This, that and the other: locating the supernatural enemy in Old English

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
ADAM MEARNS
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Conceptual Category ◽  
Normative Function ◽  
The Difference

This article explores the concept of the supernatural and the characterization of monsters and devils in Old English (OE), using the framework of a prototype model of semantic structure. Although there is a lexical gap, with no OE word equivalent to Present-Day English supernatural, it is possible to identify a set of semantic traits that constitute a covert conceptual category similar to the modern concept and encompassing Anglo-Saxon monsters and devils. The essence of this category is ‘exclusion’. The difference between the modern and medieval concepts is that, for the Anglo-Saxons, the boundary of the supernatural was conceptually much ‘closer’ and conceived in less abstract terms, corresponding to the frontier between the civilized space of society and the unruly alien space beyond. Similarities in the words applied to them reflect the fact that supernatural beings shared this alien space with other more mundane outsiders, such as foreigners and criminals. As its most extraordinary members, however, Anglo-Saxon monsters and devils played an important role in delineating the boundaries of society by acting as a challenge or counterexample to the principles of proper behaviour and accepted beliefs from which that civilized space was constructed and therefore supporting the normative function of the Anglo-Saxons’ ‘sense of place’ in the terms of Convery et al. (2012).

XVII.—Recent Translations of Old English Poetry.

PMLA ◽  
1903 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-458
Author(s):  
James M. Garnett
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Old English Poetry ◽  
The Past

The desire was expressed some years ago that we might soon have in English a collection of translations of Old English poetry that might fill the place so well filled in German by Grein's Dichtungen der Angelsachsen. This desire is now in a fair way of accomplishment, and much has been done during the past ten years, the period embraced in this paper. As was naturally to be expected from the work previously done in criticism of both text and subject-matter, Beowulf has attracted more than ever the thoughts and efforts of translators, for we had in 1892 the rhythmical translation of Professor J. Lesslie Hall and the prose version of Professor Earle; in 1895 (reprinted in cheaper form in 1898) the poetical translation of William Morris and A. J. Wyatt, the editor of Beowulf; in 1901 the prose version of Dr. J. R. Clark Hall, author of A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary; and only the other day, in 1902, the handy prose version of Professor C. B. Tinker.

Linguistic politeness in Anglo-Saxon England? A study of Old English address terms

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kohnen
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Linguistic Politeness ◽  
Mutual Obligation ◽  
The One ◽  
Address Terms

This paper investigates Anglo-Saxon address terms against the background of politeness and face work. Using the Dictionary of Old English Corpus, it examines the most prominent Old English terms of nominal address associated with polite or courteous behaviour, their distribution, the typical communicative settings in which they are used and their basic pragmatic meaning. The results suggest that, at least in this field, politeness as face work may not have played a major role in Anglo-Saxon England. Rather, the use of the address terms may reflect accommodation to the overriding importance of mutual obligation and kin loyalty on the one hand, and obedience to the basic Christian ideals of humilitas and caritas on the other.

scholarly journals Characterization of putrescine- and spermidine-transport systems of a rat pancreatic acinar tumoral cell line (AR4-2J)

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Nicolet ◽  
J L Scemama ◽  
L Pradayrol ◽  
C Seva ◽  
N Vaysse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Lower Affinity ◽  
Polyamine Transport ◽  
Tumoral Cell ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
The Difference

Polyamines are polycationic molecules essential for cell growth and differentiation. Recent work has focused on cell polyamine-transport systems as a way to regulate intracellular polyamine levels. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of two different active transporters for putrescine and spermidine in a rat tumoral cell line (AR4-2J). The first has a Km of 3.1 microM and a Vmax of 3.7 pmol/15 min per micrograms of DNA for putrescine and the second a Km of 0.42 microM and a Vmax of 4.7 pmol/15 min per micrograms of DNA for spermidine. Competition studies performed between the polyamines confirm the difference between these two carriers; one has an equal affinity for the three main polyamines, and the other has a lower affinity for putrescine. Amino acids do not share this transport system, which is Na(+)-independent. Choline chloride inhibits selectively and in a dose-responsive manner the uptake of putrescine without affecting that of spermidine. These data demonstrate that AR4-2J cells possess two polyamine transporters; one is specific for aminopropyl groups (spermidine and spermine), and the other is choline-sensitive, but cannot discriminate between aminobutyl (putrescine) and aminopropyl groups.

The prefix un- and the metrical grammar of Beowulf

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin B. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Old English ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Poetic Tradition ◽  
English Poem ◽  
The Battle Of Maldon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Considerable Period

Two rules of the metrical grammar of the Beowulf poet are the subject of this paper. One concerns the variation of stress on the prefix un-; the other pertains to the alliteration of compounds. The two are correlated. The paper rests on the premise that the ‘metre’ of an Old English poem is only one function of a set of regularities that make it something we call verse rather than prose. Separately these regularities may be described as ‘rules’; taken as a group, the rules comprise a metrical grammar. Each Anglo-Saxon scop absorbed such a grammar during the course of long immersion in the poetic tradition of his culture. No two scops' metrical grammars could have been exactly alike; in addition to individual differences, there must have been regional and dialectal variations, although the poetic tradition ensured remarkable uniformity over a wide area and a considerable period of time, and only at the end of the Old English period, with let us say The Battle of Maldon, are significant changes manifest. Further investigation would therefore be needed to determine to what extent the rules here described apply to other grammars.

scholarly journals Consumer Dispute Resolution: A Comparative Study between Indonesia and Common Law System Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Law System ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Small Claims ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Small Claims Court

