scholarly journals Characterization of Some Commercially Important Octopus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from Indonesian Waters using Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase Sub-Unit I (Mt-DNA COI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Nenik Kholilah ◽  
Norma Afiati ◽  
Subagiyo Subagiyo
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mt Dna ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coi Sequences

As per the FAO data, octopus identification is very limited in the species level at world fishery and also they are cryptic nature. On the other hand, Indonesia is one of the top ten highest octopus exporters. This study therefore aimed to determine the species of octopus based on phylogenetic analysis of mt-DNA COI. Octopuses were collected from nine different locations throughout Indonesia, i.e., Anambas, Bangka-Belitung, Cirebon, Karimunjawa, Tuban, Lombok, Buton, Wakatobi and Jayapura. Samples were mostly in the form of tentacles that were directly collected from fishermen. After being preserved in 96% ethanol, the sample was extracted in 10% chelexÒ, PCR amplification using Folmer’s primer then was further analysed by sequencing in Sanger methods. Of the 24 samples sequenced, the results recognized four species Octopodidae belongs to the three genera, named Amphioctopus aegina, Hapalochlaena fasciata, Octopus laqueus and Octopus cyanea. Mean pair-wise distances of within-species were ranged from 0 to 5.5 % and between-species was ranged from 12.9 to 15.8 %. This study distinctly confirmed the difference between genus Amphioctopus and Hapalochlaena (15.5 %), as also between O. laqueus and O. cyanea (12.9%) which was previously not completely distinguished. Although performing species identification using DNA sequences for shallow-water benthic octopus species is perhaps considered premature, this study indicated the possible application of COI sequences for species identification, thereby providing a preliminary dataset for future DNA barcoding of octopus, in particular for Indonesia waters.

scholarly journals Feedback Inhibition of Chorismate Mutase/Prephenate Dehydrogenase (TyrA) of Escherichia coli: Generation and Characterization of Tyrosine-Insensitive Mutants

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 7224-7228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Lütke-Eversloh ◽  
Gregory Stephanopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chorismate Mutase ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Prephenate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT In order to get insights into the feedback regulation by tyrosine of the Escherichia coli chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase (CM/PDH), which is encoded by the tyrA gene, feedback-inhibition-resistant (fbr) mutants were generated by error-prone PCR. The tyrA fbr mutants were selected by virtue of their resistance toward m-fluoro-d,l-tyrosine, and seven representatives were characterized on the biochemical as well as on the molecular level. The PDH activities of the purified His6-tagged TyrA proteins exhibited up to 35% of the enzyme activity of TyrAWT, but tyrosine did not inhibit the mutant PDH activities. On the other hand, CM activities of the TyrAfbr mutants were similar to those of the TyrAWT protein. Analyses of the DNA sequences of the tyrA genes revealed that tyrA fbr contained amino acid substitutions either at Tyr263 or at residues 354 to 357, indicating that these two sites are involved in the feedback inhibition by tyrosine.

Molecular characterization of Urocleidoides cuiabai and U. malabaricusi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the trahira fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus in the Paraná River, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Gasques ◽  
R.J. Graça ◽  
S.M.A.P. Prioli ◽  
R.M. Takemoto ◽  
A.J. Prioli
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Coi Sequences

AbstractUrocleidoides ectoparasites are mainly found on fish of the neotropical regions. Although molecular research on monogeneans is available, no genetic data exist characterizing species in the Urocleidoides genus. Some DNA sequences have been efficacious in systematic studies and in the reconstruction of phylogenies of fish parasites. Relevant roles have been given to the sequence of the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). This study characterized COI sequences of the parasites Urocleidoides malabaricusi and U. cuiabai in trahira fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus of the flood plain of the Upper River Paraná, Brazil. The two species under analysis were distinguished by sequencing and analysing a 420-bp fragment of the COI gene, which suggested the existence of the cryptic species U. malabaricusi.

scholarly journals Characterization of putrescine- and spermidine-transport systems of a rat pancreatic acinar tumoral cell line (AR4-2J)

