scholarly journals Effect of Electrocautery on Endothelial Integrity of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Ultrastructural Analysis with Transmission Electron Microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Onan ◽  
Mehmet Yeniterzi ◽  
Ismihan Selen Onan ◽  
Burak Ersoy ◽  
Suheyla Gonca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Internal Thoracic Artery ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sharp Dissection

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is typically harvested from the chest wall by means of conventional electrocautery. We investigated the effects of electrocautery on endothelial-cell and vessel-wall morphology at the ultrastructural level during ITA harvesting. Internal thoracic artery specimens from 20 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated in 2 groups. The ITA grafts were sharply dissected with use of a scalpel and clips in the control group (n=10) and were harvested by means of electrocautery in the study group (n=10). Each sample was evaluated for intimal, elastic-tissue, muscular-layer, and adventitial changes. Free flow was measured intraoperatively. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells and vessel walls of each ITA. In the sharp-dissection group, the endothelial surfaces were lined with normal amounts of original endothelium, endothelial cells were distinctly attached to the basal lamina, cytoplasmic organelles were evident, and intercellular junctional complexes were intact. Conversely, in the electrocautery group, the morphologic integrity of endothelial cells was distorted, with some cell separations and splits, contracted cells, numerous large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and no visible cytoplasmic organelles. The subendothelial layer exhibited disintegration. Free ITA flow was higher in the sharp-dissection group (P=0.04). The integrity of endothelial cells can be better preserved when the ITA is mobilized by means of sharp dissection, rather than solely by electrocautery; we recommend a combined approach.

Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Modifications after Storage in Solid-Organ Preservation Solutions

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Carbognani ◽  
L Spaggiari ◽  
M Rusca ◽  
L Cattelani ◽  
P Solli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organ Preservation ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Ringer Lactate ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Grading Scale

During lung preservation, the vascular endothelium is probably the first site of damage and these lesions are considered the main limiting factor in solid-organ preservation. In the present study, the ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells of human pulmonary artery hypothermically stored (at 4 °C) for 6 and 12 h in Euro-Collins, University of Wisconsin and Ringer-lactate solutions were compared. The arteries obtained from three patients who underwent pneumonectomy were divided into 20 segments and preserved in the three solutions mentioned. The specimens, which were fixed in osmic acid, were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cells stored in the University of Wisconsin solution either for 6 or 12 h were the best preserved, while the most severely damaged cells were those stored in Euro-Collins solution, even after just 6 h. The cells stored in Ringer-lactate showed an intermediate level of damage. The data from an ultrastructural grading scale, which quantified the damage to the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus, were in broad agreement with the general transmission electron microscopy observations. Analysis of variance of the grading scale data showed that there were statistically significant differences between the groups after both 6 and 12 h storage ( P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Pollen, Tapetum, and Orbicule Development inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americana(Rhamnaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gotelli ◽  
B. Galati ◽  
D. Medan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Grain Formation

Tapetum, orbicule, and pollen grain ontogeny inColletia paradoxaandDiscaria americanawere studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructural changes observed during the different stages of development in the tapetal cells and related to orbicule and pollen grain formation are described. The proorbicules have the appearance of lipid globule, and their formation is related to the endoplasmic reticulum of rough type (ERr). This is the first report on the presence of orbicules in the family Rhamnaceae. Pollen grains are shed at the bicellular stage.

scholarly journals Noise-induced gastric lesions: a light and electron microscopy study of the rat gastric wall exposed to low frequency noise

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fonseca ◽  
José Martins-dos-Santos ◽  
Pedro Oliveira ◽  
Nuno Laranjeira ◽  
Artur Aguas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Significant Difference

