scholarly journals Survey on economic considerations and decisions of key geodata providers and users in Czech public administration

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Tomáš Řezník ◽  
Karel Charvát ◽  
Lukáš Herman ◽  
Milan Konečný
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Economic Considerations

This paper presents the results of an empirical economic data-based survey of the costs and revenues of geographical data and Web services across public administration in Czechia. The survey was composed of questionnaires and interviews. The data was collected from the 19 biggest public producers of geographical information and 25 organizations that use geographical information. The results focus on the economic consequences of data opening, splitting finances within public administration bodies, the prioritization of activities related to geographical information, licensing issues and life cycle planning etc. We also consider user opinions on the restrictions on the (re)use of geographical information of public administration, including open data.

scholarly journals Detection of heat pumps from smart meter and open data

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Weigert ◽  
Konstantin Hopf ◽  
Nicolai Weinig ◽  
Thorsten Staake
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Thermal Reservoir ◽  
Grid Operators

Abstract Heat pumps embody solutions that heat or cool buildings effectively and sustainably, with zero emissions at the place of installation. As they pose significant load on the power grid, knowledge on their existence is crucial for grid operators, e.g., to forecast load and to plan grid operation. Further details, like the thermal reservoir (ground or air source) or the age of a heat pump installation renders energy-related services possible that utility companies can offer in the future (e.g., detecting wrongly calibrated installations, household energy efficiency checks). This study investigates the prediction of heat pump installations, their thermal reservoir and age. For this, we obtained a dataset with 397 households in Switzerland, all equipped with smart meters, collected ground truth data on installed heat pumps and enriched this data with weather data and geographical information. Our investigation replicates the state of the art in the area of heat pump detection and goes beyond it, as we obtain three major findings: First, machine learning can detect the existence of heat pumps with an AUC performance metric of 0.82, their heat reservoir with an AUC of 0.86, and their age with an AUC of 0.73. Second, heat pump existence can be better detected using data during the heating period than during summer. Third the number of training samples to detect the existence of heat pumps must not be necessarily large in terms of the number of training instances and observation period.

The economic consequences of the Celali revolts: the destruction and re-establishment of the state’s taxation organisation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Polat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Tax Unit

At the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth centuries the Celali revolts resulted in wide-scale destruction throughout the entire Anatolian region. While research has been done on the general effects of this destruction, in-depth work investigating the economic consequences of the Celali revolts based on extant economic data has yet to be undertaken. Using archival material it is, however, possible to show the economic effects of these revolts. Taking the fall in tax collected by the state from the population as a result of the Celali revolts, this article aims to show how these revolts affected the economic structure of the state. By comparing the levels of avarız taxes collected before and after the revolts, and by trying to establish the levels of tax set according to the tax unit, the avarız hanes, the article thus sets out the economic impact the revolts had in Anatolia.

Lifecycle Assessment and Lifecycle Costing of Aluminium Wrought-to-Wrought Recycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 794-796 ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Hammervold ◽  
Johan Pettersen ◽  
Marit Moe Bjørnbet
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
End Products ◽  
Eu Project

The aluminium scrap market is undergoing rapid changes which will trigger off new recycling strategies. As the cast scrap market saturates it will become economically feasible to apply scrap also in aluminium wrought alloy production. As part of an EU project, Sustainable and efficient Production of Light weight solutions (SuPLight) a method for assessing life cycle environmental and economic consequences of applying aluminium scrap in high-end products has been developed. In this work, the method has been applied to assess life cycle environmental and economic impacts for six scenarios, embracing five various strategies for scrap treatment. This includes processes in material and component production, as well as fuel use during operation of vehicle and end-of-life treatment. The model for scrap strategies includes three grades of sorting and separation, plus simple refining by low-temp electrolysis and fluxing, and refining by Hoopes process. Not surprising, we find that sorting is beneficial compared to refining. More notable, perhaps, is the relative large difference between scenarios with regards to the environmental impacts considered. Finally, we discuss benefits from the life-cycle evaluation of scrap scenarios and use of the tool in business development.

scholarly journals Methods of Administrative and Legal Protection of Tax Relations: Theoretical and Legal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
K. S. Rohozinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Coercion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Functional Purpose

