scholarly journals Theoretical Approaches to International Economic Integration: Mechanisms and Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Dmitry Izotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Short Term ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Short Term Effects

The article analyzes theoretical approaches to explaining the mechanisms and methods for assessing effects of international economic integration. The author determined that within the framework of «modern regionalism», the mechanisms of integration are explained mainly by endogenous processes. These processes are determined both by the economic motives of market actors and by political and institutional constraints. Within the framework of «modern regionalism», the general direction is to assess the long-term multifaceted effects of integration, while the short-term effects of integration have not lost their relevance

scholarly journals Fragile States in African Economic Communities as Exemplified by the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) – Investment Issues

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (56) ◽  
pp. 231-246
Author(s):  
Joanna Garlińska-Bielawska ◽  
Małgorzata Janicka
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dynamic Integration ◽  
Descriptive Method

The region of Central Africa is abundant in both fragile states and economic communities. According to the theory of international economic integration, in the long term such integration processes should stimulate not only short-term trade effects but also long-term investment effects. The article aims to answer the question whether and how membership of an economic community by a fragile state influences the occurrence of dynamic integration effects. The examination is based on the example of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). The article uses an analytical and descriptive method on the basis of domestic and foreign literature sources and UNCTAD and IMF statistics. The analysis suggests that from the point of view of member countries of African economic communities, the mere fact of membership of such a community is no vital driver of FDI within the internal market, particularly important to capital-poor fragile states.

Application of Skills to Procrastination (optional)

2017 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Steven A. Safren ◽  
Susan E. Sprich ◽  
Carol A. Perlman ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Short Term Effects

This chapter outlines an optional session for clients with ADHD that focuses on procrastination. It describes how the therapist can discuss the attractive aspects of procrastination and how the client can learn to identify the negative consequences of procrastination. An exercise is presented where the client goes over the pros and cons of procrastination using a specific example. The chapter includes a discussion of how previously taught skills of problem-solving, adaptive thinking, and cognitive restructuring can be applied to procrastination. A case vignette illustrates the process of identifying the long-term and short-term effects of procrastination.

scholarly journals The longer the worse: a combined proteomic and targeted study of the long-term versus short-term effects of silver nanoparticles on macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2032-2046
Author(s):  
Bastien Dalzon ◽  
Catherine Aude-Garcia ◽  
Hélène Diemer ◽  
Joanna Bons ◽  
Caroline Marie-Desvergne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

At equal cumulated dose, a chronic exposure to silver nanoparticles produces more effects on macrophages than an acute exposure.

Retirement and Mortality

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Situation ◽  
Short Term Effects

The present study investigated the effects of retirement on the mortality of the retired. The basis of retirement for the present subjects was in all cases age, not sickness. The subjects were 1 176 men retired on old age pension. In the present study, retirement could not be shown to have any long-term or short-term effects on mortality pointing to retirement not being such a stress situation as to result in an increase in mortality.

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Girard ◽  
Marcel Lichters ◽  
Marko Sarstedt ◽  
Dipayan Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Railway Company ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ambient Scents ◽  
Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

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