Abstract Since 2001, based on the mandate of Article 49 paragraph (1) of Law no. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, BPSK (Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen/Consumer Dispute Resolution Institution) has been established based on Presidential Decree No. 90/2001 on the establishment of BPSK in several cities in Indonesia. In some countries that embrace the Anglo Saxon legal system, consumer dispute cases are resolved by an institution called The Small Claims Court (SCC) and The Small Claims Tribunal (SCT). The difference in settlement through three institutions is that BPSK is a formal institution which resolves small disputes with low-cost, but does not limit the size of the lawsuit filed by consumers. On the other hand, SCT provides clear restrictions on claims that can be filed by consumers. At the completion done by SCC, the assemblies that resolved the case come from active and retired judges, while in BPSK the assemblies come from government, businessman and consumer with different backgrounds.

scholarly journals Colleagues are rivals: architecture and design in Russia

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Bokov
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The City

Architecture and design are fed from sources belonging to two different cultures. One can be conditionally called "artistic", the other is just as conditionally "engineering". The Roman-speaking, Latin world sees architecture and design as a phenomenon of artistic culture. Anglo-Saxon, Protestant world is inclined to attribute architecture and design to the field of engineering, practical and rational. Fundamental, essential differences do not arise between architecture and design, but between the cultures in which they are formed. In the Anglo- Saxon world there are a number of different designs, i.e. project practices, among which as an equal among equals architectural design. To the Latin world, our environment appears holistic and undivided, and its creator is an architect, a universal professional, capable of creating everything from the city to the door handle. A direct consequence of the implementation of these models is the difference in the appearance of Paris and New York. These models do not exist in isolation, they actively compete and influence each other. Traces of this competition are clearly discernible both in the nature of today's Moscow and in the professional consciousness of russian architects.

World history in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: its sources and its separateness from the Old English Orosius

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 177-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Bately
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
World History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Universal History ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of

Although a great deal has been written about the sources and manner of compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in its various versions, very little attention has been paid to its earliest section – the annals covering the period from the landing of Julius Caesar, s.a. 60 BC, to the coming of Hengest and Horsa, s.a. 449. Eight of these annals deal with the history of Britain and derive their material from the chronological summary at the end of Bede's Historia Ecclesiastical. The remaining twenty-four (1–45 and 62–155) deal with world history, and the origin of their information is a matter of dispute. Plummer claimed that they are derived from ‘some epitome of universal history, the source of which I have not yet been able to trace’. Hodgkin, on the other hand, considered that the composition of the Chronicle was intimately connected with that of the Old English Orosius and took Orosius to be a major source for the annals in question:

Characterization Of The Active Site Of Urokinase With A Series Of Potent Inhibitory Amidines

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Geratz ◽  
S R Shaver ◽  
R R Tidwell
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Selective Inhibition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Striking Contrast

Twenty amidine-substituted indole-like heterocycles were synthesized and examined for their blocking effect against human urokinase and a number of related arginine- or lysine- directed proteases. Kinetic analyses were carried out with the help of peptide anilide substrates and revealed a reversible competitive inhibitory pattern with each compound. The Ki values were therefore interpreted to reflect binding conditions at the active site of the enzymes.A highly potent inhibitor of urokinase was discovered in 5-amidino-l-(4-amidinobenzyl)indole which proved to be 18 times more effective on a molar basis than p-aminobenzamidine and 150 times more effective than benzamidine. The Ki value at 37°C and pH 8.3 was determined as 3.2 × 10-6 M. In striking contrast to the findings with the other proteases studied, urokinase was very sensitive to inhibition by 6-amidinoindoline (Ki 1.8 × 10-5 M), yet was much less susceptible to inhibition by the fully unsaturated analog 6-amidinoindole. Steric factors resulting from the difference in planarity between the two compounds are held responsible for this observation. In plasminogen activation assays the antiurokinase effect of the heterocycles mirrored their potency in the assays employing the synthetic urokinase substrate.The significant differences in the inhibitory activities of amidines against urokinase, on the one hand, and plasmin, thrombin and factor Xa, on the other hand, will be useful for experiments where selective inhibition of plasminogen activation is to be achieved. The compounds will also be of help in characterizing other tissue activators with respect to urokinase.

scholarly journals Immersion Calorimetry for the Characterization of PD Catalysts Supported on Activated Carbon

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1221-1227
Author(s):  
Liliana Giraldo ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pd Catalysts ◽  
Immersion Calorimetry ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
The Difference

Activated carbons obtained from coconut peel were oxidized using hydrogen peroxide. Superficial characteristics of these carbons were determined through N2and CO2isotherms and functional groups were characterized by TPD. Finally, the microcalorimetry technique was used in order to obtain the immersion enthalpies in diverse liquids and established the relation between them and the results obtained by the other characterization techniques. The results suggested that the immersion calorimetry allow establishing the difference between the supports and the catalysts.

scholarly journals Piae Causae Foundations, Waqfs, Trusts. Legal- Historical Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Orsolya Falus
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Christian Love ◽  
Abrahamic Religions ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

The word “charity” originates from Old English and means “Christian love of one’s fellows.” The most popular Abrahamic religions all created their own forms of charity, which, however, resemble each other. The spirit of giving, whether of time, money or resources, becomes a focal point of activity during their holiday seasons. The paper aims to present the similarities, differences and potential legal and historical interactions between the Christian piae causae foundations, the Hebrew heqdesh and the Islamic waqf, on the one hand, and the specific Anglo-Saxon trust, on the other. The study also commemorates the Institute of Islamic Research, which operated successfully at the University of Kaposvár between 2013 and 2018.

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