The author of the article has provided the results of the analysis of the methods of administrative and legal protection taking into account the changes within the relations between public administration and taxpayers and the course chosen by the state for liberalization of tax relations. The place of the concept of the methods of administrative and legal protection in the term system of the science of administrative law and their dialectical relations with the methods of public administration and administrative activity has been established. The author has indicated generic and specific features of the methods of administrative and legal protection of tax relations, where the latter will depend on the peculiarities of the means and methods of influence used by the public administration for the purpose of exercising security functions. The system of methods of administrative and legal protection of tax relations has been offered to form from three elements: general methods of administrative activity (persuasion and coercion), service tools of influence (provision of administrative services, creation of electronic services and publication of open data sets) and organizational methods. The expediency of distinguishing service means of influence into a separate group of methods of administrative and legal protection has been proved. It is conditioned by their special functional purpose – creation of conditions for independent prevention of possible breach of protected relations by the taxpayer. The role and correlation of persuasion and coercion in the system of methods of administrative and legal protection of tax relations have been clarified. Despite the presented importance of the persuasion within the relationship between the controlling agencies and the taxpayers, it has been stated that state coercion remains the main mean of administrative and legal protection of tax relations. Particular attention has been paid on the need to reconsider the correlation of tax and administrative coercion within tax relations. It has been proved that the basis of their delimitation should be not the branch of legislation, where the authority to apply the appropriate measure is assigned, but the essential criterion and the subject matter of regulation (influence) – relations arising from incomplete calculation and late and incomplete payment of taxes and fees, or relationships related to the organization and enforcement of tax responsibilities and the proper exercise by the supervisory authorities of their powers. It has been emphasized that tax coercion, unlike administrative, performs both punitive and compensatory functions.

Hustling for Funding

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Rob Kitchin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Full Circle ◽  
Data Life Cycle ◽  
Funding Issue ◽  
Funding Opportunity

This chapter focuses on the role of finance and the politics of collaboration, charting the development of the Digital Repository of Ireland (DRI). DRI have been beset with institutional politics concerning its framing, development, and operation. The future funding issue was just the latest example in a long list of fraught exchanges that could be traced back to its original conception and funding mechanism. The DRI was born out of a funding opportunity, but seemed destined to die due to a funding failure. Without a political solution, the data life cycle would turn full circle much more quickly than initially anticipated. Unless there is a means of covering the costs for labour, equipment and other essential inputs, data are not generated or stored, and thus cannot be used or shared. Even in open data projects, the data might be free to use but they were not free to create, or to process and host.

Geospatial Web Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peishing Zhao ◽  
Genong Yu ◽  
Liping Di
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Spatial Information Systems ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Geospatial Web Services

As Web service technologies mature in recent years, a growing number of geospatial Web services designed to interoperate spatial information over the network have emerged. Geospatial Web services are changing the way in which spatial information systems and applications are designed, developed and deployed. This chapter introduces all aspects of geospatial Web services from service-oriented architecture to service implementation. It covers the life cycle of geospatial Web services in terms of geospatial interoperable standards, including publish, discovery, invocation and orchestration. To make geospatial Web services more intelligent, semantic issues about geospatial data and services are discussed here. Furthermore, the applications of standard-compliant geospatial Web service are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Hittite Geographers: Geographical Perceptions and Practices in Hittite Anatolia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
N. İlgi Gerçek
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Geographical Data ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractHittite archives are remarkably rich in geographical data. A diverse array of documents has yielded, aside from thousands of geographical names (of towns, territories, mountains, and rivers), detailed descriptions of the Hittite state’s frontiers and depictions of landscape and topography. Historical geography has, as a result, occupied a central place in Hittitological research since the beginnings of the field. The primary aim of scholarship in this area has been to locate (precisely) or localize (approximately) regions, towns, and other geographical features, matching Hittite geographical names with archaeological sites, unexcavated mounds, and—whenever possible—with geographical names from the classical period. At the same time, comparatively little work has been done on geographical thinking in Hittite Anatolia: how and for what purpose(s) was geographical information collected, organized, and presented? How did those who produce the texts imagine their world and their homeland, “the Land of Hatti?” How did they characterize other lands and peoples they came into contact with? Concentrating on these questions, the present paper aims to extract from Hittite written sources their writers’ geographical conceptions and practices. It is argued that the acquisition and management of geographical information was an essential component of the Hittite Empire’s administrative infrastructure and that geographical knowledge was central to the creation of a Hittite homeland.

scholarly journals Health economics and emergence from COVID-19 lockdown: the great big marginal analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cam Donaldson ◽  
Craig Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Background Level ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Marginal Analysis ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Economic Considerations

Abstract Despite denials of politicians and other advisors, trade-offs have already been apparent in many policy decisions addressing the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its social and economic consequences. Here, we illustrate why it is important, from a wellbeing perspective, to recognise such trade-offs, and provide a framework, based on the economic concept of ‘marginal analysis’, for doing so. We illustrate its potential through consideration of optimising the balance between reducing the reproductive rate (R) of the virus and further opening of the economy. The framework accommodates both perspectives in the health-vs-economy debate whereby, depending on where we are within the marginal analysis framework, either health issues are allowed to dominate or, below some threshold of R and/or background level of infection, health and economic considerations can be traded off against each other. Given the inevitability of such trade-offs, the framework exposes crucial questions to be addressed, such as: the critical value of R and/or background infection, above which health considerations predominate, and which may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; and the value of lives forgone resulting from the small increases in R and/or background infection levels that may have to be tolerated as the economy is gradually opened.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document