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Nicolet ◽  
J L Scemama ◽  
L Pradayrol ◽  
C Seva ◽  
N Vaysse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Lower Affinity ◽  
Polyamine Transport ◽  
Tumoral Cell ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
The Difference

Polyamines are polycationic molecules essential for cell growth and differentiation. Recent work has focused on cell polyamine-transport systems as a way to regulate intracellular polyamine levels. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of two different active transporters for putrescine and spermidine in a rat tumoral cell line (AR4-2J). The first has a Km of 3.1 microM and a Vmax of 3.7 pmol/15 min per micrograms of DNA for putrescine and the second a Km of 0.42 microM and a Vmax of 4.7 pmol/15 min per micrograms of DNA for spermidine. Competition studies performed between the polyamines confirm the difference between these two carriers; one has an equal affinity for the three main polyamines, and the other has a lower affinity for putrescine. Amino acids do not share this transport system, which is Na(+)-independent. Choline chloride inhibits selectively and in a dose-responsive manner the uptake of putrescine without affecting that of spermidine. These data demonstrate that AR4-2J cells possess two polyamine transporters; one is specific for aminopropyl groups (spermidine and spermine), and the other is choline-sensitive, but cannot discriminate between aminobutyl (putrescine) and aminopropyl groups.

scholarly journals Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) Divergence Assessment of Family Nemipteridae from Malaysian Waters

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Liew You En ◽  
Salwani Abdullah ◽  
Tan Min Pau ◽  
Mazlan Abd Ghaffar ◽  
Alias Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Trawl Survey ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Nucleotide Divergence ◽  
Coi Sequences

DNA Barcoding, primarily focusing on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has been appraised as an effective tool for species identification. Nonetheless, species identification based on molecular approach is essential for discrimination of look-alike species. In this study, we focused on the marine fishes Family Nemipteridae, one of the commercially important group distributed within the surrounding seas of Malaysia. Some of the samples were collected during the National Demersal Trawl Survey in the Exclusive Economic Zone of East Coast Peninsular Malaysia by the Department of Fishery Malaysia. A 652bp region of COI was sequenced for 74 individuals from nine putative species. Additional 34 COI sequences from GenBank were also included in this study making the total number of samples analysed to 108 individuals. The average Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) nucleotide divergence was 0.34% among individuals within species and 6.97% within genera. All putative species formed monophyletic clades in both Neighbour-joining (NJ) and Maximum-likelihood (ML) trees. However, there was a potential misidentification in specimen identified as Nemipterus tambuloides, as the specimen did not group with their own taxa. It was genetically grouped in Nemipterus thosaporni clade. This study supports the effectiveness of COI gene in species discrimination of Family Nemipteridae.

Revision and phylogeny of the subaptera-group of Phyllodromica (Blattoptera: Blattellidae: Ectobiinae), including a parthenogenetic species and the evaluation of COI sequences for species identification (DNA barcoding)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1522 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS KNEBELSBERGER ◽  
MICHAEL A. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Parthenogenetic Species ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Coi Sequences

Until recently the subaptera-group of Phyllodromica contained only one species. The revision of the subaptera-group  herein consists of the two newly described bisexual species, P. iberica and P. quadracantha, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and a parthenogenetic species, P. subaptera (Rambur, 1838), which is widely distributed over most of the Mediterranean countries and islands. Within P. iberica three conspecific morphotypes are distinguished. The morphological characteristics of the subaptera-group are described. The species and their distributions are described and depicted. A key for the morphological determination of P. quadracantha and the morphotypes of P. iberica is given. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are included in the species descriptions. The sequence data are suitable for species identification (DNA barcodes). A cladistic analysis of the morphological data and a phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences were performed to infer the phylogenetic relationships between the species of the subaptera-group.

