scholarly journals Biodegradasi Fosfat pada Limbah Laundry menggunakan Bakteri Consorsium Pelarut Fosfat

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Zairinayati Rina Zairinayati ◽  
Heri Shatriadi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Phosphate Level ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
P Values ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Latar Belakang: Limbah laundry yang dihasilkan oleh deterjen mengandung bahan aktif yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan mahluk hidup dan lingkungan. Penelitin bertujuan untuk mengurangi kandungan fosfat pada limbah laundry dengan metode biodegradasi dengan menggunakan bakteri yang tergolong dalam consorsium bakteri spesies Bacillu. sp dan Pseudomonas. sp. Sebelum perlakuan bakteri dilakukan equalisasi dengan pupuk NPK dan air gula selama 1 hari setelah itu bakteri siap digunakan sebagai bahan degradasi fosfat dengan 3 perlakuan. Metode penelitian: ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Sampel air limbah laundry diambil dari 3 tempat usaha jasa laundry yang berada dikawasan Silaberanti Palembang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk tabulasi dan analssis bivariat menggunakan uji Anova untuk melihat perbedaan dari setiap perlakuan.Hasil: menunjukkan  terjadi peningkatan jumlah kadar fosfat sebelum dilakukan proses biodegradasi yakni 9,8 m/L sebelum dilakukan penambahan baketeri menjadi Rata-rata kadar fosfat pada penambahan bakteri 50 ml adalah 27,13 dengan standar deviasi 2,73. Pada dosis penambahan bakteri 100 ml rata-rata kadar fosfat adalah 23,87 dengan standar deviasi 2,08 dan pada dosis penambahan bakteri 150 ml rata-rata kadar fosfat 22,62 dengan standar deviasi 4,41, dan hasil uji statistic didapat nilai p = 0,306 berarti pada alpha 5%.Simpulan: bahwa tidak ada perbedaan penambahan bakteri dengan berbagai dosis dengan kadar fosfat pada air limbah laundry. ABSTRACT Title: Phosphate Biodegradation in Laundry Waste Using Consorsium Bacteria PhosphateBackground: Laundry waste produced by detergent contains active ingredients that are harmful to the health of living things and environment. Research aims to reduce phosphate content in laundry waste by biodegradation method by using bacteria belonging to the bacterial consortium of Bacillu species. sp and Pseudomonas. sp. Before the treatment of the bacteria was equalized by adding NPK fertilizer and sugar liquid for 1 day and the bacteria were ready to be used as phosphate degradation material with 3 treatments.Methods: of this research is experimental research. Laundry waste water samples were taken from 3 laundry service located in the Silaberanti area of Palembang. Data analysis used univariate by presenting data in the form of tabulations and bivariate analssis using the ANOVA test to see differences in each treatment.Results: showed an increase in number of phosphate levels before the biodegradation process of 9.8 m / L before adding the bakeries to the average phosphate level in the addition of 50 ml bacteria was 27.13 with a standard deviation of 2.73. At the dose of adding 100 ml of bacteria the average phosphate level was 23.87 with a standard deviation of 2.08 and at the dose of addition of 150 ml bacteria the average phosphate level was 22.62 with a standard deviation of 4.41, and the results of statistical tests obtained p values = 0.306 means at alpha 5%Conclusion: : is that there is no difference in the addition of bacteria with various doses with phosphate levels in laundry wastewater. 

scholarly journals Epimerization of Deoxynivalenol by the Devosia Strain A6-243 Assisted by Pyrroloquinoline Quinone

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Hui Gao ◽  
Jiafeng Niu ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Zhaoxin Lu ◽  
Libang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Biotransformation Process ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Exogenous Addition

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by several Fusarium species that is hazardous to humans and animals after entering food chains. In this study, by adding cofactors, the Devosia strain A6-243 is identified as the DON-transforming bacteria from a bacterial consortium with the ability to biotransform DON of Pseudomonas sp. B6-24 and Devosia strain A6-243, and its effect on the biotransformation process of DON is studied. The Devosia strain A6-243 completely biotransformed 100 μg/mL of DON with the assistance of the exogenous addition of PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) within 48 h and produced non-toxic 3-epi-DON (3-epi-deoxynivalenol), while Pseudomonas sp. B6-24 was not able to biotransform DON, but it had the ability to generate PQQ. Moreover, the Devosia strain A6-243 not only degraded DON, but also exhibited the ability to degrade 3-keto-DON (3-keto-deoxynivalenol) with the same product 3-epi-DON, indicating that DON epimerization by the Devosia strain A6-243 is a two-step enzymatic reaction. The most suitable conditions for the biodegradation process of the Devosia strain A6-243 were a temperature of 16–37 °C and pH 7.0–10, with 15–30 μM PQQ. In addition, the Devosia strain A6-243 was found to completely remove DON (6.7 μg/g) from DON-contaminated wheat. The results presented a reference for screening microorganisms with the ability of biotransform DON and laid a foundation for the development of enzymes for the detoxification of mycotoxins in grain and its products.