CONTEXT: Only a few studies evaluated the digestive alterations caused by low frequency noise (LFN) and most focused only on mucosal alterations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological injury of LFN-exposed gastric wall, beyond the epithelial layer. METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to low frequency noise (LFN), during increasing periods, 1 to 13 weeks. A control group was kept in silence. Gastric specimens were studied using: (i) light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining for collagens; (ii) transmission electron microscopy; (iii) morphometry allowing statistical analysis. RESULTS: Submucosa of all LFN-exposed animals exhibit increased thickness with fibrous proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy showed massive collagen deposition. Immunostaining identified collagen IV as responsible for the increased thickness. Morphometry allowed the demonstration of a significant difference of thickness between control and exposed groups. Vascular alterations included: i) intima proliferation and thickening, rupture of the internal elastic lamina, thrombotic changes; ii) thickening of the media; iii) after 9 weeks of LFN-exposure, we found new formed vessel presenting tortuous and twisted. There is a significant difference of arterial wall thickness between control and exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS: Deeper layers of gastric wall undergo alterations, including fibrosis of the submucosa caused by collagen IV deposition, an early marker of neoangiogenesis. Vascular alterations included thickening and thrombotic phenomena, but also images of newly formed vessels. This study suggests that, at least in the stomach, LFN-induced fibrosis could be linked with neoangiogenesis.

Histochemical Studies On The In Vitro 5-HT Uptake In Endothelial Cells

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kjellström ◽  
H Ahlman ◽  
F Dahlström ◽  
G Hansson ◽  
B Stenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Serotonin Uptake ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Endothelial Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
5 Ht Uptake

Previous studies have shown that 5-HT is rapidly taken up by the endothelial cells and some investigations also suggested that serotonin is metabolized within these cells. In earlier studies on rat-lungs using a fluorescence histo- chemical method according to Hillarp - Falk we demonstrated that 5-HT was accumulated within the mast cells. Using this technique we could not demonstrate any specific uptake in the pulmonary endothelial cells. It was the purpose of the present investigation to further study the 5-HT uptake by isolated pulmonary endothelial cells.Methods Cells from the vascular intima of the pulmonary artery in adult rats were grown in a growth medium containing FCS. The endothelial nature of these cells was demonstrated using transmission electron microscopy and factor VIII analysis. Confluent endothelial cells were incubated with 5-HT and the cellular uptake was studied with fluorescence microscopy according to the Hillarp - Falk procedure.Results The endothelial cells were identified by the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies using transmission electron microscopy and the immunofluorescent demonstration of cellular factor VIII antigen. Cells not exposed to serotonin had no specific 5-HT fluorescense. After incubation with 5-HT at different concentrations there was a progressive uptake of the amine within the cells.Conclusions This study confirms previous reports on the specific serotonin uptake in endothelial cells. The Hillarp-Falk procedure seems suitable for further studies of serotonin uptake in cultured endothelial cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Chaihu Shugan Powder-Contained Serum on Glutamate-Induced Autophagy of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Rat Gastric Antrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Qian Tan ◽  
Zhi Zhang ◽  
Jing Ju ◽  
Jiang-Hong Ling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Bcl2 Expression ◽  
Gi Motility

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorder is caused by excessive autophagy of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine with therapeutic benefits in GI motility disorders; however, the underlying mechanism of its therapeutic effect in GI disorders, especially autophagy of ICC, remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the effects of CSP-contained serum on glutamate-induced autophagy in rat gastric ICC, exploring its underlying mechanism. In vitro cultured rat stomach ICC were identified by fluorescence microscopy and then stimulated with glutamate (5 mmol/L) for 3 h to establish the autophagy model. These cells were then treated with 10% CSP-containing serum or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 5 mmol/L) for 24 h. The control group was cultured with only 10% serum containing physiological saline. The viability of ICC was measured by the CCK-8 assay. The ultrastructure and autophagosomes of ICC were observed using transmission electron microscopy. LC3 expression was detected by immunofluorescence, and LC3, Beclin1, Bcl2, and PI3KC3 expression was detected by western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy showed abundant endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and other organelles in the control group, whereas the cells in the autophagy model control group had clear autophagic vacuoles, which were not apparent in both CSP and 3-MA groups. ICC viability was significantly increased by CSP and 3-MA interventions (P < 0.01), accompanied by a decrease in LC3 fluorescence (P < 0.01). Moreover, the expression levels of LC3II/I, Beclin1, and PI3KC3 were significantly decreased (all P < 0.01) with CSP and 3-MA treatment, while Bcl2 expression level was higher than that of the model group (P < 0.01). Thus, CSP can reduce autophagic damage by enhancing Bcl2 expression and downregulating the expression of LC3, Beclin1, and PI3KC3 to protect ICC. These results highlight the potential of CSP in the treatment of GI motility disorders.

