students with strong social avoidance motivation reported high levels of loneliness. However, this effect dissipated relatively quickly as most of the young adults adapted to the transition over a period of several weeks. The present study also provides evidence for an interaction between social approach and social avoidance motives: Social approach motives buffered the negative effect on social well-being of social avoidance motives. These results illustrate the importance of social approach and social avoidance motives and their interplay during developmental transitions.

Development of Social and Economic Forecasting and Ideas of A. Anchishkin

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
A. Klepach ◽  
G. Kuranov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Planning ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Forecasting ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
Working Out

The role of the prominent Soviet economist, academician A. Anchishkin (1933—1987), whose 80th birth anniversary we celebrate this year, in the development of ideas and formation of economic forecasting in the country at the time when the directive planning acted as a leading tool of economic management is explored in the article. Besides, Anchishkin’s special role is noted in developing a comprehensive program of scientific and technical progress, an information basis for working out long-term forecasts of the country’s development, moreover, his contribution to the creation of long-term forecasting methodology and improvement of the statistical basis for economic analysis and economic planning. The authors show that social and economic forecasting in the period after 1991, which has undertaken a number of functions of economic planning, has largely relied on further development of Anchishkin’s ideas, at the same time responding to new challenges for the Russian economy development during its entry into the world economic system.

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