Assessing variability in surgical decision making among attending neurosurgeons at an academic center

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1970-1976
Author(s):  
Ashwin G. Ramayya ◽  
H. Isaac Chen ◽  
Paul J. Marcotte ◽  
Steven Brem ◽  
Eric L. Zager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
P Values ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Radiology Reports ◽  
Operative Notes ◽  
First Time

OBJECTIVEAlthough it is known that intersurgeon variability in offering elective surgery can have major consequences for patient morbidity and healthcare spending, data addressing variability within neurosurgery are scarce. The authors performed a prospective peer review study of randomly selected neurosurgery cases in order to assess the extent of consensus regarding the decision to offer elective surgery among attending neurosurgeons across one large academic institution.METHODSAll consecutive patients who had undergone standard inpatient surgical interventions of 1 of 4 types (craniotomy for tumor [CFT], nonacute redo CFT, first-time spine surgery with/without instrumentation, and nonacute redo spine surgery with/without instrumentation) during the period 2015–2017 were retrospectively enrolled (n = 9156 patient surgeries, n = 80 randomly selected individual cases, n = 20 index cases of each type randomly selected for review). The selected cases were scored by attending neurosurgeons using a need for surgery (NFS) score based on clinical data (patient demographics, preoperative notes, radiology reports, and operative notes; n = 616 independent case reviews). Attending neurosurgeon reviewers were blinded as to performing provider and surgical outcome. Aggregate NFS scores across various categories were measured. The authors employed a repeated-measures mixed ANOVA model with autoregressive variance structure to compute omnibus statistical tests across the various surgery types. Interrater reliability (IRR) was measured using Cohen’s kappa based on binary NFS scores.RESULTSOverall, the authors found that most of the neurosurgical procedures studied were rated as “indicated” by blinded attending neurosurgeons (mean NFS = 88.3, all p values < 0.001) with greater agreement among neurosurgeon raters than expected by chance (IRR = 81.78%, p = 0.016). Redo surgery had lower NFS scores and IRR scores than first-time surgery, both for craniotomy and spine surgery (ANOVA, all p values < 0.01). Spine surgeries with fusion had lower NFS scores than spine surgeries without fusion procedures (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSThere was general agreement among neurosurgeons in terms of indication for surgery; however, revision surgery of all types and spine surgery with fusion procedures had the lowest amount of decision consensus. These results should guide efforts aimed at reducing unnecessary variability in surgical practice with the goal of effective allocation of healthcare resources to advance the value paradigm in neurosurgery.

Mathematics and Statistics in Anesthesiology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mortlock
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
P Values ◽  
Bayesian Data Analysis ◽  
Probability And Statistics

Mathematics is the language of quantitative science, and probability and statistics are the extension of classical logic to real world data analysis and experimental design. The basics of mathematical functions and probability theory are summarized here, providing the tools for statistical modeling and assessment of experimental results. There is a focus on the Bayesian approach to such problems (ie, Bayesian data analysis); therefore, the basic laws of probability are stated, along with several standard probability distributions (eg, binomial, Poisson, Gaussian). A number of standard classical tests (eg, p values, the t-test) are also defined and, to the degree possible, linked to the underlying principles of probability theory. This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 15 references. Keywords: Bayesian data analysis, mathematical models, power analysis, probability, p values, statistical tests, statistics, survey design

scholarly journals Time-Adaptive Statistical Test for Random Number Generators

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Ryabko
Keyword(s):  
Random Number ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Random Number Generators ◽  
P Values ◽  
Small Deviations ◽  
The One

The problem of constructing effective statistical tests for random number generators (RNG) is considered. Currently, there are hundreds of RNG statistical tests that are often combined into so-called batteries, each containing from a dozen to more than one hundred tests. When a battery test is used, it is applied to a sequence generated by the RNG, and the calculation time is determined by the length of the sequence and the number of tests. Generally speaking, the longer is the sequence, the smaller are the deviations from randomness that can be found by a specific test. Thus, when a battery is applied, on the one hand, the “better” are the tests in the battery, the more chances there are to reject a “bad” RNG. On the other hand, the larger is the battery, the less time it can spend on each test and, therefore, the shorter is the test sequence. In turn, this reduces the ability to find small deviations from randomness. To reduce this trade-off, we propose an adaptive way to use batteries (and other sets) of tests, which requires less time but, in a certain sense, preserves the power of the original battery. We call this method time-adaptive battery of tests. The suggested method is based on the theorem which describes asymptotic properties of the so-called p-values of tests. Namely, the theorem claims that, if the RNG can be modeled by a stationary ergodic source, the value − l o g π ( x 1 x 2 … x n ) / n goes to 1 − h when n grows, where x 1 x 2 … is the sequence, π ( ) is the p-value of the most powerful test, and h is the limit Shannon entropy of the source.

Simple Statistical Tests and P Values

2019 ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
Charles H. Goldsmith ◽  
Eric K. Duku ◽  
Achilles Thoma ◽  
Jessica Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
P Values

Statistical Analysis Relating to Recent Federal Standard 209 (Cleanrooms) Revisions

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Douglas Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Federal Standard ◽  
Poisson Data

The recent revisions of Federal Standard 209 regarding clean-rooms include two statistical tests for the concentration data obtained from sampling airborne particles: a) that none of the location averages exceeds the Class Limit (CL) and b) that there be 95 percent confidence that the true mean of the location averages does not exceed the CL, based on the data making up the grand mean of averages. For sampling from a constant and uniform concentration (Poisson data) or from a concentration giving data that are normally distributed, we show the statistical implications of choosing a certain level of confidence that no location average exceed CL. Similarly, we show the statistical implications of the 95 percent confidence requirement on the grand mean. For any situation where each location has approximately the same standard deviation in its readings, the Poisson and normal distributions included, if one has 95 percent confidence that none of the locations exceeds the CL, the requirement for the grand mean is also likely to be met if five or more locations are sampled. Simulation methods can assist prediction, and several methods are summarized. The likelihood of meeting the standard can usually be improved by: reducing the average concentration and the variability of the concentration (through design and good practices), increasing the number of samples per location and the volume sampled for each, and keeping the number of locations sampled to the minimum allowed.

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