Species identification of staphylococci and micrococci isolated from ewes' milk cheeses

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Camino García ◽  
Andrés Otero ◽  
María Luisa García ◽  
María Rosario García ◽  
Benito Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Species Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistant Strains

SummaryForty-five strains of staphylococci and 6 strains of micrococci isolated from pasteurized ewes' milk cheeses (Manchego and Burgos varieties) were identified to species level. Three strains of staphylococci were identified asStaphylococcus aureus. Amongst the 42 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 8 were novobiocin-sensitive and 34 novobiocin-resistant. The novobiocin-sensitive species found wereStaph. auricularis(5 strains),Staph. caseolyticus(2 strains) andStaph. epidermidis(1 strain). Novobiocin-resistant strains were identified asStaph. gallinarum(5 strains),Staph. xylosus(4),Staph. saprophyticus(9),Staph. cohnii(6),Staph. sciuri(1) andStaph. lentus(3). The other 6 isolates could not be identified. Only 3 strains of micrococci were identified (Micrococcus kristinae, M. variansandM. sedentarius). The possible origin of the isolates is discussed.

Characterization Of The Active Site Of Urokinase With A Series Of Potent Inhibitory Amidines

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Geratz ◽  
S R Shaver ◽  
R R Tidwell
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Striking Contrast

Twenty amidine-substituted indole-like heterocycles were synthesized and examined for their blocking effect against human urokinase and a number of related arginine- or lysine- directed proteases. Kinetic analyses were carried out with the help of peptide anilide substrates and revealed a reversible competitive inhibitory pattern with each compound. The Ki values were therefore interpreted to reflect binding conditions at the active site of the enzymes.A highly potent inhibitor of urokinase was discovered in 5-amidino-l-(4-amidinobenzyl)indole which proved to be 18 times more effective on a molar basis than p-aminobenzamidine and 150 times more effective than benzamidine. The Ki value at 37°C and pH 8.3 was determined as 3.2 × 10-6 M. In striking contrast to the findings with the other proteases studied, urokinase was very sensitive to inhibition by 6-amidinoindoline (Ki 1.8 × 10-5 M), yet was much less susceptible to inhibition by the fully unsaturated analog 6-amidinoindole. Steric factors resulting from the difference in planarity between the two compounds are held responsible for this observation. In plasminogen activation assays the antiurokinase effect of the heterocycles mirrored their potency in the assays employing the synthetic urokinase substrate.The significant differences in the inhibitory activities of amidines against urokinase, on the one hand, and plasmin, thrombin and factor Xa, on the other hand, will be useful for experiments where selective inhibition of plasminogen activation is to be achieved. The compounds will also be of help in characterizing other tissue activators with respect to urokinase.

scholarly journals Immersion Calorimetry for the Characterization of PD Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbon

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1227
Author(s):  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
Immersion Calorimetry ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
The Difference

Activated carbons obtained from coconut peel were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide. Superficial characteristics of these carbons were determined through N2and CO2isotherms and functional groups were characterized by TPD. Finally, the microcalorimetry technique was used in order to obtain the immersion enthalpies in diverse liquids and established the relation between them and the results obtained by the other characterization techniques. The results suggested that the immersion calorimetry allow establishing the difference between the supports and the catalysts.

This, that and the other: locating the supernatural enemy in Old English

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
ADAM MEARNS
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Normative Function ◽  
The Difference

This article explores the concept of the supernatural and the characterization of monsters and devils in Old English (OE), using the framework of a prototype model of semantic structure. Although there is a lexical gap, with no OE word equivalent to Present-Day English supernatural, it is possible to identify a set of semantic traits that constitute a covert conceptual category similar to the modern concept and encompassing Anglo-Saxon monsters and devils. The essence of this category is ‘exclusion’. The difference between the modern and medieval concepts is that, for the Anglo-Saxons, the boundary of the supernatural was conceptually much ‘closer’ and conceived in less abstract terms, corresponding to the frontier between the civilized space of society and the unruly alien space beyond. Similarities in the words applied to them reflect the fact that supernatural beings shared this alien space with other more mundane outsiders, such as foreigners and criminals. As its most extraordinary members, however, Anglo-Saxon monsters and devils played an important role in delineating the boundaries of society by acting as a challenge or counterexample to the principles of proper behaviour and accepted beliefs from which that civilized space was constructed and therefore supporting the normative function of the Anglo-Saxons’ ‘sense of place’ in the terms of Convery et al. (2012).

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