Effect of Adding Biomass from Palm Kernel Shell on Phase Transformation and Microstructure during Carbothermic Reduction of Ilmenite

In this study, the carbothermic reduction and nitridation mechanism of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate are investigated in terms of phase transformation, microstructure transformation, and thermodynamic analyses. The differences in the reaction behavior of titanomagnetite and ilmenite in vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate, as well as the distribution characteristic of V in the roasted products, are emphatically studied. It is observed that the reaction sequences of titanomagnetite and ilmenite transformations into nitride are as follows: Fe3−xTixO4→Fe2TiO4→FeTiO3→M3O5→(Ti, V)(N, C); FeTiO3→M3O5→Ti(N, C). The reduction of M3O5 to TiN is the rate-limiting step of the entire reaction, and metal iron is an important medium for transferring C for the reduction of M3O5. Titanomagnetite is faster to convert into nitride than ilmenite is, and the reasons for this are discussed in detail. During the entire roasting process, V mainly coexists with Ti and seems to facilitate the conversion of titanium oxides into (Ti, V)(N, C).

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Physico-Mechanical Properties of Particle Board made from Coconut Shell, Coconut Husk and Palm Kernel Shell

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1107/1/012131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1107 (1) ◽

pp. 012131

Author(s):

O. D. Atoyebi ◽

O. J. Aladegboye ◽

F. O. Fatoki

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Particle Board ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Coconut Husk

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Artificial neural network prediction of CO emission and ash yield from co-combustion of empty fruit bunch, palm kernel shell and kaolin

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13783-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kamoru O. Oladosu ◽

Tesleem B. Asafa ◽

Abass O. Alade ◽

Mutiu F. Erinosho

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Neural Network Prediction ◽

Network Prediction ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Co Emission

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Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1630

Author(s):

Yakubu Newman Monday ◽

Jaafar Abdullah ◽

Nor Azah Yusof ◽

Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽

Rafidah Hanim Shueb

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dots ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Research Work ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Average Particle ◽

One Pot ◽

Palm Kernel Shell ◽

Doped Carbon Dots ◽

Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel shells (PKS) obtained from palm oil biomass, aiming for sensing and biosensing applications. Ethylenediamine and L-phenylalanine doped CDs were produced via the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods using one-pot synthesis techniques in an autoclave batch reactor. The as-prepared N-CDs shows excellent photoluminescence (PL) property and a quantum yield (QY) of 13.7% for ethylenediamine (EDA) doped N-CDs (CDs-EDA) and 8.6% for L-phenylalanine (L-Ph) doped N-CDs (CDs-LPh) with an excitation/emission wavelength of 360 nm/450 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the N-CDs have an average particle size of 2 nm for both CDs. UV-Visible spectrophotometric results showed C=C and C=O transition. FTIR results show and confirm the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -C=O, -NH2 on the N-CDs, and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the N-CDs were crystalline, depicted with sharp peaks. This research work demonstrated that palm kernel shell biomass often thrown away as waste can produce CDs with excellent physicochemical properties.

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