Epigenetic regulation of repetitive elements and retrotransposon-induced immune responses in chronic inflammatory diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Man Tam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Repetitive Elements ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

scholarly journals Cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (20) ◽  
pp. 2168-2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dachuan Zhang ◽  
Paul S. Frenette
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Cellular Mediators ◽  
Functional Modulation ◽  
And Function

Abstract The microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of the host immunity by the induction, functional modulation, or suppression of local and systemic immune responses. In return, the host immune system restricts translocation and fine tunes the composition and distribution of the microbiota to maintain a beneficial symbiosis. This paradigm applies to neutrophils, a critical component of the innate immunity, allowing their production and function to be influenced by microbial components and metabolites derived from the microbiota, and engaging them in the process of microbiota containment and regulation. The cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota adjusts the magnitude of neutrophil-mediated inflammation on challenge while preventing neutrophil responses against commensals under steady state. Here, we review the major molecular and cellular mediators of the interactions between neutrophils and the microbiota and discuss their interplay and contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.

scholarly journals Exaggerated in vivo IL-17 responses discriminate recall responses in active TB

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pollara ◽  
Carolin T Turner ◽  
Gillian S Tomlinson ◽  
Lucy CK Bell ◽  
Ayesha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
First Time

AbstractHost immune responses at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection serve to contain the pathogen, but also mediate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and onward transmission of infection. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) responses do not discriminate between protection and pathogenicity, but IL-17A/F responses, known to drive pathology in diverse chronic inflammatory diseases, have also been associated with TB pathogenesis in animal models. At the site of in vivo immune recall responses to Mtb modelled by the tuberculin skin test, we show for the first time that active TB in humans is also associated with exaggerated IL-17A/F expression, accumulation of Th17 cells and IL-17A/F bioactivity, including increased neutrophil recruitment and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression directly implicated in TB pathogenesis. These features discriminate recall responses in patients with active TB from those with cured or latent infection and are also evident at the site of TB disease. Our data support targeting of this pathway in host-directed therapy for TB.

scholarly journals Natural Compounds as Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated IL-1βProduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Tőzsér ◽  
Szilvia Benkő
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes

IL-1βis one of the main proinflammatory cytokines that regulates a broad range of immune responses and also participates in several physiological processes. The canonical production of IL-1βrequires multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes. One of the most intensively studied inflammasome complexes is the NLRP3 inflammasome. Its activation requires two signals: one signal “primes” the cells and induces the expression of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β, while the other signal leads to the assembly and activation of the complex. Several stimuli were reported to function as the second signal including reactive oxygen species, lysosomal rupture, or cytosolic ion perturbation. Despite very intensive studies, the precise function and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are still not clear. However, many chronic inflammatory diseases are related to the overproduction of IL-1βthat is mediatedviathe NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of studies that demonstrated the effect of plant-derived natural compounds on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1βproduction. Although many of these studies lack the mechanistic explanation of their action, these compounds may be considered as complementary supplements in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, consumed as preventive agents, and may also be considered as molecular tools to study NLRP3 function.

scholarly journals The Immuno-Modulation Effect of Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Xing ◽  
Xun Sun ◽  
Yiming Dou ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Yanmei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Modulation Effect ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Regulatory Effects

As natural nanocarriers and intercellular messengers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) control communication among cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs deliver generic information including proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells and exert regulatory effects. Macrophages help mediate immune responses, and macrophage-derived EVs may play immunomodulatory roles in the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, EVs derived from various macrophage phenotypes have different biological functions. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological significance of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and gastrointestinal disease, and the potential applications of these EVs.

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Progress and Prospect with Herbal Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilanjan Ghosh ◽  
Asif Ali ◽  
Rituparna Ghosh ◽  
Shaileyee Das ◽  
Subhash C. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2610-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarique Hussain ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Huansheng Yang ◽  
Muhammad S. Kalhoro ◽  
Dildar H. Kalhoro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Background: Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. Results: Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.

scholarly journals Epigenetic dysregulation of immune-related pathways in cancer: bioinformatics tools and visualization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Berglund ◽  
Ryan M. Putney ◽  
Imene Hamaidi ◽  
Sungjune Kim
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Bioinformatics Tools ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Cancer Bioinformatics

AbstractCancer immune evasion is one of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Cancer cells employ multiple mechanisms to avoid immune recognition and suppress antitumor immune responses. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that immune-related pathways are epigenetically dysregulated in cancer. Most importantly, the epigenetic footprint of immune-related pathways is associated with the patient outcome, underscoring the crucial need to understand this process. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for epigenetic regulation of immune-related pathways in cancer and describe bioinformatics tools, informative visualization techniques, and resources to help decipher the cancer epigenome.

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