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF FUNGAL NEMATODE-TRAPPING DEVICES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. TZEAN ◽  
R. H. ESTEY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organelles ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Luminal Side ◽  
Septal Pores ◽  
Trapping Devices

The nematode-trapping devices of Arthrobotrys dactyloides (constricting rings), Monacrosporium cionopagum (adhesive columnar processes and scalariform loops) and a Dactylella sp. (sticky knobs) were investigated by electron microscopy. The cells of the constricting rings prior to inflation contained normal cytoplasmic organelles and some unusual, oblong, electron-dense inclusions in the luminal side of the protoplast, and lomasomes associated with papillate cylindrical bodies in the peripheral side. Their luminal walls differed from their peripheral walls in structure and thickness. After inflation, the ring cells had thinner luminal walls, the electron-dense inclusions were absent, there were fewer lomasomes, the cells had larger vacuoles, some of which contained electron-dense fine granules, and Woronin bodies were plugging the septal pores. It is postulated that the cells of constricting rings are inflated by means of rapidly generated gases rather than by an inflow of fluids. The sticky knob, adhesive columnar process, and scalariform loop trapping devices exhibited numerous globose electron-dense bodies, especially in their peripheral protoplasts.

Oxyhemoglobin-induced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Ogihara ◽  
Alexander Y. Zubkov ◽  
David H. Bernanke ◽  
Adam I. Lewis ◽  
Andrew D. Parent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) is one of the most important spasmogens for cerebral vasospasm that follows aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cytotoxic effect of OxyHb has been documented in endothelial and smooth-muscle cells; however, the pattern of cell death—necrosis or apoptosis—as the final stage of cell damage has not been demonstrated. This study was undertaken to determine if OxyHb induces apoptotic changes in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.Methods. Confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells were treated with OxyHb in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cell density was assayed by counting the number of cells that attached to culture dishes after exposure to OxyHb. To identify apoptotic changes, the investigators used three specific methods: DNA fragmentation (electrophoreses), the apoptotic body (transmission electron microscopy), and cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP [Western blotting]).Conclusions. Oxyhemoglobin decreased cell density in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Analysis of DNA showed a pattern of internucleosomal cleavage characteristic of apoptosis (DNA ladder). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated condensation of nuclei and apoptotic bodies in OxyHb-treated endothelial cells. Western blotting with the PARP antibody revealed that the 116-kD PARP was cleaved to the 85-kD apoptosis-related fragment. These results for the first time demonstrated that the OxyHb induces apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells.

Ultrastructural Changes in the Compound Middle Lamella of Pinus thunbergii During Lignification and Lignin Removal

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hafrén ◽  
Takeshi Fujino ◽  
Takao Itoh ◽  
Ulla Westermark ◽  
Noritsugu Terashima
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Woody Tissue ◽  
Compound Middle Lamella ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Early Phases

SummaryThe structure of the middle lamella inPinus thunbergiihas been studied by the rapid-freeze deep-etching (RFDE) technique in combination with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ultrastructure of the compound middle lamella was studied in the early phases of the development of woody tissue in the cambial and differentiating xylem, before the heavy incrustation with lignin had occurred. Lignified middle lamella in the xylem was studied both directly and after delignification. It was found that the structure of the unlignified middle lamella in the cambium/developing xylem consists of a fine irregular network probably containing pectin and hemicellulose. As a result of lignin incrustation, the middle lamella becomes increasingly dense and the surface structure of the fully lignified middle lamella appeared to be compact and partly covered with globular structures. After delignification of the lignified middle lamella a thin network with a different structure was revealed. This network probably mainly consists of hemicellulose. No microfibrils of the type that occurs in the primary and secondary walls were found in the middle lamella.

The Technology in Sample Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy and Ultrastructure Observation of Lung Tissue in Rats with Experimental Silicosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Li Juan Zhang ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Wen Li Zhang ◽  
Hong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Perfusion Fixation

ts hard to get ideal ultrathin sections because of the adamant SiO2 dust in silicosis, after perfusion fixation methods and strict control of the cutting speed, improving the success rate of the Silicosis tissue TEM sample preparation of ultrathin sections,so we can more clearly and accurately observed ultrastructural changes of silicosis,and it also can offer morphological basis for research the silicosis organizations function histological changes.

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